Pamela J Byard
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 74835 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Pamela J Byard |
| NOMBRES | Pamela J |
| APELLIDO | Byard |
| FIRMA | BYARD P J |
| AFILIACIONES | Case Western Reserve University |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 23 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 74 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 23 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1978 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1994 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
The adolescent growth spurt in children with cystic fibrosis
The adolescent spurt in 230 children with cystic fibrosis (CF) treated at the Cleveland CF centre in northeastern Ohio was compared to that found in normal children from the Fels Longitudinal Growth Study in southwestern Ohio. The Preece-Baines Model 1 (PB1) growth equation was applied to longitudinal height data from both samples to describe a large number of data points for each child in terms of a few biologically meaningful parameters, such a…
Family resemblance for Preece‐Baines growth curve parameters in the fels longitudinal growth study
The Preece‐Baines Model 1 (PB1) nonlinear regression equation was fit to serial stature measurements from 456 participants in the Fels Longitudinal Growth Study. The resulting model parameters and derived biological parameters, such as age, stature, and velocity at take‐off (TO) and peak velocity (PV) are analyzed for family resemblance in 228 nuclear families through estimation of familial correlations and path coefficients. Significant family r…
Family resemblance for patterns of growth in early childhood
Parameters of the Jenss curve representing linear and non‐linear components of growth in early childhood were fitted to longitudinal recumbent length and weight measurements from participants in the Fels Longitudinal Growth Study. Nuclear family correlations were estimated for each of four Jenss parameters (a linear intercept and slope and a non‐linear intercept and degree of curve) for length and for weight. The TAU path model was fit to the cor…
Model fitting to early childhood length and weight data from the fels longitudinal study of growth
Length and weight data from 3 months to 6 years of age from 466 participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study of Growth were used to fit the Jenss non‐linear growth curve. Six (1%) of the Fels participants had extremely outlying values for length parameters, and 20 (4%) had outlying values for weight parameters. The general pattern in the outliers is for average or below average size in infancy, followed by unusually rapid growth or weight gain in …
Early childhood growth in patients with cystic fibrosis
Longitudinal recumbent length data on 65 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients from 3 months to 6 years of age were used to fit two mathematical models of early childhood growth. The results were compared to published data from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Health and Development at the Harvard School of Public Health. The median values for girls with CF indicate essentially normal growth in the first year of life, whereas CF boys are slightly smalle…
X‐linked pattern of inheritance for serial measures of weight/stature 2
The pattern of family resemblance for long‐term serial measures of weight/stature 2 (W/S 2 ) in approximately 500 individuals from the Fels Longitudinal Growth Study suggests that X‐linked genes may be contributing to the variability in this trait among children, particularly during the prepubertal age range of 2–9 years. In this data set, W/S 2 was measured serially at the same ages in all family members. Thus, a parent‐child correlation at a sp…
Relationship between clinical parameters and linear growth in children with cystic fibrosis
Mixed longitudinal height data from 1,170 cystic fibrosis patients seen at Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital in Cleveland form the basis for this analysis. As a group, the patients experience growth retardation throughout the growth cycle, with median height values below the 25th percentile of NCHS standards until late adolescence. Median height increments are also below normal standards until age 16 years in boys and 14 years in girls. Based…
Familial aggregation of blood pressure and anthropometric variables in patrilocal households
Fifty‐three households in a small Indian fishing community were surveyed for blood pressure, pulse rate, and anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and three skinfolds). In addition to nuclear family relationships, correlations for extended family members and in‐laws living within a common household were estimated by maximum likelihood. Based on likelihood ratio tests, the hypothesis that correlations among genetically unrelated pairs from …
Age trends in transmissible and non-transmissible components of family resemblance for stature
Yearly measurements of recumbent length and stature on participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study of Growth and their first-degree relatives were submitted to path analysis. Using a model consistent with simple polygenic inheritance, two parameters were estimated at each age: t2 or transmissibility, and s, or non-transmissible sibling resemblance. Transmissibility showed no long-term age trends, whereas non-transmissible sibling resemblance decl…
Family resemblance for anthropometric and blood pressure measurements in black Caribs and Creoles from St. Vincent Island
