Sharon Inkela
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 735584 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Sharon Inkela |
| NOMBRES | Sharon |
| APELLIDO | Inkela |
| FIRMA | INKELA S |
| AFILIACIONES | University of California, Berkeley |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1960-4109 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 29 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 115 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 29 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1988 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2020 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Modeling Vowel Quantity Scales in Q Theory
A growing body of research suggests that vowels vary in degree of strength. These strength differences are borne out in the degree to which these segments undergo or trigger phonological processes such as stress assignment or harmony. Traditionally, this variability has been accounted for through binary differences in phonological representations, such as presence or absence of a segment in the underlying representation, presence or absence of a …
Cophonologies by Ph(r)ase
Phonological alternations are often specific to morphosyntactic context. For example, stress shift in English occurs in the presence of some suffixes, -al , but not others, -ing : "Equation missing", "Equation missing", "Equation missing". In some cases a phonological process applies only in words of certain lexical categories. Previous theories have stipulated that such morphosyntactically conditioned phonology is word-bounded. In this paper we …
Autosegmental Aims in Surface-Optimizing Phonology
We develop a novel optimization approach to tone. Its grammatical component consists of the similarity- and proximity-based correspondence constraint framework of Agreement by Correspondence theory (ABC). Its representational component, Q Theory, decomposes segments ( Q) into temporally ordered, quantized subsegments ( q), which comprise unitary sets of distinctive features, including tone. ABC+Q unites phonological alternations and static lexica…
Prosodic Constituency in the Lexicon
The Represention of Invisibility
Directionality effects via distance-based penalty scaling
In this paper we develop a new proposal for distance-based penalty scaling in Optimality-theoretic analyses, including Harmonic Grammar. We apply this technique to the analysis of two phonological phenomena, both of which have posed challenges to implementation using standard constraint-based methods: directionality effects and bounded domain windows. In the analysis of directionality, we demonstrate how our approach can model challenge direction…
Looking into Segments
This paper outlines Q theory, in which the traditional segment (consonant, vowel) is decomposed into a string of three ordered subsegments, or q, representing the onset, target, and offset of the segment. The postulation of subsegmental structure permits the representation of complex (contour) segments as well as subtle contrasts in segment-internal changes of state. Q Theory synthesizes insights from Autosegmental Phonology, Aperture Theory, and…
Morphologically-conditioned tonotactics in multilevel Maximum Entropy grammar
This paper presents a novel approach to probabilistic morphologically-conditioned tonotactics, featuring a case study of Mende, in which tonotactics vary by lexical category. This variation in surface tone patterns is modeled via indexed weight adjustments (i.e., varying slopes) for each constraint in a Maximum Entropy Harmonic Grammar, quantifying the degree to which each lexical class follows basic tonotactic principles in a common base grammar…
The A-map model
This article addresses a phenomenon of long-standing interest: the existence of child-specific phonological patterns that are not attested in adult language. We propose a new theoretical approach, termed the A( rticulatory )- map model, to account for the origin and elimination of child-specific phonological patterns. Due to the performance limitations imposed by structural and motor immaturity, children's outputs differ from adult target forms i…
What is Reduplication? Typology and Analysis Part 2/2
Reduplication has played a central role in the development of phonological theories for 30 years. The introduction of the classical optimality theory (OT) in the 1990s sparked intensive research into the typology and analysis of reduplicative patterns, as reduplication was a key testing area both for OT and for theories critical of OT. Now, after some 20 years of research within the OT model, it is appropriate to assess the leading ideas on redup…
What is Reduplication? Typology and Analysis Part 1/2
Reduplication has played a central role in the development of phonological theories for 30 years. The introduction of Classical Optimality Theory (OT) in the 1990s sparked intensive research into the typology and analysis of reduplicative patterns, as reduplication was a key testing area both for OT and for theories critical of OT. Now, after some 20 years of research within the OT model, it is appropriate to assess the leading ideas on reduplica…
A Subsegmental Correspondence Approach to Contour Tone (Dis)Harmony Patterns
