Quan Hua
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 73609 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Quan Hua |
| NOMBRES | Quan |
| APELLIDO | Hua |
| FIRMA | HUA Q |
| AFILIACIONES | Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0179-8539 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 52 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 850 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 52 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1995 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Collaborative archaeological research reveals 1000 years of sustained Butchulla mollusc harvesting and cultural resilience on the largest sand island in the world, K’gari, Australia
Indigenous island and coastal occupation of southeast Queensland has been one of the most intensively studied topics in Australian archaeology. Indeed, the region possesses the best documented coastal archaeological record in the country. Yet the most famous and iconic landscape in this region, K’gari (Fraser Island) World Heritage Area in Butchulla Country, has been comparatively less studied. Here we present a new and detailed radiocarbon chron…
Freshwater reservoir effect for mollusks in the lower and central Murray River, Australia
Since the 1950s, archaeological research conducted along the middle reaches of the Murray River has relied on radiocarbon dating of freshwater mollusk shell to establish the chronology of human occupation within this region as well as support larger models of human occupation timing within Australia. Despite this, there has been no investigation into the potential freshwater reservoir effect (FRE) for the middle reaches of the Murray River. In th…
Late Quaternary environments of Nicholas Swamp, Nicholas Range, eastern Tasmania/Lutruwita, Australia
Late Quaternary environmental records from Tasmania (Aboriginal name Lutruwita) are geographically biased to the western areas of the island, with most records from eastern Tasmania generally covering the Holocene to Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) period. This paper provides new insight into pre-LGM landscapes for this region through the palaeoecological and geochemical analysis of sediment core samples from Nicholas Swamp, Eastern Highlands, Tasmani…
Microfossil starch provides the first evidence for introduced taro (Colocasia esculenta) on the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, commencing c. 1800 cal. BP
Introduced taro (Colocasia esculenta) is assumed to have been ubiquitous in pre-contact societies across Oceania. However, there are few reports of direct, botanical evidence for its presence in Micronesia during this time. Here we report starch analysis of soil/sediment samples from Ebon Atoll in the Marshall Islands, eastern Micronesia. Starch grains, xylem cells, and calcium oxalate crystals of cf. taro were found at three sites, in habitation…
Michael Francis Barbetti (1945–2019)
Technological Trajectories in Iron Smelting
Loose change? Evaluating the roles of Chinese coins in the Angkorian Khmer Empire
Interactions with China and India played an important part in the development of the Angkorian Khmer Empire. Recent discovery of several Chinese coins at the regional centre of Preah Khan of Kompong Svay provides an opportunity to see how these objects were used in Angkor’s moneyless economy. The broader distribution and function of Chinese coins in Southeast Asia is evaluated before examining why so few examples have been discovered in Cambodia.…
Sacred offerings and secular foods on Reao Atoll, Tuamotu Archipelago, East Polynesia
In 1976, Yosihiko H. Sinoto conducted extensive archaeological survey and excavations on Reao Atoll, Tuamotu Archipelago as part of a Japanese, multi‐disciplinary expedition led by Prof. Sachiko Hatanaka. Primarily excavating three marae and four habitation sites totalling ∼180 m 2 , more than 25000 vertebrate remains were recovered. We report the jidentification and analysis of the fauna and contrast the inventories from secular and sacred conte…
Development of the Intcal Database
The IntCal family of radiocarbon ( 14 C) calibration curves is based on research spanning more than three decades. The IntCal group have collated the 14 C and calendar age data (mostly derived from primary publications with other types of data and meta-data) and, since 2010, made them available for other sorts of analysis through an open-access database. This has ensured transparency in terms of the data used in the construction of the ratified c…
A new parasite discovery in Micronesia
Little is known of helminth parasites in Micronesia in archaeological contexts. This study presents a parasitological analysis of soil and sediment samples from Ebon Atoll in the Marshall Islands, eastern Micronesia. Microscopic eggs of the dog ( Canis lupus familiaris ) nematode Toxocara canis , which could have adversely affected the health of local people as well as their dogs, were found at two sites, in one example in habitation layers dated…
