Charles T Snowdon
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 76175 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Charles T Snowdon |
| NOMBRES | Charles T |
| APELLIDO | Snowdon |
| FIRMA | SNOWDON C T |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Wisconsin–Madison |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5953-1605 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 58 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 50 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 56 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 3 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1980 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
The impacts of seasonal variation and climate on food utilization in a population of critically endangered cotton‐top tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus ) in Colombia
To examine how precipitation patterns and climate change impact feeding choices made by a population of critically endangered cotton‐top tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus ), we examined 22 years of feeding data (1999–2020) from 21 groups collected at Parque Natural Regional Bosque Seco El Ceibal Mono Tití in Santa Catalina, Colombia. We describe the diet and examine the role of seasonal rainfall and annual variation in rainfall on diet. Rainfall is hig…
Contextual complexity of chemical signals in callitrichids
In nearly four decades our research and that of others on chemical signaling in callitrichid primates suggest a high degree of contextual complexity in both the use of signals and the response to these signals. We describe our research including observational field studies, behavioral bioassays (“playbacks”), functional imaging, and conditioning studies. Scent marking in both captivity and the wild is used for more than just territorial marking. …
Factors influencing the survival of wild cotton‐top tamarin ( Saguinus oedipus ) infants
Studies of cooperative breeding species have suggested that helpers are needed for infant survival and that helpers gain skills to successfully raise their own offspring. Studies of callitrichids in managed care and early field studies suggested that group size correlated with infant survival and that helpers needed to learn parental skills to be successful breeders. We present infant survival data from a 20‐year field study of cotton‐top tamarin…
APA handbook of comparative psychology
APA Handbook of Comparative Psychology
Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite responses to management stressors and social change in four species of callitrichine monkeys
Non‐human primates avoid the detrimental effects of prenatal androgen exposure in mixed‐sex litters
Producing single versus multiple births has important life history trade-offs, including the potential benefits and risks of sharing a common in utero environment. Sex hormones can diffuse through amniotic fluid and fetal membranes, and females with male littermates risk exposure to high levels of fetal testosterone, which are shown to have masculinizing effects and negative fitness consequences in many mammals. Whereas most primates give birth t…
The Complex Vocal Repertoire of the Adult Cotton-top Tamarin (Saguinus oedipus oedipus)1)
The cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus oedipus) has an extensive vocal repertoire which is derived from the variation of two basic elements and the sequential combination of those elements. A distinctive features analysis demonstrated at least 8 phonetic variants of a short, frequency modulated call (chirp) and five longer constant frequency calls (whistles). The call variants do not describe points on a single motivational continuum, but rathe…
Social dynamics and individual plasticity of infant care behavior in cooperatively breeding cotton‐top tamarins
Individual variation in infant caretaking behavior is prevalent among marmoset and tamarin monkeys. Although most group members participate in infant care, the timing and amount provided differs greatly. In this study, we quantified general trends in infant carrying behavior by using a longitudinal database that included 11 years of instantaneous scan observations following 80 births of cotton‐top tamarins. Using detailed focal observations on a …
Socially biased learning among adult cottontop tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus )
We presented adult cottontop tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus ) with a novel foraging task that had been used previously to examine socially biased learning of juvenile observers [Humle & Snowdon, Animal Behaviour 75:267–277, 2008]. The task could be solved in one of two ways, and thus allowed for an analysis of behavioral matching between an observer and a skilled demonstrator (trained to use one of the two methods exclusively). Because the demonstra…
Dialects in pygmy marmosets? Population variation in call structure
Population variation in primate vocal structure has been rarely observed. Here, we report significant population differences in the structure of two vocalizations in wild pygmy marmosets (Trills and J calls). We studied 14 groups of pygmy marmosets Callithrix (Cebuella) pygmaea pygmaea from five populations in northeastern Ecuador. We analyzed the acoustic structure of Trills and J calls recorded from two adult animals in each group through focal…
Can Auditory Playback Condition Predator Mobbing in Captive-reared Saguinus oedipus
Captive‐born cotton‐top tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus ) respond similarly to vocalizations of predators and sympatric nonpredators
