R E Taylor
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 7539 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | R E Taylor |
| NOMBRES | R E |
| APELLIDO | Taylor |
| FIRMA | TAYLOR R E |
| AFILIACIONES | University of California, Riverside |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5299-8296 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 63 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 395 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 61 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1967 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2021 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Navigating Identity
The 1943 Battle of Tarawa resulted in the loss of approximately 1,000 US service members on or around Betio Island, Tarawa Atoll, Republic of Kiribati. Nearly half these casualties were accounted for after the battle. The Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) has worked to identify the remaining ~510 unaccounted-for service members and has successfully identified ~160 service members to date. Demographic data pulled from historical documentati…
Radiocarbon Dating in Archaeology
Single-Year German oak and Californian Bristlecone Pine 14 C Data at the Beginning of the Hallstatt Plateau from 856 BC to 626 BC
As part of the ongoing effort to improve the Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon ( 14 C) calibration curve, this study investigates the period of 856 BC to 626 BC (2805–2575 yr BP) with a total of 403 single-year 14 C measurements. In this age range, IntCal13 was constructed largely from German and Irish oak as well as Californian bristlecone pine 14 C dates, with most samples measured with a 10-yr resolution. The new data presented here is the first…
Radiocarbon Dating in Archaeology
Radiocarbon Dating and Intercomparison of Some Early Historical Radiocarbon Samples
We performed a new series of measurements on samples that were part of early measurements on radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating made in 1948–1949. Our results show generally good agreement to the data published in 1949–1951, despite vast changes in technology, with only two exceptions where there was a discrepancy in the original studies. Our new measurements give calibrated ages that overlap with the known ages. We dated several samples at four differen…
Misunderstandings Concerning the Significance of AMS Background 14 C Measurements
We consider one misconception of those who currently reject the general validity of radiocarbon ( 14 C) age determinations older than, at most, 10,000 BP. There is an allegation that the presence of 14 C reported by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) laboratories in their measurements of 14 C infinite age (>100,000 years) organics used to define background levels, support their point of view. This article has been written for a general audience,…
Oh 83
There have been numerous attempts to use cranial anatomy to define the species Homo sapiens and identify it in the fossil record. These efforts have not met wide agreement by the scientific community due, in part, to the mosaic patterns of cranial variation represented by the fossils. The variable, mosaic pattern of trait expression in the crania of Middle and Late Pleistocene fossils implies that morphological modernity did not occur at once. Ho…
The Earliest Shell Fishhooks From the Americas Reveal Fishing Technology of Pleistocene Maritime Foragers
While the North American archaeological record signals the presence of early humans along the northeastern Pacific coast by the Late Pleistocene, we know little about the technological systems employed by these coastally oriented colonizing groups. We here report the discovery of the earliest unequivocal evidence for the use and manufacture of shell fishhooks in the western hemisphere. Four single-piece shell fishhooks dating to the terminal Plei…
Tar Trap
We radiocarbon dated the domestic dog found associated with La Brea Woman at the Rancho La Brea tar pits (Los Angeles, CA) to determine the validity of this human–dog connection. The domestic dog yielded a radiocarbon age of 3125 ± 25 14C yr BP (3250–3400 cal yr BP) and La Brea Woman had a re-dated age of 9080 ± 15 14C yr BP (10,220–10,250 cal yr BP). This ∼7000-year offset dispels the hypothesis this was an intentional and ceremonial human–dog b…
Responsibility for the Soul of the Child
Responsibility for the religious upbringing of the child is usually seen as a fundamental parental right and a matter for parental discretion. Concern over the rise of religious extremism and the threat that this may pose both for children brought up with extremist values and for the state itself, has put pressure on the limits of this parental freedom. The developing law within England shows a growing use of supposedly neutral values that act as…
