John Ahern
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 689500 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | John Ahern |
| NOMBRES | John |
| APELLIDO | Ahern |
| FIRMA | AHERN J |
| AFILIACIONES | University of California, Berkeley |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3853-9760 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 60 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 322 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 60 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1969 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Examining associations between school suspension and expulsion in early life and later-life cognitive health
Exclusionary school discipline (e.g., suspension, expulsion) - a documented facilitator of structural marginalization - is associated with lower midlife cognitive health, a predictor of later-life dementia risk. No studies have examined through which mechanisms this might unfold. Using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979) data, a study of US adults followed prospectively since adolescence (N = 8138), we evaluated if lifecourse educational…
Giving effect to children’s right to maintain contact with their parents in prison
Layoffs in automobile manufacturing and mortality among remaining workers
BACKGROUND: Layoffs may affect the health of those who lose their jobs as well as those who remain employed. Existing studies have found that remaining employed through layoffs is associated with poorer mental health in the short term, but the implications for long-term outcomes such as mortality remain unclear. METHODS: We estimated adjusted HRs for all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with layoff intensity while employed among whit…
Navigating usage of complex PTSD in adult mental health services
Despite significant advancements in understanding C-PTSD, clinicians often struggle with awareness and detection. This scoping review underscores the need for tailored training and resources to support clinicians in effectively managing C-PTSD. As recognition of this condition evolves in clinical and research settings, both clinicians and mental health services must adapt policies and practices to address the distinct needs of individuals with C-…
Structural racism and perinatal mental health - The role of racialized economic segregation
Rental Housing Deposits and Health Care Use
In this cohort study, compared to case management only, housing deposits with case management were not associated with short-term changes in health care use. There may be other unmeasured health benefits or downstream benefits from greater case management engagement. States considering housing deposits as an expanded Medicaid benefit may need to temper expectations about short-term health care use impacts
The role of firearm and alcohol availability in firearm suicide
Firearm availability has been linked to firearm self-harm, but the joint relationship with alcohol availability, while supported by theory, has not been examined. This study sought to quantify the separate and joint relations of community firearm and alcohol availability with individual-level risk of (fatal and nonfatal) firearm self-harm. We conducted a case-control study of California residents, 2005-2015, using statewide mortality, hospital, f…
Examining Mediators of the Relationship Between Community Mobilization and HIV Incidence Among Young South African Women Participating in the HPTN 068 Study Cohort
We previously demonstrated that village community mobilization (CM) was associated with reduced HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in South Africa. Little remains known about the mechanisms linking CM to HIV incidence. Using longitudinal data from 2292 AGYW in the HPTN 068 cohort (2011-2017), we examined whether school attendance, pro-social engagement, and hope for the future mediated the relationship between CM and HIV …
Evaluating the Validity and Reliability of the Gender Equitable Men’s Scale Using a Longitudinal Cohort of Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa
Inequitable gender norms and beliefs contribute to increased sexual risk behavior, and, among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), risk of HIV acquisition. We investigated the longitudinal measurement properties of the Gender Equitable Men's Scale (GEMS) when applied to a cohort of AGYW in rural South Africa (2011-2015). We used item response theory [Person-Item maps, Differential Item Functioning (DIF)] and measurement invariance confirmator…
Modeling Cash Plus Other Psychosocial and Structural Interventions to Prevent HIV Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa (HPTN 068)
Poverty alleviation programs can reduce HIV incidence but may have greater impacts when combined with other psychosocial interventions. We modeled the change in HIV incidence among South African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) associated with combining a cash transfer (the South African Child Support Grant (CSG)) with other structural and behavioral interventions. We modeled observational data from the HPTN 068 study where 2328 HIV negati…
What Did the First Copies of the Comedy Look Like
Cigarettes smoked among daily and non-daily smokers following CVS Health’s tobacco-free pharmacy policy
The removal of tobacco products from CVS pharmacies was associated with a reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked per day among non-daily smokers in metropolitan CBSAs, particularly those in which CVS had a large pharmacy market share
The integration of oral health‐related best practice recommendations in the management of patients with diabetes
PCPs tend not to inform their patients with diabetes of the bidirectional link with PD, or provide advice or referral to attend dental care as part of diabetes management
Variation in dental services by rurality among privately insured adults in the United States
Even among privately insured individuals with known access to dental care, rurality was associated with significant differences in the frequency of various dental procedures. Rural dental patients may have higher needs for oral surgical procedures, even when they have access to preventive care