What types of cues do callitrichid primates use to detect and respond to predators? Do they respond to predator‐specific cues or to more general cues? The evidence for these questions remains conflicting. We presented captive‐born and reared cotton‐top tamarins with no previous exposure to predators (or predator cues) with vocalizations from three potential predators of cotton‐top tamarin in the wild (white hawk, jaguar, and tayra) and with vocal…
Changes in prolactin and glucocorticoid levels in cotton‐top tamarin fathers during their mate's pregnancy
We have previously shown that paternally experienced cotton‐top tamarin fathers ( Saguinus oedipus ) had significant increases in prolactin and glucocorticoids at the midpoint of their mate's pregnancy, whereas less experienced fathers showed prolactin increases only the month before offspring birth [Ziegler & Snowdon, Hormones & Behavior 38:159–167, 2000; Ziegler et al., Hormones & Behavior 45:84–92, 2004]. These results could be owing to differ…
Male parenting and response to infant stimuli in the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus )
Callithrix jacchus infants are raised in complex family environments where most members participate in rearing the young. Many studies examining male parental behavior have focused on the carrying of infants with observations made within the family context. However, interference from family members can make it difficult to assess the father's motivation to care for infants. Our goals were to develop a testing paradigm for determining an individua…
Fruit availability, chimpanzee diet, and grouping patterns on Rubondo Island, Tanzania
We examined seasonal patterns of fruit availability, dietary quality, and group size in the descendants of an introduced chimpanzee population on Rubondo Island, Tanzania. The site has supported a free‐ranging population without provisioning for 40 years. Our goals were to determine whether Rubondo chimpanzees experience periods of fruit shortage, and whether they respond to changes in fruit availability similarly to chimpanzees at endemic sites.…
Developmental changes in food transfers in cotton‐top tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus )
We investigated the development of food transfer and independent feeding in cotton‐top tamarin ( Saguinus oedipus ) families. We studied the relationship between infant‐directed vocalizations and food transfers on the development of independent feeding in infants. We experimentally tested ten infants (eight twins and two singletons) three times a week for 17 weeks from before weaning through 20 weeks. Food transfers and vocalizations made during …
Vocal Response of Captive-reared Saguinus oedipus During Mobbing
Vocal Response of Captive-reared Saguinus oedipus During Mobbing
Labile sex differences in long calling in cotton‐top tamarins
Sex differences in behavior are quite common among nonhuman primates. In sexually monomorphic species, sex differences might be expected to be less evident than in polygynous and highly dimorphic species. Callitrichid primates (marmosets and tamarins) are cooperative breeders that exhibit little sexual size dimorphism. However, several sex differences in the structure and usage of vocalizations have been reported. In one such study, McConnell and…
Advances in the Study of Behavior, Volume 35 (Advances in the Study of Behavior)
Interpopulation differences in exudate feeding of pygmy marmosets in Ecuadorian Amazonia
Local variations in fruit‐ and leaf‐eating have been reported for some primate species; however, similar variations in exudate‐feeding of pygmy marmosets, one of the most specialized neotropical primate species, have not been studied. In our 3‐year study of four populations of pygmy marmosets in northeastern Ecuador, we characterized their exudate‐feeding behavior by describing the use of exudate sources. We tested whether the use of exudate spec…
Sexual communication between breeding male and female cotton‐top tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus ), and its relationship to infant care
Male cotton‐top tamarins have been shown to be responsive to female scent cues of ovulation, and are known to actively participate in infant care during the time when their mates are fertile. We measured urinary androgen levels and glucocorticoids in seven father tamarins for the first month following the birth of infants to determine 1) whether male tamarins showed an androgen response to their mate's postpartum ovulation, 2) when androgens rise…
Are subordinates always stressed? a comparative analysis of rank differences in cortisol levels among primates
Aggression and peacefulness in humans and other primates
Language capacities of nonhuman animals
In the last two decades, the study of language parallels in nonhuman animals has generated considerable controversy and excitement. Many have perceived demonstrations of linguistic skills in nonhuman animals as a threat to human uniqueness, whereas others have been uncritical of claims for complex cognitive skills in animals. Two different paradigms for studying linguistic parallels have appeared. One approach teaches great apes linguistic analog…
Costs of Caregiving
Social behavior of captive, group-living Orangutans
Primate Communication
Vocal communication in New World monkeys
Family Feuds
The Evolution of Communication
The Evolution of Communication. Marc D. Hauser. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996. 760 pp
Vocal Response of Captive-reared Saguinus oedipus During Mobbing
Can Auditory Playback Condition Predator Mobbing in Captive-reared Saguinus oedipus
