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Wesley G Skogan

Datos Biográficos

ID73991
NOMBREWesley G Skogan
NOMBRESWesley G
APELLIDOSkogan
FIRMASKOGAN W G
AFILIACIONESNorthwestern University
VERIFICADONo
TOTAL DE OBRAS57
TOTAL DE CITAS514
TOTAL COMO AUTOR57
TOTAL COMO EDITOR0
PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN1975
AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN2024
ÍNDICE H10
  • The Past as Prologue

    Open Access•B Mccarthy, John Hagan et al.•ARTICLE•Race and Justice•2024

    Quantitative analyses show that police stop and frisks are highly concentrated by neighborhood. Interview and ethnographic studies show that police routinely share information about neighborhood attributes including crime rates and demographic characteristics such as racial and ethnic composition and economic conditions. Investigations suggest that police also share information about complaints against them. Our analysis bridges these three liter…

  • Block clubs and crime in Chicago

    Open Access•Aleksandra J Snowden, Amanda I Seligman et al.•ARTICLE•Cities•2024•Referencias: 10

  • Why study policing comparatively

    Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2022

  • The future of CCTV

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Criminology & Public Policy•2019•Citada por: 4

  • The Commission and the Police

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Criminology & Public Policy•2018•Citada por: 3•Referencias: 3

    The major conclusions advanced in the 1967 report by the U.S. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice under President Johnson are reviewed in this article. Six of the Commission's visions for law enforcement are described, and subsequent changes in the character of American policing are traced. Many of the concerns of the Commission linger until this day. Progress on many fronts has been halting, their impact more …

  • Police and Society in Brazil

    Vicente Riccio, Wesley G Skogan•BOOK•Police and Society in Brazil•2017

  • Training police for procedural justice

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan, Maarten Van Craen et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Experimental Criminology•2015

  • Disorder and Decline

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan, Wesley Skogan•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Crime and…•2015

    Objectives: A significant and diverse body of research has built up during the 30+ years since the publication of Wilson and Kelling’s seminal “broken windows” article. They affected research, policy, and politics around the world. This article summarizes some of the main strands of research that have since sprung up around these and other claims. Results: This article discusses approaches to conceptualizing and measuring disorder and weighs the …

  • Explaining officer compliance

    Open Access•Nicole E Haas, Maarten Van Craen et al.•ARTICLE•Criminology & Criminal Justice•2015•Citada por: 9•Referencias: 14

    The extent to which police officers obey instructions and policies is of permanent concern to police leaders and the community. This is especially the case when it comes to preventing police misconduct, such as the use of excessive force. In the current study we examined officer compliance from a procedural justice and social exchange perspective. Using data collected among 536 police officers of the Metropolitana Police in Buenos Aires, we explo…

  • Use of force and police reform in Brazil

    Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Police Practice and Research•2013

    This study examined self-reported use of force on the street by police officers in Brazil. The survey was conducted as part of an evaluation of a nationwide reform effort aimed at upgrading police professionalism, tightening standards for police operations, improving managerial practices, enhancing quality of life among the lower ranks, and inculcating greater respect for citizens’ rights through training. Respondents were serving in 26 of the co…

  • Community policing in the Favelas of Rio de Janeiro

    Vicente Riccio, Marco Aurélio Ruediger et al.•ARTICLE•Police Practice and Research•2013

    This article evaluates the adoption of a new model for community policing in two communities in Rio de Janeiro. They were initially dominated by heavily armed criminal gangs that challenged the hegemony of the Brazilian state. A version of community policing was introduced in these two poor areas. Its principal feature was a commitment to delivering honest, professional, and respectful policing; other initiatives commonly associated with communit…

  • Disorder and Crime

    Wesley G Skogan•BOOK•The Oxford handbook on crime…•2012

  • Assessing asymmetry

    Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2012•Citada por: 15•Referencias: 4

    This article describes the evolution of a project examining the impact of encounters on public confidence in the police. It reviews the background of the research, the central puzzle that drove the project, and the events that led to its discovery. I was surprised by my initial inability to confirm the expected relationship between encounters and confidence. Rather than encouraging confidence, encounters that people themselves rated positively di…

  • Community-based partnerships and crime prevention

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Criminology & Public Policy•2011•Citada por: 3

  • Concern About Crime and Confidence in the Police

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Police Quarterly•2009

    This article examines the relationship between confidence in the police and concern about crime. A large body of research on opinions about police treats confidence in the police as a dependent variable that is influenced by assessments of neighborhood conditions. These studies argue that people hold police accountable for local crime, disorder, and fear. Another large body of literature on public perceptions of crime treats concern about crime a…