This paper examines family resemblance for five anthropometric measurements (height, weight, triceps skinfold, upper arm circumference relaxed [UACR] and flexed [UACF] and for systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a group of adult Caribbean islanders of primarily African ancestry. Six hypotheses about family resemblance are tested by using path analysis and likelihood ratios. Significant intergenerational transmission is found only for height …
Path analysis of family resemblance for cranio-facial traits in Andhra Pradesh nuclear families and twins
Path analysis of 12 cranio-facial measurements from a sample of nuclear families and twins from Andhra Pradesh, India is used to test hypotheses about the familial transmission of these traits. For bigonial breadth and ear dimensions, the transmission from parent to child is consistent with simple autosomal polygenic inheritance, but length, breadth and circumference of the head, facial breadth and nose dimensions show evidence of transmission in…
Sex and Age Variation in the Skin Color of Irish Children
Family resemblance for cranio‐facial measurements in Velanti Brahmins from Andhra Pradesh, India
Maximum likelihood estimates of familial correlations are presented for 12 cranio‐facial measurements taken on 399 nuclear families from Southern India. Marital resemblance is significantly different from zero for head circumference, head breadth, minimum frontal breadth, bizygomatic breadth, total facial height, and nasal height, but not for bigonial breadth, nose breadth, nose depth, or ear dimensions. All other familial correlations are signif…
A family study of anthropometric traits in a Punjabi community
Data on 40 anthropometric measurements from 144 nuclear families in Chandigarh, India, are presented. Most families contain a pair of monozygotic or dizygotic twins, one or more singleton siblings, and their parents. Familial correlations for age‐sex standardized, normalized measurements are estimated by maximum likelihood for marital, parent‐child, sibling, and twin pairs. Heterogeneity tests for sex‐specific subtype correlations (male‐male, mal…
A family study of anthropometric traits in a Punjabi community
Path analysis is used to characterize family resemblance for anthropometrics in twins and nuclear families from the Punjabi population of India. Significant positive assortative mating exists with respect to many body measurements, but not for cranial or facial variables. Evidence of a maternal effect for five measurements of bone diameter is reported. Twin resemblance is increased by a component not found in other pairs of relatives for all vari…
Admixture and Heterozygosity in West Alaskan Populations
Average heterozygosities for four communities (Savoonga and Gambell on St Lawrence Island, the King Island community now located in Nome, and Wales) are computed from blood allele frequencies. No significant relationship is found between this measure of heterozygosity and the amount of European admixture calculated from gamma globulin haplotype frequencies, indicating that forces other than European gene flow are affecting relative heterozygosity…
Familial correlations for serial measurements of recumbent length and stature
Familial correlation coefficients were calculated for recumbent length or stature measured serially on participants in the Fels Longitudinal Growth Study and for short-term serial or cross-sectional measurements on relatives of participants. Pairs of relatives are compared at the same chronological ages from 1 to 18 years in 1-year increments and again in adulthood. First-degree relatives are more similar than second- or third-degree relatives at…
Skin colorimetry in Belize. II. Inter‐ and intra‐population variation
Skin colorimetry readings taken in Belize, Central America (formerly British Honduras) with the two most commonly used portable reflectometers reveal significant differences in mean reflectance between Garifuna (Black Caribs) and Creoles, and between Garifuna in two settlements. These differences are related to variation in African, Indian, and European admixture, as estimated from serological markers. Sex differences are not evident in univariat…
Estimating the number of loci determining skin colour in a hybrid population
A model developed by Stern to estimate the number of loci determining human skin colour in African-European hybrid populations is tested on recently collected reflectance data. Despite improved measurement scales and admixture estimates, and the use of statistical goodness-of-fit tests, contradictory results are obtained. It is shown that previous authors' use of visual inspection to compare expected and observed phenotype distributions introduce…
Quantitative genetics of human skin color
Skin color has long been of interest to human geneticists and often used as an example of a human quantitative trait under relatively wellunderstood genetic control. Although the basic biology of melanin production and the method of measurement are areas in which skin color studies are fairly well advanced, compared to other quantitative traits, the evolutionary significance and mode of inheritance are still being debated. In view of the many ste…
New conversion formulae for light‐skinned populations using Photovolt and E.E.L. Reflectometers
Recent research in Belize revealed that published conversion coefficients for use between the two most commonly used reflectance spectro‐photometers were inadequate when applied to dark‐skinned populations. New research in Ireland shows that the published conversion coefficients for light‐skinned populations are also inadequate. A total of 320 school children from Longford, Ireland were measured for skin reflectances at the upper inner arm site w…
Skin colorimetry in belize. I. Conversion formulae