Reconstructing Holocene fire records using dune footslope deposits at the Cooloola Sand Mass, Australia
In this study, we assess charcoal records from eolian deposits within the Cooloola Sand Mass, a subtropical coastal dune system in eastern Australia, to determine whether they can be used as a proxy for Holocene fire history. We excavate four profiles in depositional wedges at the base of dune slipfaces (footslope deposits) and calculate charcoal concentrations for three size classes (180–250 μm, 250–355 μm, and 355 μm–2 mm) at predetermined dept…
Indirectly Dating one of the Oldest Adze Quarries in the Hawaiian Islands Provides Insights into the Colonisation Process and Community Networks
Chemically characterising stone tools in distant habitation sites and matching artefacts to quarries is some of the strongest evidence archaeologists have to define the spatial and temporal limits of ancient interaction networks. We present the chemical analysis of five basalt flakes from three sites on Moloka‘i, Hawaiian Islands: a well-dated colonisation period stratified coastal mound, a craft specialisation locale and an upland buried habitat…
Dry, leeward regions support Colonization Period sites
The earliest archaeological sites anchor discussions of the timing, speed, and direction of colonization of continents, single archipelagos, and individual islands, and new discoveries of the oldest sites often cause reevaluations of settlement models and culture-histories at various scales. Consequently, the oldest sites have continued to garner great interest amongst archaeologists worldwide. Here we report a suite of 21 AMS radiocarbon age det…
Australian Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Effects
Studies of pre-bomb mollusks live-collected around the Australian coastline have concluded that near-shore marine radiocarbon reservoir effects are small and relatively uniform. These studies are based on limited samples of sometimes dubious quality representing only selective parts of Australia’s lengthy coastline. We systematically examine spatial variability in the marine radiocarbon reservoir effect (ΔR) through analysis of 292 live-collected…
Dr. Ugo Zoppi (1965–2016)
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Offerings from the land and sea
Atmospheric Radiocarbon for the Period 1950–2019
This paper presents a compilation of atmospheric radiocarbon for the period 1950–2019, derived from atmospheric CO 2 sampling and tree rings from clean-air sites. Following the approach taken by Hua et al. (2013), our revised and extended compilation consists of zonal, hemispheric and global radiocarbon ( 14 C) data sets, with monthly data sets for 5 zones (Northern Hemisphere zones 1, 2, and 3, and Southern Hemisphere zones 3 and 1–2). Our new c…
Forging empire
Comparing Direct Carbonate and Standard Graphite 14 C Determinations of Biogenic Carbonates
The direct carbonate procedure for accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14 C) dating of submilligram samples of biogenic carbonate without graphitization is becoming widely used in a variety of studies. We compare the results of 153 paired direct carbonate and standard graphite 14 C determinations on single specimens of an assortment of biogenic carbonates. A reduced major axis regression shows a strong relationship between direct carbo…
Combining Oral Traditions and Bayesian Chronological Modeling to Understand Village Development in the Gulf of Papua (Papua New Guinea)
When European colonists arrived in the late 19th century, large villages dotted the coastline of the Gulf of Papua (southern Papua New Guinea). These central places sustained long-distance exchange and decade-spanning ceremonial cycles. Besides ethnohistoric records, little is known of the villages’ antiquity, spatiality, or development. Here we combine oral traditional and 14 C chronological evidence to investigate the spatial history of two anc…
Multi-stage Holocene evolution of the River Murray Estuary, South Australia
The River Murray Estuary, South Australia exhibits a morphology typical of a wave-dominated estuary and comprises two large, shallow central basin lakes – Lakes Alexandrina and Albert. Contested interpretations of the estuary’s limnological history and uncertainty surrounding the sustainability of current basin water usage practice warrant a robust investigation into how the system has evolved. Here we combine lithostratigraphic, geochemical and …
Wala-gaay Guwingal