  • Police–Community Relations in a Majority-Black City

    Open Access•R Weitzer, Steven A Tuch et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Crime and…•2008

    Minority racial and ethnic groups often view themselves as targets of abusive treatment at the hands of the police. Although racial variation in public assessments of the police in the United States has been amply documented in past research, less research has explored the sources of these differences at the intersection of demographic, interactional, and ecological levels. This article examines the role of each factor in shaping citizens' percep…

  • Traffic Stops in the Pacific Northwest

    Richard G Greenleaf, Wesley G Skogan et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal…•2008

    This study examines the distribution of police traffic warning citations in a large northwestern city. Warning tickets were instituted to document the exercise of police discretion in the disposition of traffic stops. The paper tests three competing hypotheses about how these citations are distributed: law enforcement, traffic enforcement, and group threat. The findings show greater support for the group threat explanation. African Americans were…

  • Broken Windows

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Criminology & Public Policy•2008•Citada por: 7•Referencias: 3

  • Why reforms fail

    Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2008•Citada por: 24•Referencias: 2

    Police reform is risky and hard, and efforts to innovate in policing often fall short of expectations. This chapter examines sources of resistance to change in policing. Some are internal, including opposition to reform at virtually all levels of the organization and among special units. The position of unions vis-a-vis change is highly variable, particularly if proposals do not threaten working conditions and officer safety. Politicians and othe…

  • Police Innovation

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan, Stephen D Mastrofski et al.•BOOK•Police Innovation•2006

    Over the last three decades American policing has gone through a period of significant change and innovation. In what is a relatively short historical time frame the police began to reconsider their fundamental mission, the nature of the core strategies of policing, and the character of their relationships with the communities that they serve. This volume brings together leading police scholars to examine eight major innovations which emerged dur…

  • Asymmetry in the Impact of Encounters with Police

    Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2006•Citada por: 163•Referencias: 15

    This article examines the impact of personal experience on popular assessments of the quality of police service. Following past research, it addresses the influence of personal and neighbourhood factors on confidence in the police. It then focuses on the additional impact of positive and negative personal experiences with the police. Several studies of police encounters with the public have noted that the relationship between how people recall be…

  • Citizen Satisfaction with Police Encounters

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Police Quarterly•2005

    This article examines the character and consequences of encounters between police and residents of the city of Chicago. It describes the frequency with which they contacted the police for assistance or support and how often they were stopped by them. Follow-up questions gathered information about the character of those contacts. The analysis contrasts the effects of experiential, on-scene factors with those of race, age, gender, and language on s…

  • The Diffusion of Information Technology in Policing

    Wesley G Skogan, Susan M Hartnett•ARTICLE•Police Practice and Research•2005

    This study examines the diffusion of innovation among municipal police departments in northeastern Illinois. The opportunity to adopt an innovation arose when the Chicago Police Department (CPD) opened access to elements of its new centralized Data Warehouse to other criminal justice agencies. There is a long history of research on the diffusion of innovation, and a number of recent projects have applied this work to policing. Like innovation stu…

  • Crime, Disorder and Decay in Chicago's Latino Community

    Wesley G Skogan, Lynn Steiner•ARTICLE•Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal…•2004

    This paper utilizes results of citywide surveys to examine trends in Chicago during the 1990s in the extent of crime, social disorder, and physical decay. These trends depict a tale of three cities, for trends in neighborhood problems differed dramatically for Whites, Blacks, and Latinos. All fared differently, and no group was "average." By the beginning of the new century, Whites saw some improvement in neighborhood conditions, and Blacks exper…

  • Lawful Policing

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan, Tracey L Meares•ARTICLE•The Annals of the American…•2004•Citada por: 17•Referencias: 16

    Police compliance with the law is one of the most important aspects of a democratic society. Americans expect the police to enforce laws to promote safety and to reduce crime, victimization, and fear, but no one believes that the police should have unlimited power to do so. We expect police to enforce laws fairly according to law and rules that circumscribe their enforcement powers. The existence of these rules justify the claim that police are a…

Siguiente
  • Asymmetry in the Impact of Encounters with Police

    Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2006•Citada por: 163•Referencias: 15

    This article examines the impact of personal experience on popular assessments of the quality of police service. Following past research, it addresses the influence of personal and neighbourhood factors on confidence in the police. It then focuses on the additional impact of positive and negative personal experiences with the police. Several studies of police encounters with the public have noted that the relationship between how people recall be…

