Kristopher Kyle
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 5886503 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Kristopher Kyle |
| NOMBRES | Kristopher |
| APELLIDO | Kyle |
| FIRMA | KYLE K |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Oregon |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5415-9672 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 25 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 30 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 25 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2013 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Usage-based analysis of L2 oral proficiency
Analyzing the relationship between argument structure construction (ASC) use and language learning has been an important area of investigation in second language (L2) studies from a usage-based constructionist approach. Previous studies have shown that advanced L2 learners’ language use demonstrates greater ASC diversity, less frequent ASC-verb combinations, and stronger ASC-verb associations. However, these investigations have been limited by me…
The Relationship Between L2 Spanish Proficiency and Features of Written Lexical and Lexicogrammatical Use
Research has demonstrated that features of lexical and lexicogrammatical use are important predictors of productive second language (L2) proficiency (e.g. Kyle et al. 2018). While some features of lexical use have been studied with L2s other than English (e.g. Tracy-Ventura 2017), multivariate lexical and lexicogrammatical approaches in these L2s are rare. In this study, we extend the use of multivariate approaches to L2 Spanish writing. Our lear…
Evaluating evidence for the reliability and validity of lexical diversity indices in L2 oral task responses
Although lexical diversity is often used as a measure of productive proficiency (e.g., as an aspect of lexical complexity) in SLA studies involving oral tasks, relatively little research has been conducted to support the reliability and/or validity of these indices in spoken contexts. Furthermore, SLA researchers commonly use indices of lexical diversity such as Root TTR (Guiraud’s index) and D (vocd-D and HD-D) that have been preliminarily shown…
Measuring the development of lexical richness of L2 Spanish
Research has indicated that lexical richness is an important indicator of second language (L2) proficiency. However, most research has examined written, cross-sectional English L2 corpora and does not necessarily indicate how spoken lexical use develops over time or whether observed trends are stable across L2s. This study adds to previous research on the development of spoken vocabulary by investigating lexical features of L2 Spanish learners ov…
L2 collocation profiles and their relationship with vocabulary proficiency
Assessing syntactic and lexicogrammatical use in second language Mandarin writing samples
Assessing spoken lexical and lexicogrammatical proficiency using features of word, bigram, and dependency bigram use
The measurement of second language (L2) productive lexical proficiency has driven a great deal of research over the past two decades. Research has indicated that more proficient speakers and writers tend to use a wider range of words and that more proficient writers tend to use words that are more sophisticated (less frequent in reference corpora). Research over the past 15 years has also demonstrated that the way words are used in context (i.e.,…
Register variation in spoken and written language use across technology-mediated and non-technology-mediated learning environments
In the realm of language proficiency assessments, the domain description inference and the extrapolation inference are key components of a validity argument. Biber et al.’s description of the lexicogrammatical features of the spoken and written registers in the T2K-SWAL corpus has served as support for the TOEFL iBT test’s domain description and extrapolation inferences. In the time since the T2K-SWAL corpus was collected, however, university lea…
To What Extent is Collocation Knowledge Associated with Oral Proficiency? A Corpus-Based Approach to Word Association
This study examined the relationship between second language (L2) learners’ collocation knowledge and oral proficiency. A new approach to measuring collocation was adopted by eliciting responses through a word association task and using corpus-based measures (absolute frequency count, t-score, MI score) to analyze the degree to which stimulus words and responses were collocated. Oral proficiency was measured using human judgements and objective m…
Assessing the Validity of Lexical Diversity Indices Using Direct Judgements
Indices of lexical diversity have been used to estimate the size of a writer’s vocabulary and/or a writer’s lexical proficiency for some time. One issue with many commonly used indices of lexical diversity (e.g., TTR and index) is that they vary as a function of text length. Accordingly, much research has been devoted to the development of indices that are text length independent. However, very little research has investigated the degree to which…
Investigating minimum text lengths for lexical diversity indices
Measuring Longitudinal Writing Development Using Indices of Syntactic Complexity and Sophistication
Measures of syntactic complexity such as mean length of T-unit have been common measures of language proficiency in studies of second language acquisition. Despite the ubiquity and usefulness of such structure-based measures, they could be complemented with measures based on usage-based theories, which focus on the development of not just syntactic forms but also form-meaning pairs, called constructions (Ellis, 2002). Recent cross-sectional resea…
