J Stockard
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 7280 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | J Stockard |
| NOMBRES | J |
| APELLIDO | Stockard |
| FIRMA | STOCKARD J |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Oregon |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6134-7233 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 44 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 225 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 44 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1976 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Generational variations in wellbeing
Over recent decades, the relative wellbeing of younger birth cohorts declined in many western countries, indicating growing generational inequality. Building on Durkheimian theory, this paper examines explanations for these changes, hypothesizing that differences in cohort wellbeing are related to variations in social integration associated with birth cohorts and national socio-political contexts. Age–period-specific suicide rates of men and wome…
They took it but didn't eat it
Salad bar selection patterns of elementary school children
The Threshold and Inclusive Approaches to Determining “Best Available Evidence”
Most evaluators have embraced the goal of evidence-based practice (EBP). Yet, many have criticized EBP review systems that prioritize randomized control trials and use various criteria to limit the studies examined. They suggest this could produce policy recommendations based on small, unrepresentative segments of the literature and recommend a more traditional, inclusive approach. This article reports two empirical studies assessing this critici…
Two Worlds of Obesity
Letter from the Co-editors
Do Smart-Growth Environments Benefit Single Mothers? Evidence from Thirty MSAs Using the American Housing Survey Data
This paper examines the relationship of smart-growth environments at the local and regional levels to neighborhood satisfaction for single mothers and parents in two-parent families. It employs mixed-models using an extensive data set with micro-level data for respondents from thirty U.S. metropolitan areas. Findings indicated differential impacts of smart-growth measures on satisfaction, with some having positive effects and others having negati…
Fulfilling the hope of Icwa
The Role of Life Experiences on Perceptions of Leisure During Adulthood
This study examined the life experiences of adults and their effect on perceptions of leisure. Data for this study came from A Study of Leisure during Adulthood (ASOLDA), a 10-year study of the values, attitudes, and perceived freedom in leisure of 84 adults. Individual growth curve modeling was used to explore patterns and change within leisure domains for the sample. Life structure predicted adults’ perceived freedom in leisure while life event…
Response to Ermisch, Martin, and Wu
Our recent paper in Demography (Gray, Stockard, and Stone 2006) has attracted the close scrutiny of several prominent academics. Three sets of formal comments, authored independently by Ermisch, Martin, and Wu (EMW), appear in this issue of Demography. In this response we argue that the analysis and evidence of our 2006 paper have withstood the scrutiny of EMW. In particular, we find that a substantial part of the rising share of nonmarital birth…
Race Differences in Cohort Effects on Non-Marital Fertilityin the United States
We appreciate opportunity to clarify and provide additional tests of key elements of our age-period-cohort analysis of non-marital birth rates in this March 2009 issue of Social Forces. Where Steve Martin, in his commentary, has suggested specific alternative specifications or interpretations of our findings, we have re-estimated and performed explicit tests of alternatives. In end we have demonstrated robustness of our results and strengthened c…
Race Differences in Cohort Effects on Non-Marital Fertility in the United States
We employ newly developed methods to disentangle age, period and cohort effects on non-marital fertility ratios from 1972 through 2002 for black and white women ages 20–44 in the United States. We focus on three cohort factors: family structure, school enrollment and the sex ratio. For both blacks and whites, cohorts with less traditional family structures have higher NFRs. Other results differ by race. The impact of school enrollment on NFRs is …
A Mixed Model Estimation of Age, Period, and Cohort Effects
For more than 30 years, sociologists and demographers have struggled to come to terms with the age, period, cohort conundrum: Given the linear dependency between age groups, periods, and cohorts, how can these effects be estimated separately? This article offers a partial solution to this problem. The authors treat cohort effects as random effects and age and period effects as fixed effects in a mixed model. Using this approach, they can (1) asse…
The Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Race-Ethnicity on Dental Health