  • Fear of Crime and Neighborhood Change

    Wesley G Skogan, Wesley Skogan•ARTICLE•Crime and Justice•1986•Citada por: 73

    Crime rates and the quality of life do not necessarily change in direct response to changes in the physical and social characteristics of neighborhoods. Developments that have an indirect effect on increasing crime rates and fear of crime include neighborhood disinvestment, demolition and construction activities, demagoguery, and deindustrialization. Other factors such as government programs, collective neighborhood action, and individual initiat…

  • Crime and the Racial Fears of White Americans

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•The Annals of the American…•1995•Citada por: 69•Referencias: 6

    This article examines the linkages between fear of crime, residential integration, and racial prejudice among whites. Survey studies confirm that residential proximity to black people is related to whites' fear of crime. In addition, whites who are prejudiced (in this case, who disapprove of school and neighborhood integration) are more fearful. The fear-provoking effects of proximity and prejudice are independent and, in fact, whites currently l…

  • Citizen Reporting of Crime Some National Panel Data

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Criminology•1976•Citada por: 42•Referencias: 3

    The decision to report criminal victimizations to the police is an important determinant of the capacity of the criminal justice system to fulfill its mandate. This report analyzes the individual‐level determinants of crime reporting, using data generated by the 1973 National Crime Survey conducted by the Bureau of the Census. It examines the impact of three characteristics of victimizations upon their reporting probability: the attributes of the…

  • Why reforms fail

    Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2008•Citada por: 24•Referencias: 2

    Police reform is risky and hard, and efforts to innovate in policing often fall short of expectations. This chapter examines sources of resistance to change in policing. Some are internal, including opposition to reform at virtually all levels of the organization and among special units. The position of unions vis-a-vis change is highly variable, particularly if proposals do not threaten working conditions and officer safety. Politicians and othe…

  • Measurement problems in official and survey crime rates

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Journal of Criminal Justice•1975•Citada por: 24•Referencias: 8

  • Citizen Satisfaction with Police Services

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Policy Studies Journal•1978•Citada por: 19•Referencias: 6

  • Lawful Policing

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan, Tracey L Meares•ARTICLE•The Annals of the American…•2004•Citada por: 17•Referencias: 16

    Police compliance with the law is one of the most important aspects of a democratic society. Americans expect the police to enforce laws to promote safety and to reduce crime, victimization, and fear, but no one believes that the police should have unlimited power to do so. We expect police to enforce laws fairly according to law and rules that circumscribe their enforcement powers. The existence of these rules justify the claim that police are a…

  • Assessing asymmetry

    Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2012•Citada por: 15•Referencias: 4

    This article describes the evolution of a project examining the impact of encounters on public confidence in the police. It reviews the background of the research, the central puzzle that drove the project, and the events that led to its discovery. I was surprised by my initial inability to confirm the expected relationship between encounters and confidence. Rather than encouraging confidence, encounters that people themselves rated positively di…

  • Community Organizations and Crime

    Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Crime and Justice•1988•Citada por: 11

    Community organizations that have crime problems on their agendas are common across the country. They originate as an anticipatory response to crime or as a consequence of local criminal activity; none endure, however, by focusing exclusively on crime problems. Participation in anticrime groups is based on awareness of local problems and is linked to socioeconomic status and class-linked attitudes. One approach to fighting crime is for community …

  • Explaining officer compliance

    Open Access•Nicole E Haas, Maarten Van Craen et al.•ARTICLE•Criminology & Criminal Justice•2015•Citada por: 9•Referencias: 14

    The extent to which police officers obey instructions and policies is of permanent concern to police leaders and the community. This is especially the case when it comes to preventing police misconduct, such as the use of excessive force. In the current study we examined officer compliance from a procedural justice and social exchange perspective. Using data collected among 536 police officers of the Metropolitana Police in Buenos Aires, we explo…

  • Broken Windows

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Criminology & Public Policy•2008•Citada por: 7•Referencias: 3

  • Services for Victims

    Open Access•Robert C Davis, Arthur J Lurigio et al.•ARTICLE•International Review of Victimology•1999•Citada por: 7

    Victim services programs have proliferated over the past three decades. However, we know little about the forms of assistance that crime victims seek from these programs, whether the programs are meeting the needs of those who seek help, or whether the victims who receive services are the ones most in need. The current research examined these issues through interviews with 240 crime victims (120 persons who had received help from victim programs …