Continuing to Explore the Multidimensional Nature of Lexical Sophistication
Lexical sophistication has been an important indicator of productive lexical proficiency for almost 30 years. Although lexical sophistication has most often been operationalized as the proportion of low frequency words in a text, a growing body of research has indicated that a number of indices such as concreteness, hypernymy, and n‐gram association strengths meaningfully contribute to the construct. While the increase in available indices has ex…
Using Native-Speaker Psycholinguistic Norms to Predict Lexical Proficiency and Development in Second-Language Production
A large data set of L1 psycholinguistic norms (Balota et al. 2007) was used to assess spoken L2 English lexical proficiency in cross-sectional and longitudinal learner corpora. Behavioral norms included lexical decision and word naming latencies (i.e. reaction times) and accuracies for 40,481 English words. A frequency measure was included to compare the relative strength of the norms to a traditional lexical measure when explaining proficiency a…
Lexical Sophistication as a Multidimensional Phenomenon
This study conceptualizes lexical sophistication as a multidimensional phenomenon by reducing numerous lexical features of lexical sophistication into 12 aggregated components (i.e., dimensions) via a principal component analysis approach. These components were then used to predict second language (L2) writing proficiency levels, holistic lexical proficiency scores, and longitudinal lexical growth. The results from regression analyses indicated t…
The tool for the automatic analysis of lexical sophistication (Taales)
This study introduces the second release of the Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Lexical Sophistication (TAALES 2.0), a freely available and easy-to-use text analysis tool. TAALES 2.0 is housed on a user's hard drive (allowing for secure data processing) and is available on most operating systems (Windows, Mac, and Linux). TAALES 2.0 adds 316 indices to the original tool. These indices are related to word frequency, word range, n-gram frequency…
Measuring Syntactic Complexity in L2 Writing Using Fine‐Grained Clausal and Phrasal Indices
Syntactic complexity is an important measure of second language (L2) writing proficiency (Larsen–Freeman, 1978; Lu, 2011). Large‐grained indices such as the mean length of T‐unit (MLTU) have been used with the most consistency in L2 writing studies (Ortega, 2003). Recently, indices such as MLTU have been criticized, both for the difficulty in interpretation (e.g., Norris & Ortega, 2009) and for a potentially misplaced focus on clausal subordinati…
N-gram measures and L2 writing proficiency
Assessing syntactic sophistication in L2 writing
Over the past 45 years, the construct of syntactic sophistication has been assessed in L2 writing using what Bulté and Housen (2012) refer to as absolute complexity (Lu, 2011; Ortega, 2003; Wolfe-Quintero, Inagaki, & Kim, 1998). However, it has been argued that making inferences about learners based on absolute complexity indices (e.g., mean length of t-unit and mean length of clause) may be difficult, both from practical and theoretical perspect…
Predicting Text Comprehension, Processing, and Familiarity in Adult Readers
Research has identified a number of linguistic features that influence the reading comprehension of young readers; yet, less is known about whether and how these findings extend to adult readers. This study examines text comprehension, processing, and familiarity judgment provided by adult readers using a number of different approaches (i.e., natural language processing, crowd-sourced ratings, and machine learning). The primary focus is on the id…
The development and use of cohesive devices in L2 writing and their relations to judgments of essay quality
The relationship between lexical sophistication and independent and source-based writing
Construct validity in Toefl iBT speaking tasks
This study explores the construct validity of speaking tasks included in the TOEFL iBT (e.g., integrated and independent speaking tasks). Specifically, advanced natural language processing (NLP) tools, MANOVA difference statistics, and discriminant function analyses (DFA) are used to assess the degree to which and in what ways responses to these tasks differ with regard to linguistic characteristics. The findings lend support to using a variety o…
Analyzing Discourse Processing Using a Simple Natural Language Processing Tool
Natural language processing (NLP) provides a powerful approach for discourse processing researchers. However, there remains a notable degree of hesitation by some researchers to consider using NLP, at least on their own. The purpose of this article is to introduce and make available a simple NLP (SiNLP) tool. The overarching goal of the article is to proliferate the use of NLP in discourse processing research. The article also provides an instant…
Research Methods in Second Language Acquisition
Research Methods in Second Language Acquisition
N-gram measures and L2 writing proficiency
Predicting Text Comprehension, Processing, and Familiarity in Adult Readers
Research has identified a number of linguistic features that influence the reading comprehension of young readers; yet, less is known about whether and how these findings extend to adult readers. This study examines text comprehension, processing, and familiarity judgment provided by adult readers using a number of different approaches (i.e., natural language processing, crowd-sourced ratings, and machine learning). The primary focus is on the id…
Analyzing Discourse Processing Using a Simple Natural Language Processing Tool