The detection of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in Ireland
Dentists in Ireland detected significant proportions of malignant and potentially malignant oral lesions as opportunistic findings, although opportunistic findings were less likely to occur among male patients
Minimum wage policy protects against suicide in the USA
Kaufman and colleagues have considered the relationship between minimum wage and suicide mortality in the USA.1 Overall, they found that a dollar increase in the minimum wage was related to a meaningful 3.4% decrease in suicide mortality for those of lower educational attainment. Interestingly, this is the third paper in recent months to address the question of how minimum wage affects suicide. Across these papers, there is a remarkable overall c…
Community collective efficacy is associated with reduced physical intimate partner violence (IPV) incidence in the rural province of Mpumalanga, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a human rights violation and is associated with a variety of adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Collective efficacy, defined as mutual trust among community members and willingness to intervene on the behalf of the common good, has been associated with reduced neighbourhood violence. Limited research has explored whether community collective efficacy is associated with reduced incidence of …
Firearm and Nonfirearm Violence After Operation Peacemaker Fellowship in Richmond, California, 1996–2016
Objectives. To evaluate whether the Operation Peacemaker Fellowship, an innovative firearm violence-prevention program implemented in Richmond, California, was associated with reductions in firearm and nonfirearm violence. Methods. We compiled city- and jurisdiction-level quarterly counts of violent firearm and nonfirearm incidents from statewide records of deaths from and hospital visits for homicide and assault (2005–2016) and from nationwide c…
Predictors of firearm violence in urban communities
Changing Patterns in Rates and Means of Suicide in California, 2005 to 2013
Objectives. To describe recent trends in suicide throughout California and to compare rates and methods of suicide (“means”) across demographic groups. Methods. Data from statewide mortality records were used to estimate age-adjusted rates of suicide from 2005 to 2013, overall and by means, age, gender, race/ethnicity, urbanicity, and county. Results. The suicide rate increased 12.6% between 2005 and 2013, from 11.2 to 12.6 per 100 000 population…
Perceived built environment and health-related quality of life in four types of neighborhoods in Xi’an, China
Spatial Proximity to Incidents of Community Violence Is Associated with Fewer Suicides in Urban California
Predicting the Population Health Impacts of Community Interventions
A substitution estimator can be used to predict how shifts in population exposures might change health. We illustrated this method by estimating how an upper limit on alcohol outlet density might alter binge drinking in the New York Social Environment Study (n = 4000), and provided statistical code and sample data. The largest differences in binge drinking were for an upper limit of 70 outlets per square mile; there was a −0.7% difference in bing…
Population Intervention Measures to Connect Research Findings to Policy
AffiliationsJennifer Ahern is with the Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
Collective efficacy, alcohol outlet density, and young men’s alcohol use in rural South Africa
Alcohol use contributes to morbidity and mortality in developing countries by increasing the risk of trauma and disease, including alcohol dependence. Limited research addresses determinants of alcohol use beyond the individual level in sub-Saharan Africa. We test the association of community collective efficacy and alcohol outlet density with young men's drinking in a cross-sectional, locally representative survey conducted in rural northeast So…
The Association between Multiple Domains of Discrimination and Self‐assessed Health
Discrimination due to race and other attributes was a significant correlate of mental health among Latinos and blacks independent of other accepted determinants of health
Stigma, discrimination and the health of illicit drug users
Urban built environment and depression
Study objective: To assess the relations between characteristics of the neighbourhood internal and external built environment and past six month and lifetime depression. Design and setting: Depression and sociodemographic information were assessed in a cross sectional survey of residents of New York City (NYC). All respondents were geocoded to neighbourhood of residence. Data on the quality of the built environment in 59 NYC neighbourhoods were c…
A model of underlying socioeconomic vulnerability in human populations
Social context and depression after a disaster
Study objective: To examine the association between neighbourhood income inequality and depression, both overall and among those with different levels of income, in the post-disaster context. Design: A representative cross sectional random digit dial telephone survey was conducted. Setting: New York City (NYC) six months after September 11, 2001. Participants: 1570 respondents were interviewed, of whom 1355 provided residence information permitti…
Sustained Increased Consumption of Cigarettes, Alcohol, and Marijuana Among Manhattan Residents After September 11, 2001
We compared reports of increased substance use in Manhattan 1 and 6 months after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Data from 2 random-digit-dial surveys conducted 1 and 6 months after September 11 showed that 30.8% and 27.3% of respondents, respectively, reported increased use of cigarettes, alcohol, or marijuana. These sustained increases in substance use following the September 11 terrorist attacks suggest potential long-term health co…
The urban built environment and overdose mortality in New York City neighborhoods
Perceived built environment and health-related quality of life in four types of neighborhoods in Xi’an, China