Getting to the Bottom of It All
Fragmenting times
Passing of the Last of the Three Who Established 14 C Dating
Ernest Anderson, the last of the three scientists responsible for the initial research establishing the validity of the radiocarbon dating method at the University of Chicago in the late 1940s, has died. From early 1947 to the end of 1949, Anderson and James Arnold joined with Willard Libby to undertake three critical experiments, employing what one of them called a “procedure developed in hell” (solid carbon decay counting). They laid the founda…
Chronometric Dating in Archaeology
Chronometric Dating in Archaeology
Assessment of Interlaboratory Pretreatment Protocols by Radiocarbon Dating an Elk Bone Found Below Laacher See Tephra at Miesenheim IV (Rhineland, Germany)
Four accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facilities undertook an interlaboratory exercise designed to examine the reliability and reproducibility of radiocarbon determinations on bone by dating a sample of elk ( Alces alces ) from Miesenheim IV. This specimen is derived from a secure geological context directly beneath the Laacher See tephra, which provides a precise terminus ante quern of ∼11,060 yr BP (∼13,050 cal yr BP). Regrettably, the resul…
On the Resolution of 14 C Dating Anomalies
We submit that anomalies in radiocarbon data in archaeological studies should be viewed positively as a stimulus to undertake further targeted research. Additional analyses to resolve anomalies have the potential to provide important insights into heretofore unstudied or incompletely understood depositional or geochemical processes affecting 14 C values, particularly in certain types of samples and samples from certain types of environments. We c…
Hemp in ancient rope and fabric from the Christmas Cave in Israel
Alternative Explanations for Anomalous 14 C Ages on Human Skeletons Associated with the 612 BCE Destruction of Nineveh
Three factors—contamination, a dietary reservoir effect, and a regional δ 14 C anomaly—are considered as possible contributing explanations for an almost 2-century offset between the historically documented age of 612 BCE and the calibrated ages of 9 14 C determinations obtained on 3 human skeletons directly associated stratigraphically with an archaeologically—and historically—defined 612 BCE event at the ancient site of Nineveh in northern Meso…
Six Decades of Radiocarbon Dating in New World Archaeology
Radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating provided New World archaeological research with the first continent-wide common chronometric scale that transcended the mostly relative site- and region-specific chronological sequences that had been assembled during the preceding century of fieldwork. 14 C data continue to play a critical role in establishing a chronometric framework for the 5-century-long debate concerning the timing of the initial peopling of the New…
Bronze Age Burnt Mounds and Early Medieval Timber Structures at Town Farm Quarry, Burlescombe, Devon
A multi-period site was exposed during topsoil stripping at Town Farm Quarry, Burlescombe, Devon, in 2005. Surviving remains included two Bronze Age burnt mounds with timber-lined troughs and pits, and a collection of well-preserved timber structures associated with a natural spring, constructed in the seventh century AD. A complete leather shoe of the same date was recovered from the fill of a hollowed tree trunk, probably used as a wellhead. A …
Holocene Marine Reservoir Time Series ΔR Values from Cedros Island, Baja California
ΔR values have been calculated based on offsets in radiocarbon values exhibited in a series of stratigraphically paired charcoal and marine shell values, ranging from about 300 to 10,000 BP, excavated from archaeological sites on Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico. Based on this data, there appears to be the equivalent of about an 800-yr range in inferred ΔR values (-400 to 400 yr) exhibited in Holocene-age marine shells from this portion of …
Corn, Cucurbits, Cordage, and Colonization
Detailed attribute analysis of basketry and cordage remains from Pendejo Cave and the region encompassed by the Jornada Basin in south-central New Mexico has suggested that the introduction of non-local cultigens in the study area is signaled by the simultaneous and not unrelated appearance of bundle foundation coiling, twill plaiting, and final S twist cordage of north Mexican origin or affiliation. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbo…