Natural language processing (NLP) provides a powerful approach for discourse processing researchers. However, there remains a notable degree of hesitation by some researchers to consider using NLP, at least on their own. The purpose of this article is to introduce and make available a simple NLP (SiNLP) tool. The overarching goal of the article is to proliferate the use of NLP in discourse processing research. The article also provides an instant…
To What Extent is Collocation Knowledge Associated with Oral Proficiency? A Corpus-Based Approach to Word Association
This study examined the relationship between second language (L2) learners’ collocation knowledge and oral proficiency. A new approach to measuring collocation was adopted by eliciting responses through a word association task and using corpus-based measures (absolute frequency count, t-score, MI score) to analyze the degree to which stimulus words and responses were collocated. Oral proficiency was measured using human judgements and objective m…
Research Methods in Second Language Acquisition
Analyzing Discourse Processing Using a Simple Natural Language Processing Tool
Natural language processing (NLP) provides a powerful approach for discourse processing researchers. However, there remains a notable degree of hesitation by some researchers to consider using NLP, at least on their own. The purpose of this article is to introduce and make available a simple NLP (SiNLP) tool. The overarching goal of the article is to proliferate the use of NLP in discourse processing research. The article also provides an instant…
The development and use of cohesive devices in L2 writing and their relations to judgments of essay quality
The relationship between lexical sophistication and independent and source-based writing
Construct validity in Toefl iBT speaking tasks
This study explores the construct validity of speaking tasks included in the TOEFL iBT (e.g., integrated and independent speaking tasks). Specifically, advanced natural language processing (NLP) tools, MANOVA difference statistics, and discriminant function analyses (DFA) are used to assess the degree to which and in what ways responses to these tasks differ with regard to linguistic characteristics. The findings lend support to using a variety o…
Assessing syntactic sophistication in L2 writing
Over the past 45 years, the construct of syntactic sophistication has been assessed in L2 writing using what Bulté and Housen (2012) refer to as absolute complexity (Lu, 2011; Ortega, 2003; Wolfe-Quintero, Inagaki, & Kim, 1998). However, it has been argued that making inferences about learners based on absolute complexity indices (e.g., mean length of t-unit and mean length of clause) may be difficult, both from practical and theoretical perspect…
Predicting Text Comprehension, Processing, and Familiarity in Adult Readers
Research has identified a number of linguistic features that influence the reading comprehension of young readers; yet, less is known about whether and how these findings extend to adult readers. This study examines text comprehension, processing, and familiarity judgment provided by adult readers using a number of different approaches (i.e., natural language processing, crowd-sourced ratings, and machine learning). The primary focus is on the id…
Lexical Sophistication as a Multidimensional Phenomenon
This study conceptualizes lexical sophistication as a multidimensional phenomenon by reducing numerous lexical features of lexical sophistication into 12 aggregated components (i.e., dimensions) via a principal component analysis approach. These components were then used to predict second language (L2) writing proficiency levels, holistic lexical proficiency scores, and longitudinal lexical growth. The results from regression analyses indicated t…
The tool for the automatic analysis of lexical sophistication (Taales)
This study introduces the second release of the Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Lexical Sophistication (TAALES 2.0), a freely available and easy-to-use text analysis tool. TAALES 2.0 is housed on a user's hard drive (allowing for secure data processing) and is available on most operating systems (Windows, Mac, and Linux). TAALES 2.0 adds 316 indices to the original tool. These indices are related to word frequency, word range, n-gram frequency…
Measuring Syntactic Complexity in L2 Writing Using Fine‐Grained Clausal and Phrasal Indices
Syntactic complexity is an important measure of second language (L2) writing proficiency (Larsen–Freeman, 1978; Lu, 2011). Large‐grained indices such as the mean length of T‐unit (MLTU) have been used with the most consistency in L2 writing studies (Ortega, 2003). Recently, indices such as MLTU have been criticized, both for the difficulty in interpretation (e.g., Norris & Ortega, 2009) and for a potentially misplaced focus on clausal subordinati…
N-gram measures and L2 writing proficiency
Using Native-Speaker Psycholinguistic Norms to Predict Lexical Proficiency and Development in Second-Language Production
A large data set of L1 psycholinguistic norms (Balota et al. 2007) was used to assess spoken L2 English lexical proficiency in cross-sectional and longitudinal learner corpora. Behavioral norms included lexical decision and word naming latencies (i.e. reaction times) and accuracies for 40,481 English words. A frequency measure was included to compare the relative strength of the norms to a traditional lexical measure when explaining proficiency a…
Continuing to Explore the Multidimensional Nature of Lexical Sophistication
