D L Best
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 6678 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | D L Best |
| NOMBRES | D L |
| APELLIDO | Best |
| FIRMA | BEST D L |
| AFILIACIONES | Wake Forest University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6715-0957 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 41 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 158 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 41 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1973 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Worse for Women, Bad for All
We retested core ambivalent sexism theory tenets and explored novel correlations with national outcomes in 62 nations. Replicating Glick et al., cross-national analyses supported (a) hostile sexism (HS) and benevolent sexism (BS) as cross-culturally recognizable, complementary ideologies associated with gender inequality; (b) women appearing to be influenced by, but also resisting men’s HS and embracing BS to counter men’s HS (outscoring men in s…
Does Culture Moderate Gender Stereotypes? Individualism Predicts Communal (but Not Agentic) Prescriptions for Men Across 62 Nations
The cultural moderation of gender stereotypes hypothesis argues that societies assign the most culturally valued traits to men, the dominant group. Thus, in line with cultural ideals, collectivistic societies should assign men more communality, whereas individualistic societies should assign men more individualism. Using archival data, Cuddy et al. found evidence for cultural moderation in descriptive stereotypes. We argue, however, that cultural…
Universality and Cultural Diversity in Human Morality and Moral Behaviors
Studying Culture, a Methodological Endeavor
Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries
Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countrie…
Beliefs About Ideal Parents
The Ascent of Cross-Cultural Psychology
This special Issue of the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology celebrates the 50th anniversary of the founding of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (IACCP) in 1972. This article seeks to provide a summary of the main influences that led to its founding, and the events and activities that followed. In this article, we search for the many relationships between cultural and behavioral phenomena, beginning around the turn of…
Women Across the History of Cross-Cultural Psychology
Across the years as interest in culture grew in the field of psychology, women contributed to its growth by leading research into new areas, such as children’s socialization and family dynamics, and acknowledging the critical role of the social and environmental context. Moreover, women were significant partners in team-led projects, developing methodologies that have been successfully employed to study cultural similarities and differences. Wome…
Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations
Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data …
Special Collection of Papers Investigating Cultural Aspects of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Brief report
INTRODUCTION: Feminist scholars have proposed that adolescents experience a loss of voice termed "self-silencing" due to the internalization of gender norms. A growing literature shows that the content and strength of adolescents' gender norms is dependent on ethic socialization practices. METHODS: We examined the association among self-silencing behaviors and gender ideology, measured both explicitly and implicitly, in a racially/ethnically and …
Country‐level and individual‐level predictors of men's support for gender equality in 42 countries
Men sometimes withdraw support for gender equality movements when their higher gender status is threatened. Here, we expand the focus of this phenomenon by examining it cross‐culturally, to test if both individual‐ and country‐level variables predict men's collective action intentions to support gender equality. We tested a model in which men's zero‐sum beliefs about gender predict reduced collective action intentions via an increase in hostile s…
Introduction
Fons van de Vijver (1952-2019)
Off to Great Places! Celebrating 50 Years of the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
Commentaries on the Structure of Human Values
Gender Development
The Most Recent Years
Recent trends in the content and characteristics of articles published in the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology from 2004 through 2009 are reviewed, completing the picture of the first 40 of publication. Consistent with earlier trends, empirical comparative studies are seen most frequently, self-report social behavior studies are predominate, and the majority of researchers are from the United States and English-speaking countries. Increased s…
The Contributions of the Whitings to the Study of the Socialization of Gender
The Six Culture Study and the additional New Samples were the first studies to systematically examine the role of culture in the development of gender differences. Observations of children in their natural environments demonstrated the influential roles of parents, siblings, peers, task assignment, and the environmental setting in determining the course of gender-related learning. Relations between children's experiences and the development of la…
Another View of the Gender-Status Relation
Ukrainian and U.S. American Females
Individualism/collectivism, gender attitudes, and the relationship between these constructs were measured among Ukrainian and U.S. American women. Contrary to expectation, Ukrainians were more individualistic than U.S. Americans. As predicted, Ukrainians held more traditional gender attitudes than U.S. Americans. Although correlations between individualism/collectivism and gender attitudes were not statistically significant, there was a tendency …
Gender Concepts
Gender concepts are salient aspects of sociocultural experience. Gender concepts have been examined by trained researchers who collect data in their cultures as part of a larger cross-cultural comparative project. Such studies use easily administered procedures with large numbers of participants acting as “cultural reporters.” Using this methodology, the author and her colleague studied gender stereotypes in 30 countries and masculinity-femininit…
Pancultural Gender Stereotypes Revisited
Scholarship in psychology
Scholarship in psychology
Awareness and expression of sex stereotypes in young children
Pancultural Gender Stereotypes Revisited
Country‐level and individual‐level predictors of men's support for gender equality in 42 countries
Men sometimes withdraw support for gender equality movements when their higher gender status is threatened. Here, we expand the focus of this phenomenon by examining it cross‐culturally, to test if both individual‐ and country‐level variables predict men's collective action intentions to support gender equality. We tested a model in which men's zero‐sum beliefs about gender predict reduced collective action intentions via an increase in hostile s…