Resolving an Anomolous Radiocarbon Determination on Mastodon Bone from Monte Verde, Chile
Previous 14C determinations obtained on two segments of a single mastodon bone recovered from Monte Verde, Chile, were highly discordant, differing by more than 5,000 years. Because of the significance of this site in discussions concerning the earliest peopling of the Western Hemisphere, additional 14C and new δ13C values have been obtained on organic fractions isolated from both segments. The constituent amino acid profiles indicate that both b…
Methods for the Study of Ancient Hair
Getting to the Bottom of It All
Clovis and Folsom age estimates
The events to do with peopling the New World archaeologically represented by 'Clovis' and 'Folsom' have been - tantalizingly - beyond the range of radiocarbon calibration. Now calibration extends further, one can ask if the aburptness of Clovis, of Folsom, and of the transition between them are realities. A calibrated chronology for those sites where the stratigraphic security is best shows these in truth are rapid human affairs
Fragmenting times
Radiocarbon Dating
Reduction in Backgrounds of Microsamples for AMS 14 C Dating
Vogel, Nelson and Southon (1987) determined that the total-system 14 C background values in catalytically reduced graphitic carbon samples of 500 mg or less were inversely proportional to their weights. We have used wood reportedly of Pliocene age ( i.e. , 14 C “dead”) to further examine this relation. Our observations are consistent with the conclusions of Vogel, Nelson and Southon (1987). It appears that contamination can be characterized as if…
Peopling of the New World
Major Revisions in the Pleistocene Age Assignments for North American Human Skeletons by C-14 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
Radiocarbon analyses by accelerator mass spectrometric (AMS) techniques on organic fractions of human bone from various North American localities previously assigned ages ranging from about 70,000 to 15,000 years B.P. now suggest that none of these skeletons is older than 11,000 C-14 years B.P
Methods for the Study of Ancient Hair
Radiocarbon Dating of Bone Osteocalcin
Osteocalcin, a non-collagen bone-matrix protein, has been examined as a possible source of autochthonous 14 C data in fossil bones where collagen has been seriously degraded. Extraction procedures for osteocalcin yield a well-characterized product that can be clearly distinguished from collagen. The Gla content indicates that osteocalcin is present in the fossil bones at levels similar to the range present in modern bone. However, it appears to b…
Geochemical criteria for thermal alteration of bone
Radiocarbon Dating of Biochemically Characterized Hair
A series of 14 C determinations have been obtained on hair samples principally from Holocene contexts that have been variously pretreated to examine different means of removing potential contamination. SEM photomicrographs have documented hair surfaces before and after different pretreatments. Amino-acid composition, C/N ratios and δ 13 C values have been obtained to biochemically characterize these samples and provide baseline data for future co…
Non-Concordance of Radiocarbon and Amino Acid Racemization Deduced Age Estimates on Human Bone
Radiocarbon determinations, employing both decay and direct counting, were obtained on various organic fractions of four human skeletal samples previously assigned ages ranging from 28,000 to 70,000 years on the basis of their D/L aspartic acid racemization values. In all four cases, the 14 C values require an order of magnitude reduction in age
Oh 83
There have been numerous attempts to use cranial anatomy to define the species Homo sapiens and identify it in the fossil record. These efforts have not met wide agreement by the scientific community due, in part, to the mosaic patterns of cranial variation represented by the fossils. The variable, mosaic pattern of trait expression in the crania of Middle and Late Pleistocene fossils implies that morphological modernity did not occur at once. Ho…
The Earliest Shell Fishhooks From the Americas Reveal Fishing Technology of Pleistocene Maritime Foragers
While the North American archaeological record signals the presence of early humans along the northeastern Pacific coast by the Late Pleistocene, we know little about the technological systems employed by these coastally oriented colonizing groups. We here report the discovery of the earliest unequivocal evidence for the use and manufacture of shell fishhooks in the western hemisphere. Four single-piece shell fishhooks dating to the terminal Plei…
Resolving an Anomolous Radiocarbon Determination on Mastodon Bone from Monte Verde, Chile
