Robert A Hart
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 745019 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Robert A Hart |
| NOMBRES | Robert A |
| APELLIDO | Hart |
| FIRMA | HART R A |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Stirling |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8242-1367 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 41 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 211 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 41 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1966 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
‘It doesn’t happen any other way’
Intersectoral processes that bring together public institutions, civil society organizations and affected community members are essential to tackling complex health equity challenges. While conventional wisdom points to the importance of human relationships in fostering collaboration, there is a lack of practical guidance on how to do intersectoral work in ways that support authentic relationship-building and mitigate power differentials among pe…
Date of birth and selective schooling
We compare the probabilities of selective (grammar) school entry in England and Wales before and after the 1944 Education Act. The Act had direct and indirect influences on the costs of grammar education and on entry‐exam coverage, design and marking methodology. Post‐1944, grammar school entry among children born in the middle of the school year improved considerably. We argue that age‐adjusted group standardized testing was an important contrib…
Above and Beyond the Call
Forced to be Rich? Returns to Compulsory Schooling in Britain
Researchers using changes in compulsory schooling laws as instruments have typically estimated very high returns to additional schooling that are greater than the corresponding OLS estimates. Given that the first order source of bias in OLS is likely to be upward as more able individuals tend to obtain more education, such high estimates are usually rationalized as reflecting the fact that the group of individuals who are influenced by the law ch…
The Spot Market Matters
Based on the methodology of Beaudry and DiNardo (1991) , this paper investigates the relative importance of the spot market and implicit contracts in the determination of British real wages. Empirical work is carried out separately for males and females with individual‐level data taken from the New Earnings Survey Panel for the years 1976–2001. In contrast to previous studies that used North American data, the spot market is found to be more impo…
Women doing men’s work and women doing women’s work
Worker–Job Matches, Job Mobility and Real Wage Cyclicality
Using the British New Earnings Survey Panel Data (NESPD), this paper examines male and female real wage cyclicality over the period 1975–2001. Estimation is undertaken separately for job stayers and job movers. ‘Stayers’ are defined with respect to single jobs within the company, while ‘movers’ refers to individuals changing jobs both within and between companies. Core estimates concern real hourly standard wage rates. Additional features include…
Real Wage Cyclicality of Job Stayers, Within-Company Job Movers, and Between-Company Job Movers
Using the British New Earnings Survey Panel Data for 1975-2001, the authors estimate the wage cyclicality (the degree to which wage levels rise and fall with economic upturns and downturns) of three groups: job stayers, within-company job movers, and between-company job movers. Wages of internal movers, they find, were slightly more procyclical, and wages of external movers considerably more procyclical, than those of stayers. The greater cyclica…
Paying the Piper? Implications of Social Insurance Payments for Conflict Propensity
State leaders must often address domestic and foreign-policy concerns simultane-ously, though doing so can be complicated and risky. One way in which leaders can seek to satisfy domestic demands and pursue foreign policy goals simultaneously is by implementing policies that complement one another; i.e., the implementation of one policy influences the ease with which the other policy can be implemented. For instance, one manner in which leaders ca…
Wages, Hours, and Overtime Premia
Unlike the United States, Britain has no national laws regulating overtime hour assignment or compensation. Using individual-level data on male non-managerial workers from the 1998 British New Earnings Survey, the authors investigate relationships among the standard hourly wage rate, hourly earnings (including overtime), the overtime premium, and the length of overtime hours. They find that when overtime is accounted for, average hourly wage earn…
Hours and Wages in the Depression
Work and Pay in Japan
Democracy and the Successful Use of Economic Sanctions
Most analysts argue that economic sanctions are a relatively poor policy tool. In this article I build on a theoretical framework which has the leaders of states being primarily interested in retaining office dometically. Because of this, leaders of some states (i.e., democracies) can effetively tie their hands internationally by using aggressive foreign policy actions. I argue that democracies should be, on average, more successful when using ec…
Selection effects and dispute escalation
Recent research offers inconsistent evidence on the relationship between regime type and the escalation of disputes that do not go to war. We add to this ongoing discussion by evaluating the effect of regime type and status quo evaluations on state decisions to escalate international disputes. We analyze 1,530 bilateral Militarized Interstate Disputes (MIDs) between 1816–1985 using ordered probit models to estimate the effects of regime type and …