Contour tones, like contour segments, exhibit dualist syntagmatic behavior: as whole units, they can participate in harmony (spreading) and disharmony (OCP-type restriction) processes or their internal, subsegmental components may act independently. Formally, such schizoid behavior from both contour tones and segments in (dis)harmony patterns has challenged previous phonological theory. As a solution, this paper presents a novel, quantized phonol…
Testing the Learnability of Writing Systems
In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:The world’s sound-based writing systems differ according to the size of the typical speech chunk which is mapped to a symbol: the phone, in so-called alphabetic writing systems, and the mora, demisyllable or syllable, in so-called syllabaries. This paper reports the results of an artificial learning study designed to test whether the acoustic stability of the speech chunks mapped to symbols is a fac…
Word construction
The Morphology-Phonology Connection
The dual theory of reduplication
This article argues that the fundamental typological distinction pertaining to reduplication is that between phonological duplication and morphological doubling (the Dual Theory of reduplication). Phonological duplication, which occurs for a phonological purpose such as providing an onset or nucleus for a syllable or filling in the featural content of an otherwise unspecified timing unit in the representation, is formally related to phonological …
Is grammar dependence real? A comparison between cophonological and indexed constraint approaches to morphologically conditioned phonology
This article compares and contrasts cophonology theory and indexed constraint theory, the dominant current proposals to morphologically conditioned phonology. In cophonology theory, morphologically conditioned phonology is captured by associating each morphological construction or lexical class with its own phonological grammar, or cophonology. All constraints within a given cophonology are purely phonological; no constraint directly refers to mo…
Positional Neutralization
A new longitudinal diary study of a child (E) learning American English reveals two patterns of segmental neutralization: velar fronting, in which /k/ and /g/ are realized as [t] and [d], and lateral gliding, in which /l/ is realized as [j]. Both phenomena are restricted to prosodically strong positions, affecting only consonants in word-initial position or in the onsets of stressed syllables. An explanation for positional velar fronting that com…
Reduplication
This groundbreaking new study takes a novel approach to reduplication, a phenomenon whereby languages use repetition to create new words. Sharon Inkelas and Cheryl Zoll argue that the driving force in reduplication is identity at the morphosyntactic, not the phonological level, and present a new model of reduplication - Morphological Doubling Theory - that derives the full range of reduplication patterns. This approach shifts the focus away from …
Turkish stress
This work evaluates an argument recently made in these pages by Kabak & Vogel (2001) to the effect that the analysis of Turkish which they develop is superior on theoretical grounds to that of past accounts. Kabak & Vogel explicitly contrast their account to that offered in two recent, comprehensive discussions of Turkish stress by Inkelas & Orgun (1998) and Inkelas (1999). Careful consideration of the data discussed by Kabak & Vogel and by Inkel…
J's rhymes
A longitudinal study of one child aged 2;5 documents an invented language game consisting of suffixal reduplication and onset replacement. Initially, reduplication is partial: the reduplicant enlarges in discrete increments over the five stages of the game until by the last stage reduplication is total. Reduplication is accompanied by a process of onset replacement, in which the reduplicant always begins with /b/. Early in the game, this replaciv…
The interaction of phrase and word rules in Turkish
Les etudes precedentes sur la theorie de la hierarchie prosodique supposent implicitement que les regles s'appliquant aux domaines prosodiques plus petits precedent les regles s'appliquant aux domaines plus larges ; ainsi, la phonologie du mot doit preceder la phonologie du syntagme. Toutefois, le turc presente un paradoxe apparent pour ce systeme naturel d'agencement : l'affectation de l'accent de mot est alimentee par la syllabation syntagmatiq…
Level Ordering and Economy in the Lexical Phonology of Turkish
We support the theory of level ordering by demonstrating, on the basis of productive morphology and phonology, that Turkish has four lexical levels. The evidence, however, motivates modifications in the way level ordering is implemented. The first is the principle of Level Economy, according to which a form is subject to the phonology only of those levels at which it is morphologically derived. The second is level prespecification, which exempts …
On looking into words (and beyond)
On Looking into Words is a wide-ranging volume spanning current research into word structure and morphology, with a focus on historical linguistics and linguistic theory. The papers are offered as a tribute to Stephen R. Anderson, the Dorothy R. Diebold Professor of Linguistics at Yale, who is retiring at the end of the 2016-2017 academic year. The contributors are friends, colleagues, and former students of Professor Anderson, all important cont…