This article examines the impact of race-ethnicity on dental health and the extent to which socioeconomic status (SES), routine dental care, and health-related behaviors mediate this relationship. The data used in this analysis are from the National Education and Health Survey III, a large national data set that incorporated professional dental examinations and personal interviews. Results indicate that both race-ethnicity and SES are independent…
Active Community Environments and Health
The literature suggests that individuals will be healthier if they live in Active Community Environments that promote exercise and activity. Two key elements of such environments are walkability and safety. Examining data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1994 and using a multilevel analysis, we found that individuals who live in counties that are more walkable and have lower crime rates tended to walk more and t…
The rising share of nonmarital births
Much of the sharp rise in the share of nonmarital births in the United States has been attributed to changes in the fertility choices of unmarried and married women—in response, it is often argued, to public policy. In contrast, we develop and test a model that attributes the rise to changes in marriage behavior, with no necessary changes in fertility. A variety of empirical tests strongly support this conclusion and invites focused attention to …
Cohort Variations in Suicide Rates among Families of Nations
Using data on age-specific suicide death rates from 19 modern nations and cohorts born as early as 1875–9, we find that two indicators of cohort-related social capital, relative cohort size and percentage of nonmarital births, are positively and significantly related to suicide rates. These effects are significantly stronger in the English-speaking family of nations, which have historically provided fewer political and social supports to families…
A Common Explanation for the Changing Age Distributions of Suicide and Homicide in the United States, 1930 to 2000
A longstanding debate focuses on whether suicide and homicide rates walk hand in hand or whether they are reciprocally related. Much of the research on this issue investigates whether suicide or homicide predominates in certain geographic areas or whether they trend together over time. We theorize that the degree of social integration and social regulation associated with birth cohorts is negatively related to both of these forms of lethal violen…
Development and Testing of a Short Form of the Patient Activation Measure
Objective. The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) is a 22‐item measure that assesses patient knowledge, skill, and confidence for self‐management. The measure was developed using Rasch analyses and is an interval level, unidimensional, Guttman‐like measure. The current analysis is aimed at reducing the number of items in the measure while maintaining adequate precision. Study Methods. We relied on an iterative use of Rasch analysis to identify item…
Development of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM)
Background. Controlling costs and achieving health care quality improvements require the participation of activated and informed consumers and patients. Objectives. We describe a process for conceptualizing and operationalizing what it means to be “activated” and delineate the process we used to develop a measure for assessing “activation,” and the psychometric properties of that measure. Methods. We used the convergence of the findings from a na…
Is Sprawl Unhealthy
This article addresses the contention that urban sprawl influences general health through physical activity, obesity, and the presence of chronic disease. Data on individual health is obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III study in 29 primary metropolitan statistical areas, and data on sprawl are from Ewing et al. Using hierarchical modeling, the results indicate that even with strong controls for individual variab…
Social Science, Social Policy, and Lethal Violence
It is the contention of this article that sociologists should be more involved in social policy discussions because of their deep concern and extensive knowledge about policy-related issues and their broad theoretical and methodological traditions. Recent work by Stockard and O'Brien on changing age distributions in lethal violence is used to illustrate that policy recommendations based on sociological research would be more universalistic and ef…
Variations in Age-Specific Homicide Death Rates
Cohort Variations and Changes in Age-Specific Suicide Rates over Time
Dramatic changes in the age distribution of suicide in the U.S. are associated with variations in the demographic characteristics of birth cohorts. Using an age-period-cohort-characteristic model, we show that cohort characteristics theoretically linked to integration and regulation have substantively strong and statistically significant relationships with changes in age-specific suicide rates from 1930 to 1995. Members of relatively large cohort…
Cohort Effects on Suicide Rates