What explains the association between neighborhood-level income inequality and the risk of fatal overdose in New York City
Addressing Population Health and Health Inequalities
Objectives. As a case study of the impact of universal versus targeted interventions on population health and health inequalities, we used simulations to examine (1) whether universal or targeted manipulations of collective efficacy better reduced population-level rates and racial/ethnic inequalities in violent victimization; and (2) whether experiments reduced disparities without addressing fundamental causes. Methods. We applied agent-based sim…
Population vulnerabilities and capacities related to health
Distribution of Education and Population Health
Objectives. We assessed the relationship between distribution of education and health indicators in a large urban area to determine if distribution of education may be a determinant of population health. Methods. We studied the association between distribution of education, measured with the education Gini coefficient, and rates of 8 health indicators in 59 neighborhoods in New York City. Results. In separate adjusted ecological models, neighborh…
Neighborhood Characteristics and Change in Depressive Symptoms Among Older Residents of New York City
Objectives. We investigated the relationship between the depressive symptoms of older adults over time and the characteristics of the neighborhoods in which they live. Methods. We surveyed a random sample of 1325 New York City residents aged 50 years or older in 2005 and conducted 808 follow-up interviews in 2007. We assessed the compositional characteristics of the respondents' neighborhoods at a census-tract level and determined the relationshi…
Social Norms, Collective Efficacy, and Smoking Cessation in Urban Neighborhoods
Objectives. We examined the separate and combined relations of neighborhood-level social norms and collective efficacy with individuals’ cigarette smoking cessation. Methods. We modeled the hazard of quitting over a 5-year period among 863 smokers who participated in the 2005 New York Social Environment Study. Results. In adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, prohibitive neighborhood smoking norms were significantly associated with higher rate…
Alcohol Outlets and Binge Drinking in Urban Neighborhoods
Objectives. Alcohol outlet density has long been associated with alcohol-related harms, and policymakers have endorsed alcohol outlet restriction to reduce these harms. However, potential nonlinearity in the relation between outlet density and alcohol consumption has not been rigorously examined. Methods. We used data from the New York Social Environment Study (n = 4000) to examine the shape of the relation between neighborhood alcohol outlet den…
Predicting the Population Health Impacts of Community Interventions
A substitution estimator can be used to predict how shifts in population exposures might change health. We illustrated this method by estimating how an upper limit on alcohol outlet density might alter binge drinking in the New York Social Environment Study (n = 4000), and provided statistical code and sample data. The largest differences in binge drinking were for an upper limit of 70 outlets per square mile; there was a −0.7% difference in bing…
Navigating non-positivity in neighbourhood studies
BACKGROUND: In multilevel studies, strong correlations of neighbourhood exposures with individual and neighbourhood confounders may generate problems with non-positivity (ie, inferences that are 'off-support'). The authors used propensity restriction and matching to (1) assess the utility of propensity restriction to ensure analyses are 'on-support' and (2) examine the relation between collective efficacy and violence in a previously unstudied ci…
Predictors of firearm violence in urban communities
Firearm and Nonfirearm Violence After Operation Peacemaker Fellowship in Richmond, California, 1996–2016
Objectives. To evaluate whether the Operation Peacemaker Fellowship, an innovative firearm violence-prevention program implemented in Richmond, California, was associated with reductions in firearm and nonfirearm violence. Methods. We compiled city- and jurisdiction-level quarterly counts of violent firearm and nonfirearm incidents from statewide records of deaths from and hospital visits for homicide and assault (2005–2016) and from nationwide c…
A failure of resilience
Spatial Proximity to Incidents of Community Violence Is Associated with Fewer Suicides in Urban California
Collective efficacy, alcohol outlet density, and young men’s alcohol use in rural South Africa
Alcohol use contributes to morbidity and mortality in developing countries by increasing the risk of trauma and disease, including alcohol dependence. Limited research addresses determinants of alcohol use beyond the individual level in sub-Saharan Africa. We test the association of community collective efficacy and alcohol outlet density with young men's drinking in a cross-sectional, locally representative survey conducted in rural northeast So…
Longitudinal relation of community-level income inequality and mortality in Costa Rica
Minimum wage policy protects against suicide in the USA
Kaufman and colleagues have considered the relationship between minimum wage and suicide mortality in the USA.1 Overall, they found that a dollar increase in the minimum wage was related to a meaningful 3.4% decrease in suicide mortality for those of lower educational attainment. Interestingly, this is the third paper in recent months to address the question of how minimum wage affects suicide. Across these papers, there is a remarkable overall c…
Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans’ Experiences Living with their Parents after Separation from the Military
Personality and Social Class Position in Migration From an Island
On a Review of Paolozzi and Sedwick, Conversation in Italian
Carosello. A Cultural Reader
Celebrating Traditional Holidays in Public Schools
(1986). Celebrating Traditional Holidays in Public Schools: Books for Basic Values. The Social Studies: Vol. 77, No. 6, pp. 234-239
A Thanksgiving Quiz
Forma ed Evento nella Divina Commedia. Amilcare A. Iannucci