Reduplication
Is grammar dependence real? A comparison between cophonological and indexed constraint approaches to morphologically conditioned phonology
This article compares and contrasts cophonology theory and indexed constraint theory, the dominant current proposals to morphologically conditioned phonology. In cophonology theory, morphologically conditioned phonology is captured by associating each morphological construction or lexical class with its own phonological grammar, or cophonology. All constraints within a given cophonology are purely phonological; no constraint directly refers to mo…
Level Ordering and Economy in the Lexical Phonology of Turkish
We support the theory of level ordering by demonstrating, on the basis of productive morphology and phonology, that Turkish has four lexical levels. The evidence, however, motivates modifications in the way level ordering is implemented. The first is the principle of Level Economy, according to which a form is subject to the phonology only of those levels at which it is morphologically derived. The second is level prespecification, which exempts …
Nimboran position class morphology
Serbo-Croatian Pitch Accent
This article develops an autosegmental account of tone and stress in Serbo-Croatian. The traditional four accents of Serbo-Croatian are decomposed into two independent subcomponents within the accentual system: tone and stress. While tone participates in lexical contrasts, the location of stress is predictable from that of tone, and in this respect Serbo-Croatian represents a previously unattested type of pitch-accent language. The analysis exten…
Cophonologies by Ph(r)ase
Phonological alternations are often specific to morphosyntactic context. For example, stress shift in English occurs in the presence of some suffixes, -al , but not others, -ing : "Equation missing", "Equation missing", "Equation missing". In some cases a phonological process applies only in words of certain lexical categories. Previous theories have stipulated that such morphosyntactically conditioned phonology is word-bounded. In this paper we …
Positional Neutralization
A new longitudinal diary study of a child (E) learning American English reveals two patterns of segmental neutralization: velar fronting, in which /k/ and /g/ are realized as [t] and [d], and lateral gliding, in which /l/ is realized as [j]. Both phenomena are restricted to prosodically strong positions, affecting only consonants in word-initial position or in the onsets of stressed syllables. An explanation for positional velar fronting that com…
Word construction
The dual theory of reduplication
This article argues that the fundamental typological distinction pertaining to reduplication is that between phonological duplication and morphological doubling (the Dual Theory of reduplication). Phonological duplication, which occurs for a phonological purpose such as providing an onset or nucleus for a syllable or filling in the featural content of an otherwise unspecified timing unit in the representation, is formally related to phonological …
Inalterability as Prespecification
‘Geminate inalterability’ is the well-known phenomenon whereby a rule affecting singleton segments fails to alter comparable geminates. Past accounts have attributed inalterability to geminate-specific constraints on rule application. Two new generalizations point in a radically different direction. First, rules respecting inalterability are purely structure-filling (never structure-changing). Second, inalterability occurs also among singletons. …
Autosegmental Aims in Surface-Optimizing Phonology
We develop a novel optimization approach to tone. Its grammatical component consists of the similarity- and proximity-based correspondence constraint framework of Agreement by Correspondence theory (ABC). Its representational component, Q Theory, decomposes segments ( Q) into temporally ordered, quantized subsegments ( q), which comprise unitary sets of distinctive features, including tone. ABC+Q unites phonological alternations and static lexica…
The A-map model
This article addresses a phenomenon of long-standing interest: the existence of child-specific phonological patterns that are not attested in adult language. We propose a new theoretical approach, termed the A( rticulatory )- map model, to account for the origin and elimination of child-specific phonological patterns. Due to the performance limitations imposed by structural and motor immaturity, children's outputs differ from adult target forms i…
What is Reduplication? Typology and Analysis Part 2/2
Reduplication has played a central role in the development of phonological theories for 30 years. The introduction of the classical optimality theory (OT) in the 1990s sparked intensive research into the typology and analysis of reduplicative patterns, as reduplication was a key testing area both for OT and for theories critical of OT. Now, after some 20 years of research within the OT model, it is appropriate to assess the leading ideas on redup…
What is Reduplication? Typology and Analysis Part 1/2