Parent-Child Interactions in France, Germany, and Italy
Previous research has demonstrated that mothers and fathers interact differently with their children and these interactions have important consequences for children's social development. The present study examines gender differences in parent-child interactions and the similarity of these patterns in France, Germany, and Italy. Samples in these countries were used because within Western societies they represent differing cultural expectations con…
Sex-Trait Stereotypes in France, Germany, and Norway
Previous studies in the United States, England, and Ireland had demonstrated a high degree of cross-national generality in sex-trait stereotypes, i.e., the psychological traits which are differentially ascribed to men and women (e.g., men are aggressive, women are emotional, and the like). The present article reports on similar studies conducted with university student subjects in France, Germany, and Norway who were given translated versions of …
A further analysis of the affective meanings associated with male and female sex-trait stereotypes
The Most Recent Years
Recent trends in the content and characteristics of articles published in the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology from 2004 through 2009 are reviewed, completing the picture of the first 40 of publication. Consistent with earlier trends, empirical comparative studies are seen most frequently, self-report social behavior studies are predominate, and the majority of researchers are from the United States and English-speaking countries. Increased s…
Another View of the Gender-Status Relation
Children's generation and communication of mnemonic organizational strategies
The Contributions of the Whitings to the Study of the Socialization of Gender
The Six Culture Study and the additional New Samples were the first studies to systematically examine the role of culture in the development of gender differences. Observations of children in their natural environments demonstrated the influential roles of parents, siblings, peers, task assignment, and the environmental setting in determining the course of gender-related learning. Relations between children's experiences and the development of la…
Ukrainian and U.S. American Females
Individualism/collectivism, gender attitudes, and the relationship between these constructs were measured among Ukrainian and U.S. American women. Contrary to expectation, Ukrainians were more individualistic than U.S. Americans. As predicted, Ukrainians held more traditional gender attitudes than U.S. Americans. Although correlations between individualism/collectivism and gender attitudes were not statistically significant, there was a tendency …
Extension of Color Bias Research to Young French and Italian Children
Previous research has documented a pancultural tendency for positive evaluation to be associated with the color white and negative evaluation to be associated with black. This pro-white/anti-black bias has been demonstrated among both Euro-and Afro-American preschoolers using the Color Meaning Test (CMT) and other procedures. Translated versions of CMT and a companion measure, the Preschool Racial Attitude Measure (PRAM), were administered to sam…
Gender Concepts
Gender concepts are salient aspects of sociocultural experience. Gender concepts have been examined by trained researchers who collect data in their cultures as part of a larger cross-cultural comparative project. Such studies use easily administered procedures with large numbers of participants acting as “cultural reporters.” Using this methodology, the author and her colleague studied gender stereotypes in 30 countries and masculinity-femininit…
Color Bias among Young Japanese Children
Previous studies of preschool children in the United States and Western Europe had demonstrated a bias favoring the color white relative to the color black, and a bias favoring light-skinned human figures. In this study, procedures used in previous studies were translated and administered to Japanese preschoolers, aged 40 to 73 months. Both types of bias were found among the Japanese children indicating that pro-white and pro-light-skinned biases…
Off to Great Places! Celebrating 50 Years of the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
Cross-Cultural Themes in Developmental Psychology
Developmental psychology has been concerned with the role of culture since the beginnings of the discipline, and current views reflect universalistic, context-specific, and cultural practices conceptions of culture. Given the value of cross-cultural research for theories of development, an extensive content analysis of cross-cultural themes and research in selected developmental textbooks, handbooks, and reviews is reported in the present study. …
Inducing children to generate mnemonic organizational strategies
Whether children's strategy transfer is influenced by prior experience was investigated in a memory context. Specifically, experience with highly related materials was predicted to facilitate subsequent use of organizational strategies and recall of low-associated items. In Experiment 1, 3rd graders induced to use organizational strategies through exposure to categorical materiaIs demonstrated better recall and organization, both immediately and …
Sex-trait stereotypes in the self-and peer descriptions of third grade children
Changes in the Connotations of Racial Concepts and Color Names
This study was a 1970 replication of a 1963 study which assessed the connotative (affective) meanings of color, color-person, and ethnic concepts among Caucasian college students at Wake Forest University. The purpose was to determine whether including the development of the black identity movement during intervening years, had modified the affective meanings of these concepts. The results showed no significant change in the color (e.g., White an…
Preschool Racial Attitude Measure II
The earlier version of the Preschool Racial Attitude Measure (PRAM I) has been found to be a useful measure in attitude development and modification studies of young children. This paper describes the lengthened and otherwise revised version of this procedure—PRAM II. Standardization data are reported for 252 Caucasian and 140 Negro children, ranging in age from 37 to 85 months (mean = 64 months), who were tested by Caucasian and Negro examiners.…
Awareness and expression of sex stereotypes in young children
Extension of Color Bias Research to Young French and Italian Children