Procyclical Labour Productivity
At 4‐digit United States manufacturing industry level, we find evidence suggesting that the stylized fact of procyclical labour productivity should be treated with great caution. We use the NBER Manufacturing Productivity database to investigate the relationship between hourly labour productivity and real output for 450 industries for the years 1958–91. Labour productivity is significantly procyclical in 63% of industries and acyclical in 36%. In…
Unpaid Work
A substantial number of employees work additional non‐contract hours for no pay. We advance several economic explanations for this phenomenon. Empirical work is based on the UK Labour Force Survey for 1993/94. We establish the quantitative importance of unpaid work on overtime hours and hourly earnings for both males and females. We demonstrate, via Mincer wage growth equations, that accounting for unpaid work leads to significantly revised estim…
Controlling Duration Dependence in Conflict Analyses
Recent methodological work by Beck, Katz, and Tucker (1998) suggests that existing empirical analyses of binary time-series cross-section (BTSCS) data may be flawed. Analyses using such data fail to account for temporal dependence among observations of the dependent variable. In one such analysis, Lemke and Reed (1996) present a strong altemative to existing theoretical work on the democratic peace proposition. They are able to account for the la…
Human Capital, Employment and Bargaining
This book examines human capital investment, employment and bargaining at the level of the firm. It attempts a summary of results that incorporate both human capital investment and employment decisions within firm union bargaining models, emphasising investment in teams, or groups, of workers. The authors also examine human capital in relation to labour demand as well as the delineation between neoclassical and coalitional firms. Further they inv…
Excess Labour and the Business Cycle
Robert A. Hart, James R. Malley, Excess Labour and the Business Cycle: A Comparative Study of Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States, Economica, New Series, Vol. 63, No. 250 (May, 1996), pp. 325-342
An Empirical Test of The Audience Cost Proposition
Fearon (1994a) concludes that democracies should be less likely to back down in crises and thus be able signal resolve more effectively than autocratic states. The authors evaluate this argument against the population of conflicts identified by the SHERFACS phase-disaggregated conflict management data set. Their findings indicate that domestic characteristics of democracies enable them to communicate intentions effectively. Between 1945 and 1984,…
Labor Demand . Daniel S. Hamermesh
The Cost of Overtime Hours in British Production Industries
Both theoretical and empirical labour market papers that incorporate the workers-hours dichotomy often contain assumptions about shapes of the overtime premium schedules faced by industry. Using cross-section data for British production industries in three years of sharply contrasting economic climates (1981, 1984 and 1988), this paper investigates empirically the appropriate choice of schedule and, therefore, the industrial cost consequences of …
The Employment and Hours Effects of a Marginal Employment Subsidy
This paper extends a standard labor demand model in order to study the microeconomic effects of marginal employment subsidies. The analysis emphasizes the distinction between workers and hours per worker, and investigates subsidies with respect to both quasi-fixed and variable labor costs. The policy of granting marginal employment subsidies conditional on mandatory workweek reductions, as recently practiced in several European countries, is also…
Working Time and Employment
Working Time and Employment
1. Background and aims 2. Working Time and Employment in an International Perspective 3. A Labour Market Framework 4. Some Economic Concepts and Relationships 5. Employment Effects of Workweek Reductions: Theoretical Issues 6. Employment Effects of Workweek Reductions: Empirical Evidence 7. Part-Time Employment: The Demand and Supply of Workers and Hours 8. Hours, Layoffs and Implicit Contracts 9. Labour Subsidies and Social Security Funding 10. …
An Empirical Test of The Audience Cost Proposition
Fearon (1994a) concludes that democracies should be less likely to back down in crises and thus be able signal resolve more effectively than autocratic states. The authors evaluate this argument against the population of conflicts identified by the SHERFACS phase-disaggregated conflict management data set. Their findings indicate that domestic characteristics of democracies enable them to communicate intentions effectively. Between 1945 and 1984,…
Democracy and the Successful Use of Economic Sanctions
Most analysts argue that economic sanctions are a relatively poor policy tool. In this article I build on a theoretical framework which has the leaders of states being primarily interested in retaining office dometically. Because of this, leaders of some states (i.e., democracies) can effetively tie their hands internationally by using aggressive foreign policy actions. I argue that democracies should be, on average, more successful when using ec…
A model of inter-regional migration in England and Wales