Reduplication has played a central role in the development of phonological theories for 30 years. The introduction of Classical Optimality Theory (OT) in the 1990s sparked intensive research into the typology and analysis of reduplicative patterns, as reduplication was a key testing area both for OT and for theories critical of OT. Now, after some 20 years of research within the OT model, it is appropriate to assess the leading ideas on reduplica…
Serbo-Croatian Pitch Accent
This article develops an autosegmental account of tone and stress in Serbo-Croatian. The traditional four accents of Serbo-Croatian are decomposed into two independent subcomponents within the accentual system: tone and stress. While tone participates in lexical contrasts, the location of stress is predictable from that of tone, and in this respect Serbo-Croatian represents a previously unattested type of pitch-accent language. The analysis exten…
The Place of Level-Ordering in Morphology
Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on The Place of Morphology in a Grammar (1992), pp. 365-379
Nimboran position class morphology
Inalterability as Prespecification
‘Geminate inalterability’ is the well-known phenomenon whereby a rule affecting singleton segments fails to alter comparable geminates. Past accounts have attributed inalterability to geminate-specific constraints on rule application. Two new generalizations point in a radically different direction. First, rules respecting inalterability are purely structure-filling (never structure-changing). Second, inalterability occurs also among singletons. …
Level Ordering and Economy in the Lexical Phonology of Turkish
We support the theory of level ordering by demonstrating, on the basis of productive morphology and phonology, that Turkish has four lexical levels. The evidence, however, motivates modifications in the way level ordering is implemented. The first is the principle of Level Economy, according to which a form is subject to the phonology only of those levels at which it is morphologically derived. The second is level prespecification, which exempts …
The interaction of phrase and word rules in Turkish
Les etudes precedentes sur la theorie de la hierarchie prosodique supposent implicitement que les regles s'appliquant aux domaines prosodiques plus petits precedent les regles s'appliquant aux domaines plus larges ; ainsi, la phonologie du mot doit preceder la phonologie du syntagme. Toutefois, le turc presente un paradoxe apparent pour ce systeme naturel d'agencement : l'affectation de l'accent de mot est alimentee par la syllabation syntagmatiq…
Turkish stress
This work evaluates an argument recently made in these pages by Kabak & Vogel (2001) to the effect that the analysis of Turkish which they develop is superior on theoretical grounds to that of past accounts. Kabak & Vogel explicitly contrast their account to that offered in two recent, comprehensive discussions of Turkish stress by Inkelas & Orgun (1998) and Inkelas (1999). Careful consideration of the data discussed by Kabak & Vogel and by Inkel…
J's rhymes
A longitudinal study of one child aged 2;5 documents an invented language game consisting of suffixal reduplication and onset replacement. Initially, reduplication is partial: the reduplicant enlarges in discrete increments over the five stages of the game until by the last stage reduplication is total. Reduplication is accompanied by a process of onset replacement, in which the reduplicant always begins with /b/. Early in the game, this replaciv…
Reduplication
This groundbreaking new study takes a novel approach to reduplication, a phenomenon whereby languages use repetition to create new words. Sharon Inkelas and Cheryl Zoll argue that the driving force in reduplication is identity at the morphosyntactic, not the phonological level, and present a new model of reduplication - Morphological Doubling Theory - that derives the full range of reduplication patterns. This approach shifts the focus away from …
Is grammar dependence real? A comparison between cophonological and indexed constraint approaches to morphologically conditioned phonology
This article compares and contrasts cophonology theory and indexed constraint theory, the dominant current proposals to morphologically conditioned phonology. In cophonology theory, morphologically conditioned phonology is captured by associating each morphological construction or lexical class with its own phonological grammar, or cophonology. All constraints within a given cophonology are purely phonological; no constraint directly refers to mo…
Positional Neutralization
A new longitudinal diary study of a child (E) learning American English reveals two patterns of segmental neutralization: velar fronting, in which /k/ and /g/ are realized as [t] and [d], and lateral gliding, in which /l/ is realized as [j]. Both phenomena are restricted to prosodically strong positions, affecting only consonants in word-initial position or in the onsets of stressed syllables. An explanation for positional velar fronting that com…
The Morphology-Phonology Connection
The dual theory of reduplication