Previous 14C determinations obtained on two segments of a single mastodon bone recovered from Monte Verde, Chile, were highly discordant, differing by more than 5,000 years. Because of the significance of this site in discussions concerning the earliest peopling of the Western Hemisphere, additional 14C and new δ13C values have been obtained on organic fractions isolated from both segments. The constituent amino acid profiles indicate that both b…
Radiocarbon Analyses of Modern Organics at Monte Verde, Chile
Radiocarbon measurements have been obtained on contemporary plant samples collected at the site of Monte Verde, Chile, to examine the possibility that a locall4C reservoir effect impinges on the accuracy of thel4C values obtained on previously recovered archaeological samples. Thel4C activity of the modern plants do not reveal any offset from expected contemporaryl4C values and thus provide no support for a major postulated reservoir effect at le…
C Dating of Bone Using γ-Carboxyglutamic Acid and α-Carboxyglycine (Aminomalonate)
Radiocarbon determinations have been obtained on γ-carboxyglutamic acid [Gla] and α-carboxyglycine (aminomalonate) [Am] as well as acid- and base-hydrolyzed total amino acids isolated from a series of fossil bones. As far as we are aware, Am has not been reported previously in fossil bone and neither Gla nor Am 14 C values have been measured previously. Interest in Gla, an amino acid found in the non-collagen proteins osteocalcin and matrix Gla-p…
Early Native Americans
Assessment of Interlaboratory Pretreatment Protocols by Radiocarbon Dating an Elk Bone Found Below Laacher See Tephra at Miesenheim IV (Rhineland, Germany)
Four accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facilities undertook an interlaboratory exercise designed to examine the reliability and reproducibility of radiocarbon determinations on bone by dating a sample of elk ( Alces alces ) from Miesenheim IV. This specimen is derived from a secure geological context directly beneath the Laacher See tephra, which provides a precise terminus ante quern of ∼11,060 yr BP (∼13,050 cal yr BP). Regrettably, the resul…
Holocene Marine Reservoir Time Series ΔR Values from Cedros Island, Baja California
ΔR values have been calculated based on offsets in radiocarbon values exhibited in a series of stratigraphically paired charcoal and marine shell values, ranging from about 300 to 10,000 BP, excavated from archaeological sites on Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico. Based on this data, there appears to be the equivalent of about an 800-yr range in inferred ΔR values (-400 to 400 yr) exhibited in Holocene-age marine shells from this portion of …
Ucr Radiocarbon Dates II
UCR I (R, 1974, v 16, p 395–401) previously reported measurements carried out jointly by the UCR and UCLA radiocarbon laboratories between November 1972 and September 1973 and interlaboratory check samples used to calibrate the UCR 1.7L counter. This list reports the measurements of the UCR laboratory from September 1973 to August 1974
Single-Year German oak and Californian Bristlecone Pine 14 C Data at the Beginning of the Hallstatt Plateau from 856 BC to 626 BC
As part of the ongoing effort to improve the Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon ( 14 C) calibration curve, this study investigates the period of 856 BC to 626 BC (2805–2575 yr BP) with a total of 403 single-year 14 C measurements. In this age range, IntCal13 was constructed largely from German and Irish oak as well as Californian bristlecone pine 14 C dates, with most samples measured with a 10-yr resolution. The new data presented here is the first…
The Contribution of Radiocarbon Dating to New World Archaeology
When introduced almost five decades ago, radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating provided New World archaeologists with a common chronometric scale that transcended the countless site-specific and regional schemes that had been developed by four generations of field researchers employing a wide array of criteria for distinguishing relative chronological phases. A topic of long standing interest in New World studies where 14 C values have played an especially …
The Beginnings of Radiocarbon Dating in American Antiquity
Few archaeologists would dispute the suggestion that the introduction of 14C dating into archaeological research has had a profound influence on the way in which prehistoric studies are conducted. Glyn Daniel, for example, has gone so far as to rank the development of the 14C method in the twentieth-century with the discovery of the antiquity of the human species in the nineteenth-century (Daniel 1967:266).