Hart R. A. (1970) A model of inter-regional migration in England and Wales, Reg. Studies 4, 279–296. The causes of internal migration in Great Britain constitute a topic still largely unexplored. This study attempts to draw together various possible causal variables which are of interest both to the demographer and the economist. Using the most reliable source of migration statistics, the Census of Population, an examination is undertaken into th…
Forced to be Rich? Returns to Compulsory Schooling in Britain
Researchers using changes in compulsory schooling laws as instruments have typically estimated very high returns to additional schooling that are greater than the corresponding OLS estimates. Given that the first order source of bias in OLS is likely to be upward as more able individuals tend to obtain more education, such high estimates are usually rationalized as reflecting the fact that the group of individuals who are influenced by the law ch…
Working Time and Employment
1. Background and aims 2. Working Time and Employment in an International Perspective 3. A Labour Market Framework 4. Some Economic Concepts and Relationships 5. Employment Effects of Workweek Reductions: Theoretical Issues 6. Employment Effects of Workweek Reductions: Empirical Evidence 7. Part-Time Employment: The Demand and Supply of Workers and Hours 8. Hours, Layoffs and Implicit Contracts 9. Labour Subsidies and Social Security Funding 10. …
Real Wage Cyclicality of Job Stayers, Within-Company Job Movers, and Between-Company Job Movers
Using the British New Earnings Survey Panel Data for 1975-2001, the authors estimate the wage cyclicality (the degree to which wage levels rise and fall with economic upturns and downturns) of three groups: job stayers, within-company job movers, and between-company job movers. Wages of internal movers, they find, were slightly more procyclical, and wages of external movers considerably more procyclical, than those of stayers. The greater cyclica…
The Economic Influences On Internal Labour Force Migration 1
Controlling Duration Dependence in Conflict Analyses
Recent methodological work by Beck, Katz, and Tucker (1998) suggests that existing empirical analyses of binary time-series cross-section (BTSCS) data may be flawed. Analyses using such data fail to account for temporal dependence among observations of the dependent variable. In one such analysis, Lemke and Reed (1996) present a strong altemative to existing theoretical work on the democratic peace proposition. They are able to account for the la…
Worker–Job Matches, Job Mobility and Real Wage Cyclicality
Using the British New Earnings Survey Panel Data (NESPD), this paper examines male and female real wage cyclicality over the period 1975–2001. Estimation is undertaken separately for job stayers and job movers. ‘Stayers’ are defined with respect to single jobs within the company, while ‘movers’ refers to individuals changing jobs both within and between companies. Core estimates concern real hourly standard wage rates. Additional features include…
The Spot Market Matters
Based on the methodology of Beaudry and DiNardo (1991) , this paper investigates the relative importance of the spot market and implicit contracts in the determination of British real wages. Empirical work is carried out separately for males and females with individual‐level data taken from the New Earnings Survey Panel for the years 1976–2001. In contrast to previous studies that used North American data, the spot market is found to be more impo…
Economic expectations and the decision to migrate
Hart R. A. (1973) Economic expectations and the decision to migrate: An analysis by socio-economic group, Reg. Studies 7, 271–285. This paper contains two main findings. Firstly, there is both theoretical and empirical justification for the view that inter-regional migration in Great Britain is a function of the income and the employment expectations of potential migrants rather than their observation of spatial economic differentials at a point …
Women doing men’s work and women doing women’s work
Paying the Piper? Implications of Social Insurance Payments for Conflict Propensity
State leaders must often address domestic and foreign-policy concerns simultane-ously, though doing so can be complicated and risky. One way in which leaders can seek to satisfy domestic demands and pursue foreign policy goals simultaneously is by implementing policies that complement one another; i.e., the implementation of one policy influences the ease with which the other policy can be implemented. For instance, one manner in which leaders ca…
Wages, Hours, and Overtime Premia
Unlike the United States, Britain has no national laws regulating overtime hour assignment or compensation. Using individual-level data on male non-managerial workers from the 1998 British New Earnings Survey, the authors investigate relationships among the standard hourly wage rate, hourly earnings (including overtime), the overtime premium, and the length of overtime hours. They find that when overtime is accounted for, average hourly wage earn…
Hours and Wages in the Depression
Selection effects and dispute escalation
Recent research offers inconsistent evidence on the relationship between regime type and the escalation of disputes that do not go to war. We add to this ongoing discussion by evaluating the effect of regime type and status quo evaluations on state decisions to escalate international disputes. We analyze 1,530 bilateral Militarized Interstate Disputes (MIDs) between 1816–1985 using ordered probit models to estimate the effects of regime type and …