  • Information, apprehension, and deterrence

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan, George E Antunes•ARTICLE•Journal of Criminal Justice•1979•Citada por: 7•Referencias: 9

  • The future of CCTV

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Criminology & Public Policy•2019•Citada por: 4

  • Coping with Crime

    Jackson Toby, Wesley G Skogan et al.•REVIEW•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•1982•Citada por: 4

  • The Commission and the Police

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Criminology & Public Policy•2018•Citada por: 3•Referencias: 3

    The major conclusions advanced in the 1967 report by the U.S. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice under President Johnson are reviewed in this article. Six of the Commission's visions for law enforcement are described, and subsequent changes in the character of American policing are traced. Many of the concerns of the Commission linger until this day. Progress on many fronts has been halting, their impact more …

  • Community-based partnerships and crime prevention

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Criminology & Public Policy•2011•Citada por: 3

  • The Justice Juggernaut

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Political Science Quarterly•1991•Citada por: 3

    Argues convincingly that the conditions that produce our exceptionally high levels of crime are not, and cannot be, significantly remedied by the machinery of surveillance, apprehension, and punishment.--New York Times Book Review argues in her timely and interesting book that fear of crime has become a central feature of our nation's symbolic politics. . . . [Her] analysis is broadly historical and theoretical, invoking Foucault and Durkheim and…

  • A Review

    Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Public Opinion Quarterly•1990•Citada por: 3

    Journal Article THE NATIONAL CRIME SURVEY REDESIGN Get access WESLEY G. SKOGAN WESLEY G. SKOGAN WESLEY c SKOGAN teaches at the Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research, Northwestern University. The author thanks James P. Lynch, Peter Miller, and Virginia Carlson for their suggestions and comments on this review. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 54, Issue 2, SUMMER 1990, …

  • Groups in the Policy Process

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Policy Studies Journal•1975•Citada por: 3•Referencias: 6

  • The Police and Public Opinion in Britain

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•American Behavioral Scientist•1996•Citada por: 2•Referencias: 2

    This article examines opinion about the police in Britain. Surveys of opinion about the police have become integral to the assessment of agency performance there. Central government policy calls for the development of a "customer orientation" among police forces, and national and local surveys could play a significant role in monitoring this shift toward greater police accountability to the public. Surveys in Britain have documented dramatic shif…

  • The Plight of Crime Victims in Modern Society

    Wesley G Skogan, Ezzat A Fattah•ARTICLE•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•1990•Citada por: 1

  • Coping with crime

    Wesley G Skogan•BOOK•Coping with crime•1981•Citada por: 1

  • Measurement problems in official and survey crime rates

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Journal of Criminal Justice•1975•Citada por: 24•Referencias: 8

  • Police Practices

    Wesley G Skogan, John C Weistart•ARTICLE•The Western Political Quarterly•1975

  • Groups in the Policy Process

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Policy Studies Journal•1975•Citada por: 3•Referencias: 6

  • Citizen Reporting of Crime Some National Panel Data

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Criminology•1976•Citada por: 42•Referencias: 3

    The decision to report criminal victimizations to the police is an important determinant of the capacity of the criminal justice system to fulfill its mandate. This report analyzes the individual‐level determinants of crime reporting, using data generated by the 1973 National Crime Survey conducted by the Bureau of the Census. It examines the impact of three characteristics of victimizations upon their reporting probability: the attributes of the…

  • A Fundamental Disagreement

    Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Public Administration Review•1976

  • Efficiency and Effectiveness in Big-City Police Departments

    Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Public Administration Review•1976

    This report explores two fundamental concepts used to evaluate organizational activity: efficiency and effectiveness. These are defined in terms of the relationship between inputs and outputs for organizations and their relative processing costs. The concepts are then applied to police departments, and data from a large sample of cities are used to explore the impact of several factors which presumably maximize efficiency and effectiveness. Evide…

  • The Author Responds

    Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Public Administration Review•1976

  • Evaluating Correctional and Community Settings

    Wesley G Skogan•REVIEW•Social Forces•1976

  • Dimensions of the Dark Figure of Unreported Crime

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Crime & Delinquency•1977

    A great deal of criminal activity in America goes unrecorded, largely because it is not reported to the police. This pool of unrecorded crime has several consequences: it limits the deterrent capability of the criminal justice system, it contributes to the misallocation of police resources, it renders victims ineligible for public and private benefits, it affects insurance costs, and it helps shape the police role in society. This report examines…

