Melanie Cowan
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 6058933 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Melanie Cowan |
| NOMBRES | Melanie |
| APELLIDO | Cowan |
| FIRMA | COWAN M |
| AFILIACIONES | World Health Organization |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 14 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 6 |
| OBRAS COMO AUTOR | 14 |
| OBRAS COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2010 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 1 |
A multi-country comparison between mobile phone surveys and face-to-face household surveys to estimate the prevalence of non-communicable diseases behavioural risk factors in low- and middle-income se…
BACKGROUND: Although mobile phone surveys (MPS) are routinely used to collect health information in high-income countries, concerns remain about the impact of bias on population-level estimates in low-income settings and validation studies are lacking. This study aims to compare non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risk factor estimates obtained from MPS and nationally representative face-to-face household surveys in six low- and middle-income settin…
National, regional, and global trends in insufficient physical activity among adults from 2000 to 2022
BACKGROUND: Insufficient physical activity increases the risk of non-communicable diseases, poor physical and cognitive function, weight gain, and mental ill-health. Global prevalence of adult insufficient physical activity was last published for 2016, with limited trend data. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of insufficient physical activity for 197 countries and territories, from 2000 to 2022. METHODS: We collated physical activity reported …
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022
BACKGROUND: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. METHODS: ). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI 2 SD above the median). FINDINGS: From 1990 to 20…
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019
BACKGROUND: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blo…
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories
BACKGROUND: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease …
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3–6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean B…
Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015
BACKGROUND: Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. METHODS: For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or comm…
The World Health Organization STEPwise Approach to Noncommunicable Disease Risk-Factor Surveillance
Objectives. We sought to outline the framework and methods used by the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease (NCD) surveillance (STEPS), describe the development and current status, and discuss strengths, limitations, and future directions of STEPS surveillance. Methods. STEPS is a WHO-developed, standardized but flexible framework for countries to monitor the main NCD risk factors through questionnaire asse…
Inequalities in non-communicable diseases and effective responses
National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980
National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980
BACKGROUND: Excess bodyweight is a major public health concern. However, few worldwide comparative analyses of long-term trends of body-mass index (BMI) have been done, and none have used recent national health examination surveys. We estimated worldwide trends in population mean BMI. METHODS: We estimated trends and their uncertainties of mean BMI for adults 20 years and older in 199 countries and territories. We obtained data from published and…
O5-3.1 Global, regional and national trends in metabolic risk factors of chronic diseases
Introduction Information on levels and trends of risk factors is essential for policy making. However, very few comprehensive and consistent global estimates are available. We collected a global database of population level summaries of systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), serum total cholesterol (TC) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and estimated levels and trends since 1980. Methods For each risk factor, we searched for publish…
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Among Schoolchildren
National, regional, and global trends in adult overweight and obesity prevalences
The World Health Organization STEPwise Approach to Noncommunicable Disease Risk-Factor Surveillance
Objectives. We sought to outline the framework and methods used by the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease (NCD) surveillance (STEPS), describe the development and current status, and discuss strengths, limitations, and future directions of STEPS surveillance. Methods. STEPS is a WHO-developed, standardized but flexible framework for countries to monitor the main NCD risk factors through questionnaire asse…
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Among Schoolchildren
National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980
National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980
BACKGROUND: Excess bodyweight is a major public health concern. However, few worldwide comparative analyses of long-term trends of body-mass index (BMI) have been done, and none have used recent national health examination surveys. We estimated worldwide trends in population mean BMI. METHODS: We estimated trends and their uncertainties of mean BMI for adults 20 years and older in 199 countries and territories. We obtained data from published and…
O5-3.1 Global, regional and national trends in metabolic risk factors of chronic diseases
Introduction Information on levels and trends of risk factors is essential for policy making. However, very few comprehensive and consistent global estimates are available. We collected a global database of population level summaries of systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), serum total cholesterol (TC) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and estimated levels and trends since 1980. Methods For each risk factor, we searched for publish…
Inequalities in non-communicable diseases and effective responses
The World Health Organization STEPwise Approach to Noncommunicable Disease Risk-Factor Surveillance
Objectives. We sought to outline the framework and methods used by the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease (NCD) surveillance (STEPS), describe the development and current status, and discuss strengths, limitations, and future directions of STEPS surveillance. Methods. STEPS is a WHO-developed, standardized but flexible framework for countries to monitor the main NCD risk factors through questionnaire asse…
Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015
BACKGROUND: Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. METHODS: For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or comm…
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3–6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean B…
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories
BACKGROUND: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease …
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019
BACKGROUND: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blo…
National, regional, and global trends in insufficient physical activity among adults from 2000 to 2022
BACKGROUND: Insufficient physical activity increases the risk of non-communicable diseases, poor physical and cognitive function, weight gain, and mental ill-health. Global prevalence of adult insufficient physical activity was last published for 2016, with limited trend data. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of insufficient physical activity for 197 countries and territories, from 2000 to 2022. METHODS: We collated physical activity reported …
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022
BACKGROUND: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. METHODS: ). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI 2 SD above the median). FINDINGS: From 1990 to 20…
A multi-country comparison between mobile phone surveys and face-to-face household surveys to estimate the prevalence of non-communicable diseases behavioural risk factors in low- and middle-income se…
BACKGROUND: Although mobile phone surveys (MPS) are routinely used to collect health information in high-income countries, concerns remain about the impact of bias on population-level estimates in low-income settings and validation studies are lacking. This study aims to compare non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risk factor estimates obtained from MPS and nationally representative face-to-face household surveys in six low- and middle-income settin…
National, regional, and global trends in adult overweight and obesity prevalences
Medicine (14 obras) · Environmental health (13 obras) · Demography (11 obras) · Population (11 obras) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (8 obras) · Geography (6 obras) · Gerontology (6 obras) · Body mass index (5 obras) · Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins (5 obras) · Sociology (5 obras)