Excess Labour and the Business Cycle
Robert A. Hart, James R. Malley, Excess Labour and the Business Cycle: A Comparative Study of Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States, Economica, New Series, Vol. 63, No. 250 (May, 1996), pp. 325-342
Hours, Layoffs and Unemployment Insurance Funding
The strikingly different behaviour of important economic aggregates in the United States and other industrial countries has received surprisingly little attention from economists. Among recent exceptions, however, Gordon (1982) has shown that wages and hours of work are much more flexible in the United Kingdom and Japan than in the United States. This paper offers an explanation for the contrasting layoff and hours of work experience between the …
Date of birth and selective schooling
We compare the probabilities of selective (grammar) school entry in England and Wales before and after the 1944 Education Act. The Act had direct and indirect influences on the costs of grammar education and on entry‐exam coverage, design and marking methodology. Post‐1944, grammar school entry among children born in the middle of the school year improved considerably. We argue that age‐adjusted group standardized testing was an important contrib…
Procyclical Labour Productivity
At 4‐digit United States manufacturing industry level, we find evidence suggesting that the stylized fact of procyclical labour productivity should be treated with great caution. We use the NBER Manufacturing Productivity database to investigate the relationship between hourly labour productivity and real output for 450 industries for the years 1958–91. Labour productivity is significantly procyclical in 63% of industries and acyclical in 36%. In…
The Cost of Overtime Hours in British Production Industries
Both theoretical and empirical labour market papers that incorporate the workers-hours dichotomy often contain assumptions about shapes of the overtime premium schedules faced by industry. Using cross-section data for British production industries in three years of sharply contrasting economic climates (1981, 1984 and 1988), this paper investigates empirically the appropriate choice of schedule and, therefore, the industrial cost consequences of …
The Employment and Hours Effects of a Marginal Employment Subsidy
This paper extends a standard labor demand model in order to study the microeconomic effects of marginal employment subsidies. The analysis emphasizes the distinction between workers and hours per worker, and investigates subsidies with respect to both quasi-fixed and variable labor costs. The policy of granting marginal employment subsidies conditional on mandatory workweek reductions, as recently practiced in several European countries, is also…
The Regional Demand for Labour Services
Employment Creation in the Development Areas
The Regional Growth in Employment in the Manufacturing and Service Sectors,1960–1975
Benjamin Franklin Isherwood, Naval Engineer
Benjamin Franklin Isherwood, Naval Engineer: The Years as Engineer in Chief, 1861–1869. By Edward William Sloan, III. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute, 1965 and John Roach, Maritime Entrepreneur: The Years as Naval Contractor, 1862–1886. By Leonard Alexander Swann, Jr. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute, 1965 Get access Robert A. Hart Robert A. Hart University of Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academi…
The Great White Fleet
Journal Article The Great White Fleet: Its Voyage Around the World, 1907–1909. By Robert A. Hart. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1965. xiii + 362 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliographical note, and index. $6.95.) Get access Raymond A. Esthus Raymond A. Esthus Tulane University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 53, Issue 1, June 1966, Pages 150–151, https://doi.org/10.2307/1893968…
Challenge and Rejection
Journal Article Challenge and Rejection: The United States and World Leadership, 1900–1924. By Julius W. Pratt. American Diplomatic History Series. (New York: Macmillan, 1967. viii + 248 pp. Notes, appendix, bibliography, and index. $5.95.) Get access Robert A. Hart Robert A. Hart University of Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 54, Issue 3, December 1967, Pag…
A model of inter-regional migration in England and Wales
Hart R. A. (1970) A model of inter-regional migration in England and Wales, Reg. Studies 4, 279–296. The causes of internal migration in Great Britain constitute a topic still largely unexplored. This study attempts to draw together various possible causal variables which are of interest both to the demographer and the economist. Using the most reliable source of migration statistics, the Census of Population, an examination is undertaken into th…
The Distribution of New Industrial Building in the 1960's
The Uncertain Crusade
The Regional Growth in Employment in the Manufacturing and Service Sectors,1960–1975
The Economic Influences On Internal Labour Force Migration 1
Employment Creation in the Development Areas
Economic expectations and the decision to migrate
Hart R. A. (1973) Economic expectations and the decision to migrate: An analysis by socio-economic group, Reg. Studies 7, 271–285. This paper contains two main findings. Firstly, there is both theoretical and empirical justification for the view that inter-regional migration in Great Britain is a function of the income and the employment expectations of potential migrants rather than their observation of spatial economic differentials at a point …