  • The Changing Distribution of Big-City Crime

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Urban Affairs Quarterly•1977

    This article analyzes the changing relationship between the aggregate demographic characteristics of cities, their investment in policing, and officially reported rates of crime. The data are for the nation's 32 largest cities, for the years 1946-1970. Analysis reveals that 1970 data support Louis Wirth's contention that crime rates are highest in large, dense, heterogeneous places; however, data from earlier years indicate that this overlap is a…

  • Citizen Satisfaction with Police Services

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Policy Studies Journal•1978•Citada por: 19•Referencias: 6

  • Information, apprehension, and deterrence

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan, George E Antunes•ARTICLE•Journal of Criminal Justice•1979•Citada por: 7•Referencias: 9

  • On the Take

    Wesley G Skogan, William J Chambli et al.•ARTICLE•Social Forces•1979

  • Victims

    Wesley G Skogan, J L Barkas•ARTICLE•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•1980

  • Coping with crime

    Wesley G Skogan•BOOK•Coping with crime•1981•Citada por: 1

  • Coping with Crime

    Jackson Toby, Wesley G Skogan et al.•REVIEW•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•1982•Citada por: 4

  • Reporting Crimes to the Police

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Crime and…•1984

    Since the mid-1960s there has been a great deal of interest around the world in the use of sample surveys of the general population to study crime. The advantages of doing so have been discussed in detail many times (National Research Council, 1976; Biderman, 1967). Crime surveys have been conducted in many nations, a practice that is continuing despite their heavy cost. Large-scale national surveys have been conducted in the United States, the N…

  • Fear of Crime and Neighborhood Change

    Wesley G Skogan, Wesley Skogan•ARTICLE•Crime and Justice•1986•Citada por: 73

    Crime rates and the quality of life do not necessarily change in direct response to changes in the physical and social characteristics of neighborhoods. Developments that have an indirect effect on increasing crime rates and fear of crime include neighborhood disinvestment, demolition and construction activities, demagoguery, and deindustrialization. Other factors such as government programs, collective neighborhood action, and individual initiat…

  • The Impact of Victimization on Fear

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Crime & Delinquency•1987

    This report examines the relationship between criminal victimization and fear of crime. Past research has been surprisingly inconclusive about this issue, and some people's fears have been branded “irrational” because the two did not appear to be tightly linked. However, the data analyzed here indicate that victimization affects both fear-related attitudes and behavior in a clear and consistent manner. This report also suggests that the impact of…

  • Chicago Dining

    Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•PS Political Science & Politics•1987

    An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button

  • Community Organizations and Crime

    Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Crime and Justice•1988•Citada por: 11

    Community organizations that have crime problems on their agendas are common across the country. They originate as an anticipatory response to crime or as a consequence of local criminal activity; none endure, however, by focusing exclusively on crime problems. Participation in anticrime groups is based on awareness of local problems and is linked to socioeconomic status and class-linked attitudes. One approach to fighting crime is for community …

  • A Review

    Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Public Opinion Quarterly•1990•Citada por: 3

    Journal Article THE NATIONAL CRIME SURVEY REDESIGN Get access WESLEY G. SKOGAN WESLEY G. SKOGAN WESLEY c SKOGAN teaches at the Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research, Northwestern University. The author thanks James P. Lynch, Peter Miller, and Virginia Carlson for their suggestions and comments on this review. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 54, Issue 2, SUMMER 1990, …

  • The Plight of Crime Victims in Modern Society

    Wesley G Skogan, Ezzat A Fattah•ARTICLE•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•1990•Citada por: 1

  • The Justice Juggernaut

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•Political Science Quarterly•1991•Citada por: 3

    Argues convincingly that the conditions that produce our exceptionally high levels of crime are not, and cannot be, significantly remedied by the machinery of surveillance, apprehension, and punishment.--New York Times Book Review argues in her timely and interesting book that fear of crime has become a central feature of our nation's symbolic politics. . . . [Her] analysis is broadly historical and theoretical, invoking Foucault and Durkheim and…

  • R. Barry Farrell

    Open Access•Wesley G Skogan•ARTICLE•PS Political Science & Politics•1992

    An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button

Political science (43 obras) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (40 obras) · Criminology (38 obras) · Sociology (32 obras) · Psychology (29 obras) · Law (23 obras) · Policing Practices and Perceptions (23 obras) · Computer Science (15 obras) · Law (12 obras) · Public relations (12 obras)

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