Aboriginal culturally modified trees are a distinctive feature of the Australian archaeological record, generating insights into Aboriginal interactions with wood and bark, which rarely survive in archaeological contexts. However, they are under-studied, in decline and typically presumed to pre-date the 20th century. Here we investigate the origin of a scar with a stone tool embedded in the scar overgrowth, located in the Central Tablelands, New …
SHCal20 Southern Hemisphere Calibration, 0–55,000 Years cal BP
Early researchers of radiocarbon levels in Southern Hemisphere tree rings identified a variable North-South hemispheric offset, necessitating construction of a separate radiocarbon calibration curve for the South. We present here SHCal20, a revised calibration curve from 0–55,000 cal BP, based upon SHCal13 and fortified by the addition of 14 new tree-ring data sets in the 2140–0, 3520–3453, 3608–3590 and 13,140–11,375 cal BP time intervals. We de…
Direct AMS 14 C Analysis of Carbonate
We have investigated the possibility of direct accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14 C) measurement of carbonate samples at ANSTO using the STAR 2 MV tandem accelerator. Each carbonate sample was powdered, mixed with metal powder and pressed into an aluminum cathode for direct carbonate measurement by AMS 14 C. Of the three high-purity metal powders (Fe, Nb, and Ag) used in our investigation, Nb was found to be the best metal, which d…
Forging empire
SHCal13 Southern Hemisphere Calibration, 0–50,000 Years cal BP
The Southern Hemisphere SHCal04 radiocarbon calibration curve has been updated with the addition of new data sets extending measurements to 2145 cal BP and including the ANSTO Younger Dryas Huon pine data set. Outside the range of measured data, the curve is based upon the ern Hemisphere data sets as presented in IntCal13, with an interhemispheric offset averaging 43 ± 23 yr modeled by an autoregressive process to represent the short-term correla…
SHCal20 Southern Hemisphere Calibration, 0–55,000 Years cal BP
Early researchers of radiocarbon levels in Southern Hemisphere tree rings identified a variable North-South hemispheric offset, necessitating construction of a separate radiocarbon calibration curve for the South. We present here SHCal20, a revised calibration curve from 0–55,000 cal BP, based upon SHCal13 and fortified by the addition of 14 new tree-ring data sets in the 2140–0, 3520–3453, 3608–3590 and 13,140–11,375 cal BP time intervals. We de…
Atmospheric Radiocarbon for the Period 1950–2010
We present a compilation of tropospheric 14 CO 2 for the period 1950–2010, based on published radiocarbon data from selected records of atmospheric CO 2 sampling and tree-ring series. This compilation is a new version of the compilation by Hua and Barbetti (2004) and consists of yearly summer data sets for zonal, hemispheric, and global levels of atmospheric 14 C. In addition, compiled (and extended) monthly data sets for 5 atmospheric zones (3 i…
Atmospheric Radiocarbon for the Period 1950–2019
This paper presents a compilation of atmospheric radiocarbon for the period 1950–2019, derived from atmospheric CO 2 sampling and tree rings from clean-air sites. Following the approach taken by Hua et al. (2013), our revised and extended compilation consists of zonal, hemispheric and global radiocarbon ( 14 C) data sets, with monthly data sets for 5 zones (Northern Hemisphere zones 1, 2, and 3, and Southern Hemisphere zones 3 and 1–2). Our new c…
Smelting in the Shadow of the Iron Mountain
The high-grade mineral ores of the Phnom Dek region in central Cambodia have long been suspected of playing a major role in the rise of Angkor, the largest medieval polity in mainland Southeast Asia. This article presents the first comprehensive study by the Industries of Angkor Project (INDAP) to document the extent of industrial activity in this region and test this important relationship. Using a combination of intensive field survey, surface …
The Iron Kuay of Cambodia
The Industries of Angkor Project (INDAP) is the first scientific study combining investigation of the chronology, supply network and technology of raw and finished iron within Angkorian (9th to 15th c. AD), Middle Period (15th to 19th c. AD) and Colonial (1863–1953) Cambodia. This paper is concerned with the production technology employed at five iron smelting sites in the northern province of Preah Vihear, three loci within the enclosure walls o…
A Multidisciplinary Approach for Dating Human Colonization of Pacific Atolls
The timing of reef platform emergence and the detailed chronology of reef island development provides a powerful backdrop for constraining the earliest period possible for prehistoric human colonization of low-lying atolls. Since Pacific atolls consist of biogenetic sediments, we dated foraminifera sands composed of well-preserved shallow-water species that are reliable indicators of facies formation. From transect excavations across the largest …
Using the 14 C Bomb Pulse to Date Young Speleothems