The Eccentric Tradition
Journal Article The Eccentric Tradition: American Diplomacy in the Far East. By Robert A. Hart. (New York: Scribner's, 1976. 277 pp. Maps, illustrations, reading suggestions, and index. Cloth, $10.95; paper, $4.95.) Get access Thomas H. Buckley Thomas H. Buckley University of Tulsa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 64, Issue 2, September 1977, Pages 490–491, https://doi.or…
Wage Inflation, Regional Policy and the Regional Earnings Structure
This paper attempts an explanation of the behaviour of the regional earnings struicture through time with particular emphasis on the underlying mechanism that holds the structure together. Earnings data that relate to the British engineering industry are used as the basis for statistical tests. Earlier analysis of these data (Hart and MacKay, 1974) revealed that, for the interwar and postwar periods, the regional earnings hierarchy appears to be …
The Regional Demand for Labour Services
The Economics of Non-Wage Labour Costs
Hours, Layoffs and Unemployment Insurance Funding
The strikingly different behaviour of important economic aggregates in the United States and other industrial countries has received surprisingly little attention from economists. Among recent exceptions, however, Gordon (1982) has shown that wages and hours of work are much more flexible in the United Kingdom and Japan than in the United States. This paper offers an explanation for the contrasting layoff and hours of work experience between the …
The Economics of Non-Wage Labour Costs
1. Introduction 2. The Structure of Non-wage Labour Costs: Definitions and Distinctions 3. The Quantitative Importance of Non-wage Labour Costs 4. Why do Firms incur such Costs? 5. Factor Substitution and Non-wage Labour Costs 6. Cyclical Employment Effects 7. Wage Inflation and Wage Rigidities 8. Unemployment Insurance, Other Obligatory Social Welfare Contributions and Unemployment 9. Worksharing and Non-wage Labour Costs 10. Fringe Benefit Paym…
Working Time and Employment
1. Background and aims 2. Working Time and Employment in an International Perspective 3. A Labour Market Framework 4. Some Economic Concepts and Relationships 5. Employment Effects of Workweek Reductions: Theoretical Issues 6. Employment Effects of Workweek Reductions: Empirical Evidence 7. Part-Time Employment: The Demand and Supply of Workers and Hours 8. Hours, Layoffs and Implicit Contracts 9. Labour Subsidies and Social Security Funding 10. …
The Employment and Hours Effects of a Marginal Employment Subsidy
This paper extends a standard labor demand model in order to study the microeconomic effects of marginal employment subsidies. The analysis emphasizes the distinction between workers and hours per worker, and investigates subsidies with respect to both quasi-fixed and variable labor costs. The policy of granting marginal employment subsidies conditional on mandatory workweek reductions, as recently practiced in several European countries, is also…
Working Time and Employment
The Cost of Overtime Hours in British Production Industries
Both theoretical and empirical labour market papers that incorporate the workers-hours dichotomy often contain assumptions about shapes of the overtime premium schedules faced by industry. Using cross-section data for British production industries in three years of sharply contrasting economic climates (1981, 1984 and 1988), this paper investigates empirically the appropriate choice of schedule and, therefore, the industrial cost consequences of …
Labor Demand . Daniel S. Hamermesh
Excess Labour and the Business Cycle
Robert A. Hart, James R. Malley, Excess Labour and the Business Cycle: A Comparative Study of Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States, Economica, New Series, Vol. 63, No. 250 (May, 1996), pp. 325-342
An Empirical Test of The Audience Cost Proposition
Fearon (1994a) concludes that democracies should be less likely to back down in crises and thus be able signal resolve more effectively than autocratic states. The authors evaluate this argument against the population of conflicts identified by the SHERFACS phase-disaggregated conflict management data set. Their findings indicate that domestic characteristics of democracies enable them to communicate intentions effectively. Between 1945 and 1984,…
Controlling Duration Dependence in Conflict Analyses
Recent methodological work by Beck, Katz, and Tucker (1998) suggests that existing empirical analyses of binary time-series cross-section (BTSCS) data may be flawed. Analyses using such data fail to account for temporal dependence among observations of the dependent variable. In one such analysis, Lemke and Reed (1996) present a strong altemative to existing theoretical work on the democratic peace proposition. They are able to account for the la…
Human Capital, Employment and Bargaining
This book examines human capital investment, employment and bargaining at the level of the firm. It attempts a summary of results that incorporate both human capital investment and employment decisions within firm union bargaining models, emphasising investment in teams, or groups, of workers. The authors also examine human capital in relation to labour demand as well as the delineation between neoclassical and coalitional firms. Further they inv…
Economics (35 obras) · Political science (21 obras) · Labour economics (16 obras) · Labor market dynamics and wage inequality (15 obras) · Computer Science (14 obras) · Law (14 obras) · Sociology (14 obras) · Law (13 obras) · Econometrics (11 obras) · Politics (10 obras)