Recently, the long observed pattern of a monotonic increase in suicide with age has shifted, often dramatically, because more recent birth cohorts have exhibited much higher suicide rates at younger ages than earlier cohorts have. These changes, however, did not occur in all countries. We examine cohort variations in suicide rates in 14 modern, western societies using an extension of the age-period-cohort characteristic model that incorporates hi…
The Enduring Effects of Cohort Characteristics on Age-Specific Homicide Rates, 1960-1995
In the past decade, young people in the United States have been two to three times more likely than in the two previous decades to commit homicides, while those 25 years and older have been less likely to commit homicides than were members of their age groups in the earlier time period. These changes in youth homicide rates are associated with two cohort characteristics that are theoretically linked to criminality: relative size of cohorts and th…
Physical Attractiveness, Opportunity, and Success in Everyday Exchange
The role of perceived physical attractiveness in everyday exchange is addressed using a laboratory paradigm that examines both play–versus–not–play and cooperate–versus–defect choices in an ecology of available prisoner's dilemma games. The analysis considers the actions of both subject and other in encounters where exchange relationships are possible and include perceptions of others' and own physical attractiveness. Results indicate that subjec…
Is Sprawl Unhealthy
This article addresses the contention that urban sprawl influences general health through physical activity, obesity, and the presence of chronic disease. Data on individual health is obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III study in 29 primary metropolitan statistical areas, and data on sprawl are from Ewing et al. Using hierarchical modeling, the results indicate that even with strong controls for individual variab…
Cohort Effects on Suicide Rates
Recently, the long observed pattern of a monotonic increase in suicide with age has shifted, often dramatically, because more recent birth cohorts have exhibited much higher suicide rates at younger ages than earlier cohorts have. These changes, however, did not occur in all countries. We examine cohort variations in suicide rates in 14 modern, western societies using an extension of the age-period-cohort characteristic model that incorporates hi…
Cohort Variations and Changes in Age-Specific Suicide Rates over Time
Dramatic changes in the age distribution of suicide in the U.S. are associated with variations in the demographic characteristics of birth cohorts. Using an age-period-cohort-characteristic model, we show that cohort characteristics theoretically linked to integration and regulation have substantively strong and statistically significant relationships with changes in age-specific suicide rates from 1930 to 1995. Members of relatively large cohort…
A Mixed Model Estimation of Age, Period, and Cohort Effects
For more than 30 years, sociologists and demographers have struggled to come to terms with the age, period, cohort conundrum: Given the linear dependency between age groups, periods, and cohorts, how can these effects be estimated separately? This article offers a partial solution to this problem. The authors treat cohort effects as random effects and age and period effects as fixed effects in a mixed model. Using this approach, they can (1) asse…
Measuring gender differences
A Common Explanation for the Changing Age Distributions of Suicide and Homicide in the United States, 1930 to 2000
A longstanding debate focuses on whether suicide and homicide rates walk hand in hand or whether they are reciprocally related. Much of the research on this issue investigates whether suicide or homicide predominates in certain geographic areas or whether they trend together over time. We theorize that the degree of social integration and social regulation associated with birth cohorts is negatively related to both of these forms of lethal violen…
The rising share of nonmarital births
Much of the sharp rise in the share of nonmarital births in the United States has been attributed to changes in the fertility choices of unmarried and married women—in response, it is often argued, to public policy. In contrast, we develop and test a model that attributes the rise to changes in marriage behavior, with no necessary changes in fertility. A variety of empirical tests strongly support this conclusion and invites focused attention to …
The social origins of male dominance
Variations in Age-Specific Homicide Death Rates
Sex role identity and self-esteem
The Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Race-Ethnicity on Dental Health
This article examines the impact of race-ethnicity on dental health and the extent to which socioeconomic status (SES), routine dental care, and health-related behaviors mediate this relationship. The data used in this analysis are from the National Education and Health Survey III, a large national data set that incorporated professional dental examinations and personal interviews. Results indicate that both race-ethnicity and SES are independent…
Gender Roles and Behavior in Social Dilemmas