Lexical sophistication has been an important indicator of productive lexical proficiency for almost 30 years. Although lexical sophistication has most often been operationalized as the proportion of low frequency words in a text, a growing body of research has indicated that a number of indices such as concreteness, hypernymy, and n‐gram association strengths meaningfully contribute to the construct. While the increase in available indices has ex…
Assessing the Validity of Lexical Diversity Indices Using Direct Judgements
Indices of lexical diversity have been used to estimate the size of a writer’s vocabulary and/or a writer’s lexical proficiency for some time. One issue with many commonly used indices of lexical diversity (e.g., TTR and index) is that they vary as a function of text length. Accordingly, much research has been devoted to the development of indices that are text length independent. However, very little research has investigated the degree to which…
Investigating minimum text lengths for lexical diversity indices
Measuring Longitudinal Writing Development Using Indices of Syntactic Complexity and Sophistication
Measures of syntactic complexity such as mean length of T-unit have been common measures of language proficiency in studies of second language acquisition. Despite the ubiquity and usefulness of such structure-based measures, they could be complemented with measures based on usage-based theories, which focus on the development of not just syntactic forms but also form-meaning pairs, called constructions (Ellis, 2002). Recent cross-sectional resea…
Register variation in spoken and written language use across technology-mediated and non-technology-mediated learning environments
In the realm of language proficiency assessments, the domain description inference and the extrapolation inference are key components of a validity argument. Biber et al.’s description of the lexicogrammatical features of the spoken and written registers in the T2K-SWAL corpus has served as support for the TOEFL iBT test’s domain description and extrapolation inferences. In the time since the T2K-SWAL corpus was collected, however, university lea…
To What Extent is Collocation Knowledge Associated with Oral Proficiency? A Corpus-Based Approach to Word Association
This study examined the relationship between second language (L2) learners’ collocation knowledge and oral proficiency. A new approach to measuring collocation was adopted by eliciting responses through a word association task and using corpus-based measures (absolute frequency count, t-score, MI score) to analyze the degree to which stimulus words and responses were collocated. Oral proficiency was measured using human judgements and objective m…
L2 collocation profiles and their relationship with vocabulary proficiency
Assessing syntactic and lexicogrammatical use in second language Mandarin writing samples
Assessing spoken lexical and lexicogrammatical proficiency using features of word, bigram, and dependency bigram use
The measurement of second language (L2) productive lexical proficiency has driven a great deal of research over the past two decades. Research has indicated that more proficient speakers and writers tend to use a wider range of words and that more proficient writers tend to use words that are more sophisticated (less frequent in reference corpora). Research over the past 15 years has also demonstrated that the way words are used in context (i.e.,…
The Relationship Between L2 Spanish Proficiency and Features of Written Lexical and Lexicogrammatical Use
Research has demonstrated that features of lexical and lexicogrammatical use are important predictors of productive second language (L2) proficiency (e.g. Kyle et al. 2018). While some features of lexical use have been studied with L2s other than English (e.g. Tracy-Ventura 2017), multivariate lexical and lexicogrammatical approaches in these L2s are rare. In this study, we extend the use of multivariate approaches to L2 Spanish writing. Our lear…
Evaluating evidence for the reliability and validity of lexical diversity indices in L2 oral task responses
Although lexical diversity is often used as a measure of productive proficiency (e.g., as an aspect of lexical complexity) in SLA studies involving oral tasks, relatively little research has been conducted to support the reliability and/or validity of these indices in spoken contexts. Furthermore, SLA researchers commonly use indices of lexical diversity such as Root TTR (Guiraud’s index) and D (vocd-D and HD-D) that have been preliminarily shown…
Measuring the development of lexical richness of L2 Spanish
Research has indicated that lexical richness is an important indicator of second language (L2) proficiency. However, most research has examined written, cross-sectional English L2 corpora and does not necessarily indicate how spoken lexical use develops over time or whether observed trends are stable across L2s. This study adds to previous research on the development of spoken vocabulary by investigating lexical features of L2 Spanish learners ov…
Usage-based analysis of L2 oral proficiency
Analyzing the relationship between argument structure construction (ASC) use and language learning has been an important area of investigation in second language (L2) studies from a usage-based constructionist approach. Previous studies have shown that advanced L2 learners’ language use demonstrates greater ASC diversity, less frequent ASC-verb combinations, and stronger ASC-verb associations. However, these investigations have been limited by me…
Linguistics (25 obras) · Computer Science (22 obras) · Second Language Acquisition and Learning (22 obras) · Psychology (20 obras) · Text Readability and Simplification (18 obras) · Natural language processing (17 obras) · Natural Language Processing Techniques (15 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (11 obras) · Language proficiency (7 obras) · Sociology (7 obras)