Social behavior of captive, group-living Orangutans
Mental retardation and neurological deficits in a twin orangutan
The second born of a pair of twin orangutans displayed marked behavioral disabilities. To evaluate these disabilities, a series of cognitive, learning, and neurological tests were administered to both twins. The disabled twin showed marked retardation in delayed response and oddity problems and an inability to use tools. The neurological evaluation demonstrated a variety of deficits consistent with damage to the pyramidal motor system. Karyotypin…
Mirror‐image responses in pygmy marmosets ( Cebuella pygmaea )
Only a few nonhuman species (chimpanzees and orangutans) have displayed mirror‐image recognition of themselves by grooming at a spot that can only be seen with the mirror. Pygmy marmosets have never been observed to self‐groom, but they do behave toward mirrors in a manner suggestive of the early stages of mirror‐image recognition. They displayed a rapid extinction of social threat responses to their own image and of novelty responses to mirrors,…
“Conversations” among pygmy marmosets
Pygmy marmosets ( Cebuella pygmaea ) use a variety of trill‐like vocalizations to maintain contact among group members throughout the day. Frequently, when one animal gives a trill, other animals will respond antiphonally. Among three pygmy marmosets in a captive group, there were clear patterns or sequences of calling among animals. All three animals would call in sequence more frequently than expected by chance, while the likelihood of an anima…
Reproduction and behavior in marmosets and tamarins
The effect of social environment on estrogen excretion, scent marking, and sociosexual behavior in tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus )
The influence of various social environments on estrogen excretion, scent marking, and the expression of sociosexual behavior was examined in cotton‐top tamarins ( Sanguinus o. oedipus ). Behavioral observations and urine collections were conducted on five females while first housed in their natal family group or in the presence of another cycling adult female and then while housed with an unrelated adult male in a separate cage. Behavioral obser…
Primate Communication
Troop‐specific responses to long calls of isolated tamarins ( Saguinus mystax )
Recently captured moustached tamarins ( Saguinus mystax ) were briefly separated from other members of their troop. Most separated animals emitted long calls that were, in general, similar in acoustic structure to those of sympatric tamarin species while retaining species distinctiveness. Individual differences also appeared in call structure. The long calls of a separated animal were responded to almost entirely by members of the animal's own tr…
Long‐call structure and its relation to taxonomy in lion tamarins
Recent evidence on craniodental morphology suggests the acceptance of three species of lion tamarins ( Leontopithecus ). Confirmatory evidence is presented here using the morphology of long‐call vocalizations recorded from several individuals of each type of lion tamarin. Recordings were made of Leontopicthecus rosalia, Leontopithecus chrysopygus , and Leontopithecus chrysomelas at the Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro (FEEMA) and of L. ro…
Urinary gonadotropin and estrogen excretion during the postpartum estrus, conception, and pregnancy in the cotton‐top tamarin ( Saguinus oedipus oedipus )
Hormonal profiles during postpartum estrus, time of conception, and pregnancy were determined in urine samples from six cotton‐top tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus oedipus ). Noninvasive collection techniques permitted daily sampling throughout lactation and pregnancy. Urinary estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and both bioactive and immunoreactive luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG) measures revealed an interval of 19 ± 2.07 (S E M) days be…
Sociosexual development, pair bond formation, and mechanisms of fertility suppression in female cotton‐top tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus oedipus )
The effect of various social environments on sociosexual behavior was examined in six young female cotton‐top tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus oedipus ) and in three established breeding females. Behavioral observations and hormonal samples were collected on young females while they were living with their families, when they were isolated from conspecifics, and after they were paired with an unrelated male. While living with the family, all females sh…
Vocal communication in New World monkeys
Predator recognition in cotton‐top tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus )
Captive social groups of cotton‐top tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus ) were presented with inanimate and animate stimuli to determine (1) if the tamarins recognize a snake as a dangerous stimulus and (2) whether the tamarins' response was specific to snakes. Fourteen pairs of tamarins were presented with a live boa constrictor, artificial flowers, and an empty box. Animals visually fixated for a longer period of time and emitted a greater frequency of…
Discrimination of chirp vocalizations in the cotton‐top tamarin
Natural exemplars of two types of chirp vocalizations were presented to eight groups of cotton‐top tamarins ( Saguinus o. oedipus ) in a playback paradigm. The two chirps share many acoustic features in common but are used in entirely different circumstances. The tamarins gave different vocal and behavioral responses to the playbacks of each chirp type, indicating that a discrimination was made. The results suggest that tamarins can discriminate …