Three modern speleothems were sampled at high resolution for radiocarbon analysis to identify their bomb-pulse signatures and to construct chronologies. Each speleothem exhibited a different 14 C response, presumed to be related to site characteristics such as vegetation, temperature, rainfall, depth below the surface, and water pathway through the aquifer. Peak 14 C activity for WM4 is 134.1 pMC, the highest cited thus far in the literature and …
Bomb Radiocarbon in Tree Rings from Northern New South Wales, Australia
We have analyzed by radiocarbon 27 consecutive single rings, starting from AD 1952, of a preliminarily cross-dated section (DFR 021) of Pinus radiata , which grew in Armidale, northern New South Wales, Australia. The bomb 14 C results suggested the possibility of 2 false rings, and, consequently, 2 misidentified rings in the preliminary count for this section. This possibility was supported by a better ring-width correlation between the revised D…
Holocene sea-level change and coastal landscape evolution in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia
A revised Holocene sea-level history for the southern Gulf of Carpentaria is presented based on new data from the South Wellesley Archipelago and age recalibration of previous research. Results confirm that rising sea levels during the most recent post-glacial marine transgression breached the Arafura Sill ca. 11,700 cal. yr BP. Sea levels continued to rise to ca. –30 m by 10,000 cal. yr BP, leading to full marine conditions. By 7700 cal. yr BP, …
Vegetation and land-use at Angkor, Cambodia
Investigating the use of land during the medieval period at the celebrated ceremonial area of Angkor, the authors took a soil column over 2.5m deep from the inner moat of the Bakong temple. The dated pollen sequence showed that the temple moat was dug in the eighth century AD and that the agriculture of the immediate area subsequently flourished. In the tenth century AD agriculture declined and the moat became choked with water-plants. It was at …
Using In-Slag Charcoal as an Indicator of “Terminal” Iron Production within the Angkorian Period (10th–13th Centuries AD) Center of Preah Khan of Kompong Svay, Cambodia
Recent fieldwork by the Industries of Angkor Project (INDAP) has identified the first extensive evidence of iron production within an Angkorian Khmer (9th to 15th centuries AD) center at Preah Khan of Kompong Svay (Preah Khan) in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. This immense 22-km 2 temple complex appears to be an outpost of Khmer settlement situated in close proximity to Phnom Dek (“Iron Mountain”), the richest known source of iron oxide in Camb…
Radiocarbon in Annual Tree Rings from Thailand During the Pre-Bomb Period, Ad 1938–1954
Annual tree rings from Thailand were analyzed by radiocarbon AMS for AD 1938–1954. The results showed no significant depletion in atmospheric 14 C over Thailand during the pre-bomb period, even though the air mass to Thailand during the growing season of tree rings is transported over a potentially significant source of oceanic 14 C-depleted CO 2 , out-gassing in the northern Indian Ocean. When compared with Washington and Chile for different per…
The Chronology of the Ghassulian Chalcolithic Period in the Southern Levant
This article reports on ten new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates from the Chalcolithic period (fifth millennium BC) archaeological type-site of Teleilat Ghassul in Jordan. Early radiocarbon assays from the site proved difficult to integrate with current relative chronological formulations. The ten new AMS dates and follow-up enquiries connected with the early assays suggest that the original dates were up to 500 years too early. A necess…
Radiocarbon Dating of a Speleothem Record of Paleoclimate for Angkor, Cambodia
We report the chronological construction for the top portion of a speleothem, PC1, from southern Cambodia with the aim of reconstructing a continuous high-resolution climate record covering the fluorescence and decline of the medieval Khmer kingdom and its capital at Angkor (~9th–15th centuries AD). Earlier attempts to date PC1 by the standard U-Th method proved unsuccessful. We have therefore dated this speleothem using radiocarbon. Fifty carbon…
The Beginning of the Early Bronze Age in the North Jordan Valley
This article reports on 10 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates from early phases of the Early Bronze Age at the long-lived settlement of Pella (modern Tabaqat Fahl) in the north Jordan Valley. The new AMS dates fall between 3400 and 2800 cal BC, and support a recent suggestion that all Chalcolithic period occupation had ceased by 3800/3700 cal BC at the latest (Bourke et al. 2004b). Other recently published Early Bronze Age …
The End of the Chalcolithic Period in the South Jordan Valley