This article argues that the fundamental typological distinction pertaining to reduplication is that between phonological duplication and morphological doubling (the Dual Theory of reduplication). Phonological duplication, which occurs for a phonological purpose such as providing an onset or nucleus for a syllable or filling in the featural content of an otherwise unspecified timing unit in the representation, is formally related to phonological …
Testing the Learnability of Writing Systems
In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:The world’s sound-based writing systems differ according to the size of the typical speech chunk which is mapped to a symbol: the phone, in so-called alphabetic writing systems, and the mora, demisyllable or syllable, in so-called syllabaries. This paper reports the results of an artificial learning study designed to test whether the acoustic stability of the speech chunks mapped to symbols is a fac…
Word construction
A Subsegmental Correspondence Approach to Contour Tone (Dis)Harmony Patterns
Contour tones, like contour segments, exhibit dualist syntagmatic behavior: as whole units, they can participate in harmony (spreading) and disharmony (OCP-type restriction) processes or their internal, subsegmental components may act independently. Formally, such schizoid behavior from both contour tones and segments in (dis)harmony patterns has challenged previous phonological theory. As a solution, this paper presents a novel, quantized phonol…
What is Reduplication? Typology and Analysis Part 2/2
Reduplication has played a central role in the development of phonological theories for 30 years. The introduction of the classical optimality theory (OT) in the 1990s sparked intensive research into the typology and analysis of reduplicative patterns, as reduplication was a key testing area both for OT and for theories critical of OT. Now, after some 20 years of research within the OT model, it is appropriate to assess the leading ideas on redup…
What is Reduplication? Typology and Analysis Part 1/2
Reduplication has played a central role in the development of phonological theories for 30 years. The introduction of Classical Optimality Theory (OT) in the 1990s sparked intensive research into the typology and analysis of reduplicative patterns, as reduplication was a key testing area both for OT and for theories critical of OT. Now, after some 20 years of research within the OT model, it is appropriate to assess the leading ideas on reduplica…
Morphologically-conditioned tonotactics in multilevel Maximum Entropy grammar
This paper presents a novel approach to probabilistic morphologically-conditioned tonotactics, featuring a case study of Mende, in which tonotactics vary by lexical category. This variation in surface tone patterns is modeled via indexed weight adjustments (i.e., varying slopes) for each constraint in a Maximum Entropy Harmonic Grammar, quantifying the degree to which each lexical class follows basic tonotactic principles in a common base grammar…
The A-map model
This article addresses a phenomenon of long-standing interest: the existence of child-specific phonological patterns that are not attested in adult language. We propose a new theoretical approach, termed the A( rticulatory )- map model, to account for the origin and elimination of child-specific phonological patterns. Due to the performance limitations imposed by structural and motor immaturity, children's outputs differ from adult target forms i…
Looking into Segments
This paper outlines Q theory, in which the traditional segment (consonant, vowel) is decomposed into a string of three ordered subsegments, or q, representing the onset, target, and offset of the segment. The postulation of subsegmental structure permits the representation of complex (contour) segments as well as subtle contrasts in segment-internal changes of state. Q Theory synthesizes insights from Autosegmental Phonology, Aperture Theory, and…
Prosodic Constituency in the Lexicon
The Represention of Invisibility
Directionality effects via distance-based penalty scaling
In this paper we develop a new proposal for distance-based penalty scaling in Optimality-theoretic analyses, including Harmonic Grammar. We apply this technique to the analysis of two phonological phenomena, both of which have posed challenges to implementation using standard constraint-based methods: directionality effects and bounded domain windows. In the analysis of directionality, we demonstrate how our approach can model challenge direction…
Autosegmental Aims in Surface-Optimizing Phonology
We develop a novel optimization approach to tone. Its grammatical component consists of the similarity- and proximity-based correspondence constraint framework of Agreement by Correspondence theory (ABC). Its representational component, Q Theory, decomposes segments ( Q) into temporally ordered, quantized subsegments ( q), which comprise unitary sets of distinctive features, including tone. ABC+Q unites phonological alternations and static lexica…
Linguistics (26 obras) · Computer Science (22 obras) · Phonetics and Phonology Research (22 obras) · Philosophy (21 obras) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (14 obras) · Phonology (14 obras) · Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation (14 obras) · Mathematics (12 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (10 obras) · Natural Language Processing Techniques (8 obras)