Comparisons between skin colorimetry reports have been hampered by the common use of two different types of portable reflectometers, which sample reflectances at different wavelengths. In an attempt to provide direct comparability between the two machines, multiple linear regression equations were derived from reflectance spectrophotometry readings on 308 Black Caribs and 175 Creoles in Belize, Central America, using both machines. Cross validati…
Interobserver error in human skin colorimetry
Twenty light‐skinned adults were measured at the upper inner arm site using two commonly used reflectance spectrophotometers. Each subject was measured by each of three investigators to assess the influence of interobserver error on the reflectance readings. A repeated measures design analysis of variance showed no significant variance component due to observers
Quantitative genetics of human skin color
Skin color has long been of interest to human geneticists and often used as an example of a human quantitative trait under relatively wellunderstood genetic control. Although the basic biology of melanin production and the method of measurement are areas in which skin color studies are fairly well advanced, compared to other quantitative traits, the evolutionary significance and mode of inheritance are still being debated. In view of the many ste…
Skin colorimetry in belize. I. Conversion formulae
Comparisons between skin colorimetry reports have been hampered by the common use of two different types of portable reflectometers, which sample reflectances at different wavelengths. In an attempt to provide direct comparability between the two machines, multiple linear regression equations were derived from reflectance spectrophotometry readings on 308 Black Caribs and 175 Creoles in Belize, Central America, using both machines. Cross validati…
A family study of anthropometric traits in a Punjabi community
Path analysis is used to characterize family resemblance for anthropometrics in twins and nuclear families from the Punjabi population of India. Significant positive assortative mating exists with respect to many body measurements, but not for cranial or facial variables. Evidence of a maternal effect for five measurements of bone diameter is reported. Twin resemblance is increased by a component not found in other pairs of relatives for all vari…
A family study of anthropometric traits in a Punjabi community
Data on 40 anthropometric measurements from 144 nuclear families in Chandigarh, India, are presented. Most families contain a pair of monozygotic or dizygotic twins, one or more singleton siblings, and their parents. Familial correlations for age‐sex standardized, normalized measurements are estimated by maximum likelihood for marital, parent‐child, sibling, and twin pairs. Heterogeneity tests for sex‐specific subtype correlations (male‐male, mal…
Skin colorimetry in Belize. II. Inter‐ and intra‐population variation
Skin colorimetry readings taken in Belize, Central America (formerly British Honduras) with the two most commonly used portable reflectometers reveal significant differences in mean reflectance between Garifuna (Black Caribs) and Creoles, and between Garifuna in two settlements. These differences are related to variation in African, Indian, and European admixture, as estimated from serological markers. Sex differences are not evident in univariat…
Interobserver error in human skin colorimetry
Twenty light‐skinned adults were measured at the upper inner arm site using two commonly used reflectance spectrophotometers. Each subject was measured by each of three investigators to assess the influence of interobserver error on the reflectance readings. A repeated measures design analysis of variance showed no significant variance component due to observers
Family resemblance for cranio‐facial measurements in Velanti Brahmins from Andhra Pradesh, India
Maximum likelihood estimates of familial correlations are presented for 12 cranio‐facial measurements taken on 399 nuclear families from Southern India. Marital resemblance is significantly different from zero for head circumference, head breadth, minimum frontal breadth, bizygomatic breadth, total facial height, and nasal height, but not for bigonial breadth, nose breadth, nose depth, or ear dimensions. All other familial correlations are signif…
Familial aggregation of blood pressure and anthropometric variables in patrilocal households
Fifty‐three households in a small Indian fishing community were surveyed for blood pressure, pulse rate, and anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and three skinfolds). In addition to nuclear family relationships, correlations for extended family members and in‐laws living within a common household were estimated by maximum likelihood. Based on likelihood ratio tests, the hypothesis that correlations among genetically unrelated pairs from …
Family resemblance for anthropometric and blood pressure measurements in black Caribs and Creoles from St. Vincent Island
This paper examines family resemblance for five anthropometric measurements (height, weight, triceps skinfold, upper arm circumference relaxed [UACR] and flexed [UACF] and for systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a group of adult Caribbean islanders of primarily African ancestry. Six hypotheses about family resemblance are tested by using path analysis and likelihood ratios. Significant intergenerational transmission is found only for height …
Sex and Age Variation in the Skin Color of Irish Children
Skin colorimetry in belize. I. Conversion formulae
Comparisons between skin colorimetry reports have been hampered by the common use of two different types of portable reflectometers, which sample reflectances at different wavelengths. In an attempt to provide direct comparability between the two machines, multiple linear regression equations were derived from reflectance spectrophotometry readings on 308 Black Caribs and 175 Creoles in Belize, Central America, using both machines. Cross validati…