Literature and History—A Focus on the Era of the Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945)
(1997). Literature and History—A Focus on the Era of the Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945) The Social Studies: Vol. 88, No. 6, pp. 277-282
Psychological Sequelae of the September 11 Terrorist Attacks in New York City
BACKGROUND: The scope of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, was unprecedented in the United States. We assessed the prevalence and correlates of acute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among residents of Manhattan five to eight weeks after the attacks. METHODS: We used random-digit dialing to contact a representative sample of adults living south of 110th Street in Manhattan. Participants were asked about demographic …
Television Images and Psychological Symptoms after the September 11 Terrorist Attacks
Exposure to graphic television images may exacerbate psychological symptoms in disaster situations. We tested the hypotheses that (1) more frequent viewing of television images of the September 11 terrorist attacks was associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, and that (2) direct exposure to disaster events had an interactive effect with media viewing. We recruited 1,008 adult residents of the borough of Manhattan in Ne…
Relationship of Self-Reported Asthma Severity and Urgent Health Care Utilization to Psychological Sequelae of the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on the World Trade Center Among New York City Are…
OBJECTIVE: Posttraumatic psychological stress may be associated with increases in somatic illness, including asthma, but the impact of the psychological sequelae of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on physical illness has not been well documented. The authors assessed the relationship between the psychological sequelae of the attacks and asthma symptom severity and the utilization of urgent health care services for asthma since September …
Dante
The Association between Multiple Domains of Discrimination and Self‐assessed Health
Discrimination due to race and other attributes was a significant correlate of mental health among Latinos and blacks independent of other accepted determinants of health
The urban built environment and overdose mortality in New York City neighborhoods
Sustained Increased Consumption of Cigarettes, Alcohol, and Marijuana Among Manhattan Residents After September 11, 2001
We compared reports of increased substance use in Manhattan 1 and 6 months after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Data from 2 random-digit-dial surveys conducted 1 and 6 months after September 11 showed that 30.8% and 27.3% of respondents, respectively, reported increased use of cigarettes, alcohol, or marijuana. These sustained increases in substance use following the September 11 terrorist attacks suggest potential long-term health co…
Performing Medieval Narrative
Broad and wide-ranging survey of and investigation into the important question of whether medieval narrative was designed for performance.
Urban built environment and depression
Study objective: To assess the relations between characteristics of the neighbourhood internal and external built environment and past six month and lifetime depression. Design and setting: Depression and sociodemographic information were assessed in a cross sectional survey of residents of New York City (NYC). All respondents were geocoded to neighbourhood of residence. Data on the quality of the built environment in 59 NYC neighbourhoods were c…
Distribution of Education and Population Health
Objectives. We assessed the relationship between distribution of education and health indicators in a large urban area to determine if distribution of education may be a determinant of population health. Methods. We studied the association between distribution of education, measured with the education Gini coefficient, and rates of 8 health indicators in 59 neighborhoods in New York City. Results. In separate adjusted ecological models, neighborh…
A model of underlying socioeconomic vulnerability in human populations
A failure of resilience
Social context and depression after a disaster
Study objective: To examine the association between neighbourhood income inequality and depression, both overall and among those with different levels of income, in the post-disaster context. Design: A representative cross sectional random digit dial telephone survey was conducted. Setting: New York City (NYC) six months after September 11, 2001. Participants: 1570 respondents were interviewed, of whom 1355 provided residence information permitti…
Stigma, discrimination and the health of illicit drug users
What explains the association between neighborhood-level income inequality and the risk of fatal overdose in New York City
Galea and Ahern Respond
Moore et al. raise a concern about collinearity in our study, a concern that we shared when conducting this analysis. There are 2 distinct issues that merit discussion in relation to collinearity. First, when independent variables are strongly correlated, standard errors may be inflated and one of the independent variables may wash out the effect of the other. To examine whether these were problems in our analysis we calculated the bootstrap conf…
Population vulnerabilities and capacities related to health
Neighborhood Characteristics and Change in Depressive Symptoms Among Older Residents of New York City
Objectives. We investigated the relationship between the depressive symptoms of older adults over time and the characteristics of the neighborhoods in which they live. Methods. We surveyed a random sample of 1325 New York City residents aged 50 years or older in 2005 and conducted 808 follow-up interviews in 2007. We assessed the compositional characteristics of the respondents' neighborhoods at a census-tract level and determined the relationshi…
Medicine (44 obras) · Demography (30 obras) · Environmental health (30 obras) · Sociology (28 obras) · Psychology (24 obras) · Health disparities and outcomes (23 obras) · Population (22 obras) · Poison control (18 obras) · Gerontology (17 obras) · Demography (16 obras)