Jean Stockard, Alphons J. C. van de Kragt, Patricia J. Dodge, Gender Roles and Behavior in Social Dilemmas: Are There Sex Differences in Cooperation and in Its Justification?, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 51, No. 2 (Jun., 1988), pp. 154-163
Cohort Variations in Suicide Rates among Families of Nations
Using data on age-specific suicide death rates from 19 modern nations and cohorts born as early as 1875–9, we find that two indicators of cohort-related social capital, relative cohort size and percentage of nonmarital births, are positively and significantly related to suicide rates. These effects are significantly stronger in the English-speaking family of nations, which have historically provided fewer political and social supports to families…
The Myth of Female Underachievement
This paper examines sex differences in academic underachievement among students who graduated from high school in a western city in 1978. According to data gathered from students’ cumulative records for the 7th through 12th grades, males are much more likely than females to have total grade averages and grades in English and mathematics that are lower than would be predicted by their scores on standardized tests of ability. Although the highest a…
Salad bar selection patterns of elementary school children
The Threshold and Inclusive Approaches to Determining “Best Available Evidence”
Most evaluators have embraced the goal of evidence-based practice (EBP). Yet, many have criticized EBP review systems that prioritize randomized control trials and use various criteria to limit the studies examined. They suggest this could produce policy recommendations based on small, unrepresentative segments of the literature and recommend a more traditional, inclusive approach. This article reports two empirical studies assessing this critici…
Two Worlds of Obesity
Do Smart-Growth Environments Benefit Single Mothers? Evidence from Thirty MSAs Using the American Housing Survey Data
This paper examines the relationship of smart-growth environments at the local and regional levels to neighborhood satisfaction for single mothers and parents in two-parent families. It employs mixed-models using an extensive data set with micro-level data for respondents from thirty U.S. metropolitan areas. Findings indicated differential impacts of smart-growth measures on satisfaction, with some having positive effects and others having negati…
The Role of Life Experiences on Perceptions of Leisure During Adulthood
This study examined the life experiences of adults and their effect on perceptions of leisure. Data for this study came from A Study of Leisure during Adulthood (ASOLDA), a 10-year study of the values, attitudes, and perceived freedom in leisure of 84 adults. Individual growth curve modeling was used to explore patterns and change within leisure domains for the sample. Life structure predicted adults’ perceived freedom in leisure while life event…
Sexual preference, feminism, and women's perceptions of their parents
Fulfilling the hope of Icwa
Response to Ermisch, Martin, and Wu
Our recent paper in Demography (Gray, Stockard, and Stone 2006) has attracted the close scrutiny of several prominent academics. Three sets of formal comments, authored independently by Ermisch, Martin, and Wu (EMW), appear in this issue of Demography. In this response we argue that the analysis and evidence of our 2006 paper have withstood the scrutiny of EMW. In particular, we find that a substantial part of the rising share of nonmarital birth…
Race Differences in Cohort Effects on Non-Marital Fertility in the United States
We employ newly developed methods to disentangle age, period and cohort effects on non-marital fertility ratios from 1972 through 2002 for black and white women ages 20–44 in the United States. We focus on three cohort factors: family structure, school enrollment and the sex ratio. For both blacks and whites, cohorts with less traditional family structures have higher NFRs. Other results differ by race. The impact of school enrollment on NFRs is …
The Future of Motherhood. Jessie Bernard
The social origins of male dominance
Developing Attitudes Toward the Role of Women
Sexual preference, feminism, and women's perceptions of their parents
All Things Bright and Beautiful? A Sociological Study of Infants' Classrooms
Sex Roles
At Last, Sociology Meets Sex
Variations in subjective culture
The Myth of Female Underachievement
This paper examines sex differences in academic underachievement among students who graduated from high school in a western city in 1978. According to data gathered from students’ cumulative records for the 7th through 12th grades, males are much more likely than females to have total grade averages and grades in English and mathematics that are lower than would be predicted by their scores on standardized tests of ability. Although the highest a…
Minorities and Women in Sociology in the Pacific Region
In commenting on the results of the five-year follow-up study of minorities and women in sociology in the Pacific region, policy considerations and research needs are cited. The need for regular systematic surveys, exploring equity in employment of sociologists outside academia, and other methods of studying the issue are discussed