This article reports on 12 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates from the latest phases of the Chalcolithic period occupation (late 5th millennium cal BC) at Teleilat Ghassul, type site for the south Levantine Ghassulian Chalcolithic culture. The new AMS dates from Teleilat Ghassul favor an amendment to a previous suggestion (Bourke et al. 2001), that all significant occupation at the site had ceased by 4000/3900 cal BC. This end-date sho…
Wala-gaay Guwingal
Aboriginal culturally modified trees are a distinctive feature of the Australian archaeological record, generating insights into Aboriginal interactions with wood and bark, which rarely survive in archaeological contexts. However, they are under-studied, in decline and typically presumed to pre-date the 20th century. Here we investigate the origin of a scar with a stone tool embedded in the scar overgrowth, located in the Central Tablelands, New …
Australian Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Effects
Studies of pre-bomb mollusks live-collected around the Australian coastline have concluded that near-shore marine radiocarbon reservoir effects are small and relatively uniform. These studies are based on limited samples of sometimes dubious quality representing only selective parts of Australia’s lengthy coastline. We systematically examine spatial variability in the marine radiocarbon reservoir effect (ΔR) through analysis of 292 live-collected…
Combining Oral Traditions and Bayesian Chronological Modeling to Understand Village Development in the Gulf of Papua (Papua New Guinea)
When European colonists arrived in the late 19th century, large villages dotted the coastline of the Gulf of Papua (southern Papua New Guinea). These central places sustained long-distance exchange and decade-spanning ceremonial cycles. Besides ethnohistoric records, little is known of the villages’ antiquity, spatiality, or development. Here we combine oral traditional and 14 C chronological evidence to investigate the spatial history of two anc…
Forging empire
Preliminary Radiocarbon Results for Late Bronze Age Strata at Tel Azekah and Their Implications
This article presents the first radiocarbon ( 14 C) results from the Late Bronze Age levels of Tel Azekah (Israel). The results testify to the long and prosperous occupation of the site during this period, commencing at least in LB IIA and ending with a severe destruction at the close of LB III. In the extra-mural quarter (Area S2), a pre-monumental building phase (S2-6) dates to the 14th or early 13th century BCE. Two sub-phases of a public buil…
Iron and fire
Extended residence times for foraminifera in a marine-influenced terrestrial archaeological deposit and implications for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction
Direct AMS 14 C Analysis of Carbonate
We have investigated the possibility of direct accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14 C) measurement of carbonate samples at ANSTO using the STAR 2 MV tandem accelerator. Each carbonate sample was powdered, mixed with metal powder and pressed into an aluminum cathode for direct carbonate measurement by AMS 14 C. Of the three high-purity metal powders (Fe, Nb, and Ag) used in our investigation, Nb was found to be the best metal, which d…
The Antares AMS Centre
The ANTARES accelerator mass spectrometry facility at Lucas Heights Research Laboratory is operational and AMS measurements of 14 C, 26 Al and 36 Cl are being carried out routinely. Measurement of 129 I recently commenced and capabilities for other long-lived radioisotopes such as 10 Be are being established. The overall aim of the facility is to develop advanced programs in Quaternary science, global climate change, biomedicine and nuclear safeg…
Optical and radiocarbon dating at Jinmium rock shelter in northern Australia
The Chronology of the Ghassulian Chalcolithic Period in the Southern Levant
This article reports on ten new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates from the Chalcolithic period (fifth millennium BC) archaeological type-site of Teleilat Ghassul in Jordan. Early radiocarbon assays from the site proved difficult to integrate with current relative chronological formulations. The ten new AMS dates and follow-up enquiries connected with the early assays suggest that the original dates were up to 500 years too early. A necess…
Bomb Radiocarbon in Tree Rings from Northern New South Wales, Australia
We have analyzed by radiocarbon 27 consecutive single rings, starting from AD 1952, of a preliminarily cross-dated section (DFR 021) of Pinus radiata , which grew in Armidale, northern New South Wales, Australia. The bomb 14 C results suggested the possibility of 2 false rings, and, consequently, 2 misidentified rings in the preliminary count for this section. This possibility was supported by a better ring-width correlation between the revised D…