Radiocarbon Dating of Pleistocene Bone
Amino acid composition data and stable isotope ratios ( 14 N, D, and 13 C) are being evaluated as sources of information to indicate the presence of non-indigenous organics in bone samples intended for 14 C analyses. The study is being conducted in the context of the planned measurement of Pleistocene bone samples by a high energy mass spectrometric 14 C detection system
Computer-Assisted Instruction for Introductory Anthropology Courses1
Radiocarbon Dating of the Organic Portion of Ceramic and Wattle-and-Daub House Construction Materials of Low Carbon Content
Radiocarbon determinations on a series of low-carbon-content ceramic and wattle-and-daub samples were made to determine the validity of radiocarbon dates based on these types of sample materials. Good agreement between radiocarbon dates obtained from the ceramic samples and from charcoal samples stratigraphically associated with the ceramics suggests that radiocarbon dates obtained on low-carbon-content ceramic materials are reliable if appropria…
Electronic Data Processing for Radiocarbon Dates
The need for a more flexible index for radiocarbon dates with shorter retrieval times has led to a suggestion for the development of an electronic or punch-card data retrieval system. A suggested format for coding radiocarbon data on punch cards and two techniques for the rapid retrieval of desired information are discussed
The Shaft Tombs of Western Mexico
The widely differing interpretations of the function of certain artifactual materials associated with the shaft-tomb complex of western Mexico are utilized to illustrate certain problems in the analysis of nonhistoric archaeological materials thought to be of religious significance. It is suggested that in the absence of some new model specifically designed to deal with the religious sub-system of nonhistoric societies and in the absence of inter…
Ucr Radiocarbon Dates I
A radiocarbon facility has been installed at the University of California, Riverside (UCR) to support interdisciplinary studies including archaeologic, archaeometric, geophysical, and geologic research. The laboratory was built between 1970 and 1973. Initially, a sample pretreatment and combustion system designed for a proportional CO 2 counting system was installed. It was designed after concepts developed at the University of California Los Ang…
Uranium Variations in a Dated Fossil Bone Series From Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
S Of twelve elements analyzed in a series of bovid teeth from the Olduvai Gorge, uranium is the only element which varies appreciably with the ages of the samples. Uranium concentrations increase at first, then decrease with increasing age, and therefore cannot be used by themselves to obtain absolute or even relative ages of the samples. A model accounting for the behaviour of uranium is proposed in which uranium is absorbed in the samples durin…
Ucr Radiocarbon Dates II
UCR I (R, 1974, v 16, p 395–401) previously reported measurements carried out jointly by the UCR and UCLA radiocarbon laboratories between November 1972 and September 1973 and interlaboratory check samples used to calibrate the UCR 1.7L counter. This list reports the measurements of the UCR laboratory from September 1973 to August 1974
Fluorine diffusion
A proton‐induced nuclear resonant reaction has been used to measure 19F diffusion profiles in a series of geologically‐ and archaeologically‐derived chipped lithic materials. Three types of diffusion profiles have been identified in samples measured to date. Measurements performed on a suite of samples associated with dated lithic complexes from the south coastal region of California indicate a positive relationship between the estimated age and …
Amino Acid Dating of Pleistocene Fossil Materials
Reply to Bischoff, Childers, and Shlemon
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Thermoluminescence Determinations on Early Ceramic Materials from Coastal Southern California
Radiocarbon determinations on marine shell have previously been used to provide evidence assigning a fourth to sixth millennium B.C. age to ceramic objects excavated at the Irvine site, an early Archaic period shell midden located in coastal southern California. Objections have been raised concerning the reliability of the stratigraphic association of ceramics and the radiocarbon-dated marine shell materials. An examination of the thermoluminesce…
Radiocarbon Dating of Pleistocene Bone