Measuring gender differences
Gender Roles and Behavior in Social Dilemmas
Jean Stockard, Alphons J. C. van de Kragt, Patricia J. Dodge, Gender Roles and Behavior in Social Dilemmas: Are There Sex Differences in Cooperation and in Its Justification?, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 51, No. 2 (Jun., 1988), pp. 154-163
The New Era of Home-Based Work
The Changing Lives of American Women
The authors identify basic features of womens changing lives from greater personal control over life outcomes to their greater independence relative to family claims and sum up the general picture with a concept of the woman as a primary individual. This story focuses on the women who married and gave birth to children in the baby boom of postwar America the women of the baby-boom generation itself and their daughters who are encountering a perio…
Gender Equity
Sex role identity and self-esteem
Physical Attractiveness, Opportunity, and Success in Everyday Exchange
The role of perceived physical attractiveness in everyday exchange is addressed using a laboratory paradigm that examines both play–versus–not–play and cooperate–versus–defect choices in an ecology of available prisoner's dilemma games. The analysis considers the actions of both subject and other in encounters where exchange relationships are possible and include perceptions of others' and own physical attractiveness. Results indicate that subjec…
The Enduring Effects of Cohort Characteristics on Age-Specific Homicide Rates, 1960-1995
In the past decade, young people in the United States have been two to three times more likely than in the two previous decades to commit homicides, while those 25 years and older have been less likely to commit homicides than were members of their age groups in the earlier time period. These changes in youth homicide rates are associated with two cohort characteristics that are theoretically linked to criminality: relative size of cohorts and th…
Moving from Sect to Church
Jean Stockard, Susie C. Stanley, Benton Johnson, Moving from Sect to Church: Variations in Views regarding Sanctification among Wesleyan/Holiness Clergy, Review of Religious Research, Vol. 43, No. 1 (Sep., 2001), pp. 70-92
Variations in Age-Specific Homicide Death Rates
Cohort Variations and Changes in Age-Specific Suicide Rates over Time
Dramatic changes in the age distribution of suicide in the U.S. are associated with variations in the demographic characteristics of birth cohorts. Using an age-period-cohort-characteristic model, we show that cohort characteristics theoretically linked to integration and regulation have substantively strong and statistically significant relationships with changes in age-specific suicide rates from 1930 to 1995. Members of relatively large cohort…
Cohort Effects on Suicide Rates
Recently, the long observed pattern of a monotonic increase in suicide with age has shifted, often dramatically, because more recent birth cohorts have exhibited much higher suicide rates at younger ages than earlier cohorts have. These changes, however, did not occur in all countries. We examine cohort variations in suicide rates in 14 modern, western societies using an extension of the age-period-cohort characteristic model that incorporates hi…
Social Science, Social Policy, and Lethal Violence
It is the contention of this article that sociologists should be more involved in social policy discussions because of their deep concern and extensive knowledge about policy-related issues and their broad theoretical and methodological traditions. Recent work by Stockard and O'Brien on changing age distributions in lethal violence is used to illustrate that policy recommendations based on sociological research would be more universalistic and ef…
Development of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM)
Background. Controlling costs and achieving health care quality improvements require the participation of activated and informed consumers and patients. Objectives. We describe a process for conceptualizing and operationalizing what it means to be “activated” and delineate the process we used to develop a measure for assessing “activation,” and the psychometric properties of that measure. Methods. We used the convergence of the findings from a na…
Is Sprawl Unhealthy
This article addresses the contention that urban sprawl influences general health through physical activity, obesity, and the presence of chronic disease. Data on individual health is obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III study in 29 primary metropolitan statistical areas, and data on sprawl are from Ewing et al. Using hierarchical modeling, the results indicate that even with strong controls for individual variab…
Psychology (30 obras) · Sociology (28 obras) · Medicine (22 obras) · Demography (14 obras) · Political science (13 obras) · Demography (11 obras) · Developmental psychology (11 obras) · Cohort (9 obras) · Population (9 obras) · Social Psychology (9 obras)