The End of the Chalcolithic Period in the South Jordan Valley
This article reports on 12 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates from the latest phases of the Chalcolithic period occupation (late 5th millennium cal BC) at Teleilat Ghassul, type site for the south Levantine Ghassulian Chalcolithic culture. The new AMS dates from Teleilat Ghassul favor an amendment to a previous suggestion (Bourke et al. 2001), that all significant occupation at the site had ceased by 4000/3900 cal BC. This end-date sho…
Radiocarbon in Annual Tree Rings from Thailand During the Pre-Bomb Period, Ad 1938–1954
Annual tree rings from Thailand were analyzed by radiocarbon AMS for AD 1938–1954. The results showed no significant depletion in atmospheric 14 C over Thailand during the pre-bomb period, even though the air mass to Thailand during the growing season of tree rings is transported over a potentially significant source of oceanic 14 C-depleted CO 2 , out-gassing in the northern Indian Ocean. When compared with Washington and Chile for different per…
Vegetation and land-use at Angkor, Cambodia
Investigating the use of land during the medieval period at the celebrated ceremonial area of Angkor, the authors took a soil column over 2.5m deep from the inner moat of the Bakong temple. The dated pollen sequence showed that the temple moat was dug in the eighth century AD and that the agriculture of the immediate area subsequently flourished. In the tenth century AD agriculture declined and the moat became choked with water-plants. It was at …
The Beginning of the Early Bronze Age in the North Jordan Valley
This article reports on 10 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates from early phases of the Early Bronze Age at the long-lived settlement of Pella (modern Tabaqat Fahl) in the north Jordan Valley. The new AMS dates fall between 3400 and 2800 cal BC, and support a recent suggestion that all Chalcolithic period occupation had ceased by 3800/3700 cal BC at the latest (Bourke et al. 2004b). Other recently published Early Bronze Age …
Using the 14 C Bomb Pulse to Date Young Speleothems
Three modern speleothems were sampled at high resolution for radiocarbon analysis to identify their bomb-pulse signatures and to construct chronologies. Each speleothem exhibited a different 14 C response, presumed to be related to site characteristics such as vegetation, temperature, rainfall, depth below the surface, and water pathway through the aquifer. Peak 14 C activity for WM4 is 134.1 pMC, the highest cited thus far in the literature and …
Robust chronological reconstruction for young speleothems using radiocarbon
A Multidisciplinary Approach for Dating Human Colonization of Pacific Atolls
The timing of reef platform emergence and the detailed chronology of reef island development provides a powerful backdrop for constraining the earliest period possible for prehistoric human colonization of low-lying atolls. Since Pacific atolls consist of biogenetic sediments, we dated foraminifera sands composed of well-preserved shallow-water species that are reliable indicators of facies formation. From transect excavations across the largest …
SHCal13 Southern Hemisphere Calibration, 0–50,000 Years cal BP
The Southern Hemisphere SHCal04 radiocarbon calibration curve has been updated with the addition of new data sets extending measurements to 2145 cal BP and including the ANSTO Younger Dryas Huon pine data set. Outside the range of measured data, the curve is based upon the ern Hemisphere data sets as presented in IntCal13, with an interhemispheric offset averaging 43 ± 23 yr modeled by an autoregressive process to represent the short-term correla…
Mean Residence Time of Soil Organic Carbon in Aggregates Under Contrasting Land Uses Based on Radiocarbon Measurements
Radiocarbon is a useful tool for studying carbon dynamics in soil aggregates. The objective of the current study was to determine the mean residence time (MRT) of soil organic carbon (SOC) in macroaggregates and microaggregates under contrasting land uses. Contrasting land uses investigated at Alfisol (equivalent to Dermosol in Australian Soil Classification) sites were native pasture (NP), crop-pasture rotation (CP), and Eucalypt woodland (WL), …
Using In-Slag Charcoal as an Indicator of “Terminal” Iron Production within the Angkorian Period (10th–13th Centuries AD) Center of Preah Khan of Kompong Svay, Cambodia
Recent fieldwork by the Industries of Angkor Project (INDAP) has identified the first extensive evidence of iron production within an Angkorian Khmer (9th to 15th centuries AD) center at Preah Khan of Kompong Svay (Preah Khan) in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. This immense 22-km 2 temple complex appears to be an outpost of Khmer settlement situated in close proximity to Phnom Dek (“Iron Mountain”), the richest known source of iron oxide in Camb…