Previous research has documented a pancultural tendency for positive evaluation to be associated with the color white and negative evaluation to be associated with black. This pro-white/anti-black bias has been demonstrated among both Euro-and Afro-American preschoolers using the Color Meaning Test (CMT) and other procedures. Translated versions of CMT and a companion measure, the Preschool Racial Attitude Measure (PRAM), were administered to sam…
Color Bias in a Sample of Young German Children
Data for 56 German children (66.02 mo. old) were similar to those of French, Italian, and Euro-American children in the standardization on the Preschool Racial Attitude Measure II and the Color Meaning Test II. Data suggested the pro-light-skinned bias observed among such young children may in part be a color bias originating in early learning
Sex Stereotypes and Trait Favorability on the Adjective Check List
Using the items from the Adjective Check List in a relative judgment method. Williams and Bennett (1975) found that men and women subjects were in close agreement as to the characteristics which compose the male and female sex stereotypes. The present study was designed to replicate the Williams and Bennett findings using an absolute judgment method and also to investigate the favorability of each stereotype more systematically. Results indicated…
Color Bias among Young Japanese Children
Previous studies of preschool children in the United States and Western Europe had demonstrated a bias favoring the color white relative to the color black, and a bias favoring light-skinned human figures. In this study, procedures used in previous studies were translated and administered to Japanese preschoolers, aged 40 to 73 months. Both types of bias were found among the Japanese children indicating that pro-white and pro-light-skinned biases…
Sex-Trait Stereotypes in France, Germany, and Norway
Previous studies in the United States, England, and Ireland had demonstrated a high degree of cross-national generality in sex-trait stereotypes, i.e., the psychological traits which are differentially ascribed to men and women (e.g., men are aggressive, women are emotional, and the like). The present article reports on similar studies conducted with university student subjects in France, Germany, and Norway who were given translated versions of …
A further analysis of the affective meanings associated with male and female sex-trait stereotypes
Traits Associated with Men and Women
The association of certain psychological traits with men and others with women was studied among 4285- and 8-year-old children in 5 European countries. Subjects were read 32 stories, each representing a particular trait (e.g., aggressive, emotional), and following each story they selected between male and female silhouettes as being "the person the story is about." The findings indicated substantial cross-national similarity in the traits ascribe…
Sex-trait stereotypes in the self-and peer descriptions of third grade children
The influence of sex-role orientation on ratings of perceived exertion
Children's generation and communication of mnemonic organizational strategies
Inducing children to generate mnemonic organizational strategies
Whether children's strategy transfer is influenced by prior experience was investigated in a memory context. Specifically, experience with highly related materials was predicted to facilitate subsequent use of organizational strategies and recall of low-associated items. In Experiment 1, 3rd graders induced to use organizational strategies through exposure to categorical materiaIs demonstrated better recall and organization, both immediately and …
Parent-Child Interactions in France, Germany, and Italy
Previous research has demonstrated that mothers and fathers interact differently with their children and these interactions have important consequences for children's social development. The present study examines gender differences in parent-child interactions and the similarity of these patterns in France, Germany, and Italy. Samples in these countries were used because within Western societies they represent differing cultural expectations con…
Cross-Cultural Themes in Developmental Psychology
Developmental psychology has been concerned with the role of culture since the beginnings of the discipline, and current views reflect universalistic, context-specific, and cultural practices conceptions of culture. Given the value of cross-cultural research for theories of development, an extensive content analysis of cross-cultural themes and research in selected developmental textbooks, handbooks, and reviews is reported in the present study. …
Scholarship in psychology
Scholarship in psychology
Pancultural Gender Stereotypes Revisited
Gender Concepts
Gender concepts are salient aspects of sociocultural experience. Gender concepts have been examined by trained researchers who collect data in their cultures as part of a larger cross-cultural comparative project. Such studies use easily administered procedures with large numbers of participants acting as “cultural reporters.” Using this methodology, the author and her colleague studied gender stereotypes in 30 countries and masculinity-femininit…
Ukrainian and U.S. American Females
Individualism/collectivism, gender attitudes, and the relationship between these constructs were measured among Ukrainian and U.S. American women. Contrary to expectation, Ukrainians were more individualistic than U.S. Americans. As predicted, Ukrainians held more traditional gender attitudes than U.S. Americans. Although correlations between individualism/collectivism and gender attitudes were not statistically significant, there was a tendency …
Another View of the Gender-Status Relation
The Most Recent Years
Recent trends in the content and characteristics of articles published in the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology from 2004 through 2009 are reviewed, completing the picture of the first 40 of publication. Consistent with earlier trends, empirical comparative studies are seen most frequently, self-report social behavior studies are predominate, and the majority of researchers are from the United States and English-speaking countries. Increased s…
The Contributions of the Whitings to the Study of the Socialization of Gender
The Six Culture Study and the additional New Samples were the first studies to systematically examine the role of culture in the development of gender differences. Observations of children in their natural environments demonstrated the influential roles of parents, siblings, peers, task assignment, and the environmental setting in determining the course of gender-related learning. Relations between children's experiences and the development of la…
Gender Development
Psychology (37 obras) · Social Psychology (26 obras) · Sociology (20 obras) · Developmental psychology (17 obras) · Gender Roles and Identity Studies (16 obras) · Social Psychology (16 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (13 obras) · Cultural Differences and Values (10 obras) · Political science (9 obras) · Gender Studies (7 obras)