Interobserver error in human skin colorimetry
Twenty light‐skinned adults were measured at the upper inner arm site using two commonly used reflectance spectrophotometers. Each subject was measured by each of three investigators to assess the influence of interobserver error on the reflectance readings. A repeated measures design analysis of variance showed no significant variance component due to observers
New conversion formulae for light‐skinned populations using Photovolt and E.E.L. Reflectometers
Recent research in Belize revealed that published conversion coefficients for use between the two most commonly used reflectance spectro‐photometers were inadequate when applied to dark‐skinned populations. New research in Ireland shows that the published conversion coefficients for light‐skinned populations are also inadequate. A total of 320 school children from Longford, Ireland were measured for skin reflectances at the upper inner arm site w…
Estimating the number of loci determining skin colour in a hybrid population
A model developed by Stern to estimate the number of loci determining human skin colour in African-European hybrid populations is tested on recently collected reflectance data. Despite improved measurement scales and admixture estimates, and the use of statistical goodness-of-fit tests, contradictory results are obtained. It is shown that previous authors' use of visual inspection to compare expected and observed phenotype distributions introduce…
Quantitative genetics of human skin color
Skin color has long been of interest to human geneticists and often used as an example of a human quantitative trait under relatively wellunderstood genetic control. Although the basic biology of melanin production and the method of measurement are areas in which skin color studies are fairly well advanced, compared to other quantitative traits, the evolutionary significance and mode of inheritance are still being debated. In view of the many ste…
Skin colorimetry in Belize. II. Inter‐ and intra‐population variation
Skin colorimetry readings taken in Belize, Central America (formerly British Honduras) with the two most commonly used portable reflectometers reveal significant differences in mean reflectance between Garifuna (Black Caribs) and Creoles, and between Garifuna in two settlements. These differences are related to variation in African, Indian, and European admixture, as estimated from serological markers. Sex differences are not evident in univariat…
Admixture and Heterozygosity in West Alaskan Populations
Average heterozygosities for four communities (Savoonga and Gambell on St Lawrence Island, the King Island community now located in Nome, and Wales) are computed from blood allele frequencies. No significant relationship is found between this measure of heterozygosity and the amount of European admixture calculated from gamma globulin haplotype frequencies, indicating that forces other than European gene flow are affecting relative heterozygosity…
Familial correlations for serial measurements of recumbent length and stature
Familial correlation coefficients were calculated for recumbent length or stature measured serially on participants in the Fels Longitudinal Growth Study and for short-term serial or cross-sectional measurements on relatives of participants. Pairs of relatives are compared at the same chronological ages from 1 to 18 years in 1-year increments and again in adulthood. First-degree relatives are more similar than second- or third-degree relatives at…
Family resemblance for cranio‐facial measurements in Velanti Brahmins from Andhra Pradesh, India
Maximum likelihood estimates of familial correlations are presented for 12 cranio‐facial measurements taken on 399 nuclear families from Southern India. Marital resemblance is significantly different from zero for head circumference, head breadth, minimum frontal breadth, bizygomatic breadth, total facial height, and nasal height, but not for bigonial breadth, nose breadth, nose depth, or ear dimensions. All other familial correlations are signif…
A family study of anthropometric traits in a Punjabi community
Data on 40 anthropometric measurements from 144 nuclear families in Chandigarh, India, are presented. Most families contain a pair of monozygotic or dizygotic twins, one or more singleton siblings, and their parents. Familial correlations for age‐sex standardized, normalized measurements are estimated by maximum likelihood for marital, parent‐child, sibling, and twin pairs. Heterogeneity tests for sex‐specific subtype correlations (male‐male, mal…
A family study of anthropometric traits in a Punjabi community
Path analysis is used to characterize family resemblance for anthropometrics in twins and nuclear families from the Punjabi population of India. Significant positive assortative mating exists with respect to many body measurements, but not for cranial or facial variables. Evidence of a maternal effect for five measurements of bone diameter is reported. Twin resemblance is increased by a component not found in other pairs of relatives for all vari…
Path analysis of family resemblance for cranio-facial traits in Andhra Pradesh nuclear families and twins
Path analysis of 12 cranio-facial measurements from a sample of nuclear families and twins from Andhra Pradesh, India is used to test hypotheses about the familial transmission of these traits. For bigonial breadth and ear dimensions, the transmission from parent to child is consistent with simple autosomal polygenic inheritance, but length, breadth and circumference of the head, facial breadth and nose dimensions show evidence of transmission in…