Amino acid composition data and stable isotope ratios ( 14 N, D, and 13 C) are being evaluated as sources of information to indicate the presence of non-indigenous organics in bone samples intended for 14 C analyses. The study is being conducted in the context of the planned measurement of Pleistocene bone samples by a high energy mass spectrometric 14 C detection system
The date of 'Noah's Ark
One of the most widely-known narratives contained in Judaeo-Christian literature is that of 'Noah's Ark and the Great Flood'. The version best known to most English readers is derived from the translation of Genesis VI-VIII contained in the 1611 King James Version of the Bible and its subsequent revisions. According to this account, near the end of the Biblical Deluge, the Ark rested 'upon the mountains of Ararat'. From this locality, according t…
UCR Radiocarbon Dates III
This list reports a portion of the analysis completed on archaeologic and paleo-environmental samples measured in the UCR laboratory between August 1974 and August 1976. Results of measurements made during that period on sample suites which are not as yet completed or lack review by submitters will be reported in a subsequent date list
Non-Concordance of Radiocarbon and Amino Acid Racemization Deduced Age Estimates on Human Bone
Radiocarbon determinations, employing both decay and direct counting, were obtained on various organic fractions of four human skeletal samples previously assigned ages ranging from 28,000 to 70,000 years on the basis of their D/L aspartic acid racemization values. In all four cases, the 14 C values require an order of magnitude reduction in age
Early Native Americans
Peopling of the New World
Major Revisions in the Pleistocene Age Assignments for North American Human Skeletons by C-14 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
Radiocarbon analyses by accelerator mass spectrometric (AMS) techniques on organic fractions of human bone from various North American localities previously assigned ages ranging from about 70,000 to 15,000 years B.P. now suggest that none of these skeletons is older than 11,000 C-14 years B.P
The Beginnings of Radiocarbon Dating in American Antiquity
Few archaeologists would dispute the suggestion that the introduction of 14C dating into archaeological research has had a profound influence on the way in which prehistoric studies are conducted. Glyn Daniel, for example, has gone so far as to rank the development of the 14C method in the twentieth-century with the discovery of the antiquity of the human species in the nineteenth-century (Daniel 1967:266).
Use of AMS 14 C Analysis in the Study of Problems in Aspartic Acid Racemization-Deduced Age Estimates on Bone
Major discordances between AMS 14 C- and aspartic acid racemization (AAR)-deduced age estimates on bone samples have led to an examination of factors other than time and temperature that can fundamentally influence the degree of racemization observed in fossil bone. Our studies support previous suggestions that for many bone samples the chemical state of amino acids must be routinely considered if AAR-deduced age estimates are to be used to make …
Radiocarbon Dating
Studies Towards a Method for Radiocalcium Dating of Bones
We made preliminary AMS measurements of 41 Ca/Ca ratios in bone and limestone specimens with the Argonne Tandem-Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS). We were able to avoid pre-enrichment of 41 Ca used in previous experiments due to a substantial increase in Ca-beam intensity. Most of the measured ratios lie in the 10 -14 range, with a few values below 10 -14 . In general, these values are higher than the ones observed by the AMS group at the Universi…
The origin of the Goleta cannons
Archeology
Radiocarbon After Four Decades
Radiocarbon After Four Decades: An Interdisciplinary Perspective commemorates the 40th anniversary of radiocarbon dating. The volume presents discussions of every aspect of this dating technique, as well as chronicles of its development and views of future advancements and applications. All of the 64 authors played major roles in establishment, development or application of this revolutionary scientific tool. The 35 chapters provide a solid found…
Archaeology (50 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (49 obras) · Radiocarbon dating (45 obras) · Geology (40 obras) · Geography (36 obras) · History (28 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (27 obras) · Paleontology (25 obras) · Geology (18 obras) · Chemistry (12 obras)