Atmospheric Radiocarbon for the Period 1950–2010
We present a compilation of tropospheric 14 CO 2 for the period 1950–2010, based on published radiocarbon data from selected records of atmospheric CO 2 sampling and tree-ring series. This compilation is a new version of the compilation by Hua and Barbetti (2004) and consists of yearly summer data sets for zonal, hemispheric, and global levels of atmospheric 14 C. In addition, compiled (and extended) monthly data sets for 5 atmospheric zones (3 i…
Embryotomy in the 19th Century of Central Italy
An enormous earthquake in L'Aquila in 2009 brought to light human bodies buried in the underground rooms of the medieval St. John the Evangelist church (Casentino, Central Italy). Among the remains, we discovered a human fetus, whose post‐cranial bones were wrapped in bandages and cranial bones were reallocated inside a sort of hood. Anthropometrical investigation revealed an age at death of 29 ± 2 weeks of pregnancy for the little mummy. Radiogr…
The Iron Kuay of Cambodia
The Industries of Angkor Project (INDAP) is the first scientific study combining investigation of the chronology, supply network and technology of raw and finished iron within Angkorian (9th to 15th c. AD), Middle Period (15th to 19th c. AD) and Colonial (1863–1953) Cambodia. This paper is concerned with the production technology employed at five iron smelting sites in the northern province of Preah Vihear, three loci within the enclosure walls o…
A Prehistoric Quarry/Habitation Site on Moloka‘i and a Discussion of an Anomalous Early Date on the Polynesian Introduced Candlenut (kukui, Aleurites moluccana)
According to studies in the early 1990s, quarry/habitation site (MO-B6-161) on leeward Moloka‘i may have been occupied about a century earlier than regional settlement models imply. In the first instance, we dated nut shell fragments from the Polynesian introduced candlenut (kukui, Aleurites moluccana), from the original radiocarbon sample collection curated at the Bishop Museum, producing a calibrated age (at 2 σ) of AD 690-895 (Beta-336756). Ou…
Extended residence times for foraminifera in a marine-influenced terrestrial archaeological deposit and implications for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction
Iron and fire
Settlement Reorganisation and the Rebirth of the Ottoman Empire
Radiocarbon Dating of a Speleothem Record of Paleoclimate for Angkor, Cambodia
We report the chronological construction for the top portion of a speleothem, PC1, from southern Cambodia with the aim of reconstructing a continuous high-resolution climate record covering the fluorescence and decline of the medieval Khmer kingdom and its capital at Angkor (~9th–15th centuries AD). Earlier attempts to date PC1 by the standard U-Th method proved unsuccessful. We have therefore dated this speleothem using radiocarbon. Fifty carbon…
Smelting in the Shadow of the Iron Mountain
The high-grade mineral ores of the Phnom Dek region in central Cambodia have long been suspected of playing a major role in the rise of Angkor, the largest medieval polity in mainland Southeast Asia. This article presents the first comprehensive study by the Industries of Angkor Project (INDAP) to document the extent of industrial activity in this region and test this important relationship. Using a combination of intensive field survey, surface …
Reply to comments on Clarkson et al. (2017) ‘Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago’
We thank the authors for their comments in the previous issue of Australian Archaeology. The 2012-2015 research at Madjedbebe offers a new and comprehensive look at the early occupation of Sahul and adds substantially to our knowledge of the timing of that event and the behaviour of the first people to enter the region. Establishing occupation of northern Australia by 65 ± 6 thousand years ago (ka, with the uncertainty expressed at 95.4% probabil…
Holocene sea-level change and coastal landscape evolution in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia
A revised Holocene sea-level history for the southern Gulf of Carpentaria is presented based on new data from the South Wellesley Archipelago and age recalibration of previous research. Results confirm that rising sea levels during the most recent post-glacial marine transgression breached the Arafura Sill ca. 11,700 cal. yr BP. Sea levels continued to rise to ca. –30 m by 10,000 cal. yr BP, leading to full marine conditions. By 7700 cal. yr BP, …
Geography (35 obras) · Archaeology (32 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (29 obras) · Radiocarbon dating (28 obras) · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (25 obras) · Geology (24 obras) · History (17 obras) · Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies (16 obras) · Paleontology (16 obras) · Ancient history (12 obras)