Reproductive performance and excretion of urinary estrogens and gonadotropins in the female pygmy marmoset ( Cebuella pygmaea )
By retrospective review of colony records and determinations of urinary hormones we have described the reproductive profile of the female pygmy marmoset ( Cebuella pygmaea ). The pygmy marmoset is a nonseasonal breeder and gives birth to twins 76% of the time with single births occurring 16% and triplet births 8% of the time. Interbirth intervals ranged from 149–746 days. First births occurred to females between 24–42 months of age and 5–27 month…
Language capacities of nonhuman animals
In the last two decades, the study of language parallels in nonhuman animals has generated considerable controversy and excitement. Many have perceived demonstrations of linguistic skills in nonhuman animals as a threat to human uniqueness, whereas others have been uncritical of claims for complex cognitive skills in animals. Two different paradigms for studying linguistic parallels have appeared. One approach teaches great apes linguistic analog…
The stimulatory effect of males on the initiation but not the maintenance of ovarian cycling in cotton‐top tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus )
Prior studies have shown that female cotton‐top tamarins usually do not ovulate while living with natal groups, and most females do not ovulate until they are paired with an unfamiliar adult male. To examine the role of unfamiliar adult males on stimulating ovarian function, four cotton‐top females were studied during three conditions: females living with their natal group for six weeks, living alone but exposed to a single unfamiliar adult male …
Field Techniques for Monitoring Cotton‐Top Tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus oedipus ) in Colombia
We present reliable field techniques for capturing, anesthetizing, and Iidentifying individual cotton‐top tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus oedipus ). A new technique is presented for radio‐tracking small bodied primates. A backpack‐style harness was designed to carry a transmitter. This system appears effective in minimizing potential injury and does not appear to interfere with the normal behavior of the animal. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
Further hormonal suppression of eldest daughter cotton‐top tamarins following birth of infants
Reproductive suppression of females is found throughout the Callitrichids. However, in many species some evidence of ovarian activity is observed in subordinate females. Subordinate cotton‐top tamarin females in our colony have never been observed to ovulate in the presence of a reproductive female. However, ovarian follicular development does occur, and measurable levels of urinary estrogen and luteinizing hormone are frequently found in subordi…
Circulating and excreted hormones during the ovarian cycle in the cotton‐top tamarin, Saguinus oedipus
Five parous, cycling cotton‐top tamarin females were used to compare circulating and urinary profiles of the major reproductive hormones during the ovarian cycle. Blood samples were collected on unanesthetized, hand restrained females three times per week for 25 days and first morning void urine was collected daily for 30–40 days including the serum sampling period. Serum and urine samples were analyzed for estrone, estradiol, and bioactive LH. A…
The effects of infant births on the sociosexual behavior and hormonal patterns of a cooperatively breeding primate (Cebuella pygmaea)
This study examined changes in the behavioral and hormonal patterns of cooperatively breeding pairs in a primate species with the passing of time and with specific reproductive events. We (1) compared patterns of sexual, agonistic, and affiliative behavior of newly paired pygmy marmosets with the same behavioral patterns immediately after the birth of their first set of infants; (2) determined if postpartum behavioral differences existed between …
Demography, group composition, and dispersal in wild cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) groups
Groups of individually marked cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), located in La Reserva Forestal Protectora Serranía de Coraza-Montes de María in Colosó Colombia, were studied over a period of 5 years. Data on group composition, stability, birthing seasons, and dispersal patterns are used to examine the reproductive strategies and tactics used by males and females. Both monogamous groups and groups containing two pregnant females have been ob…
The monkey wars
The “Nature” of Sex Differences
Reproductive events of wild cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) in Colombia
Reproductive patterns of wild cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) females located in La Reserva Forestal Protectora Serranía de Coraza-Montes de María in Colosó, Colombia, were examined using long-term behavioral observations and fecal steroid analysis. Using an enzyme immunoassay, we analyzed fecal samples for E1C and PdG. Comparisons of reproductive cycles of a reproductively active female and her daughters were made. An inhibition of ovarian…
Biology (47 obras) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (40 obras) · Animal Behavior and Reproduction (30 obras) · Zoology (29 obras) · Psychology (28 obras) · Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior (26 obras) · Ecology (22 obras) · Primate (21 obras) · Medicine (18 obras) · Callitrichidae (16 obras)