Sex and Age Variation in the Skin Color of Irish Children
Family resemblance for anthropometric and blood pressure measurements in black Caribs and Creoles from St. Vincent Island
This paper examines family resemblance for five anthropometric measurements (height, weight, triceps skinfold, upper arm circumference relaxed [UACR] and flexed [UACF] and for systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a group of adult Caribbean islanders of primarily African ancestry. Six hypotheses about family resemblance are tested by using path analysis and likelihood ratios. Significant intergenerational transmission is found only for height …
Age trends in transmissible and non-transmissible components of family resemblance for stature
Yearly measurements of recumbent length and stature on participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study of Growth and their first-degree relatives were submitted to path analysis. Using a model consistent with simple polygenic inheritance, two parameters were estimated at each age: t2 or transmissibility, and s, or non-transmissible sibling resemblance. Transmissibility showed no long-term age trends, whereas non-transmissible sibling resemblance decl…
X‐linked pattern of inheritance for serial measures of weight/stature 2
The pattern of family resemblance for long‐term serial measures of weight/stature 2 (W/S 2 ) in approximately 500 individuals from the Fels Longitudinal Growth Study suggests that X‐linked genes may be contributing to the variability in this trait among children, particularly during the prepubertal age range of 2–9 years. In this data set, W/S 2 was measured serially at the same ages in all family members. Thus, a parent‐child correlation at a sp…
Relationship between clinical parameters and linear growth in children with cystic fibrosis
Mixed longitudinal height data from 1,170 cystic fibrosis patients seen at Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital in Cleveland form the basis for this analysis. As a group, the patients experience growth retardation throughout the growth cycle, with median height values below the 25th percentile of NCHS standards until late adolescence. Median height increments are also below normal standards until age 16 years in boys and 14 years in girls. Based…
Familial aggregation of blood pressure and anthropometric variables in patrilocal households
Fifty‐three households in a small Indian fishing community were surveyed for blood pressure, pulse rate, and anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and three skinfolds). In addition to nuclear family relationships, correlations for extended family members and in‐laws living within a common household were estimated by maximum likelihood. Based on likelihood ratio tests, the hypothesis that correlations among genetically unrelated pairs from …
Early childhood growth in patients with cystic fibrosis
Longitudinal recumbent length data on 65 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients from 3 months to 6 years of age were used to fit two mathematical models of early childhood growth. The results were compared to published data from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Health and Development at the Harvard School of Public Health. The median values for girls with CF indicate essentially normal growth in the first year of life, whereas CF boys are slightly smalle…
Family resemblance for patterns of growth in early childhood
Parameters of the Jenss curve representing linear and non‐linear components of growth in early childhood were fitted to longitudinal recumbent length and weight measurements from participants in the Fels Longitudinal Growth Study. Nuclear family correlations were estimated for each of four Jenss parameters (a linear intercept and slope and a non‐linear intercept and degree of curve) for length and for weight. The TAU path model was fit to the cor…
Model fitting to early childhood length and weight data from the fels longitudinal study of growth
Length and weight data from 3 months to 6 years of age from 466 participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study of Growth were used to fit the Jenss non‐linear growth curve. Six (1%) of the Fels participants had extremely outlying values for length parameters, and 20 (4%) had outlying values for weight parameters. The general pattern in the outliers is for average or below average size in infancy, followed by unusually rapid growth or weight gain in …
Family resemblance for Preece‐Baines growth curve parameters in the fels longitudinal growth study
The Preece‐Baines Model 1 (PB1) nonlinear regression equation was fit to serial stature measurements from 456 participants in the Fels Longitudinal Growth Study. The resulting model parameters and derived biological parameters, such as age, stature, and velocity at take‐off (TO) and peak velocity (PV) are analyzed for family resemblance in 228 nuclear families through estimation of familial correlations and path coefficients. Significant family r…
The adolescent growth spurt in children with cystic fibrosis
The adolescent spurt in 230 children with cystic fibrosis (CF) treated at the Cleveland CF centre in northeastern Ohio was compared to that found in normal children from the Fels Longitudinal Growth Study in southwestern Ohio. The Preece-Baines Model 1 (PB1) growth equation was applied to longitudinal height data from both samples to describe a large number of data points for each child in terms of a few biologically meaningful parameters, such a…
Demography (16 obras) · Statistics (16 obras) · Mathematics (15 obras) · Biology (11 obras) · Psychology (9 obras) · Developmental psychology (8 obras) · Medicine (8 obras) · Sibling (8 obras) · Genetics (6 obras) · Internal Medicine (6 obras)