Toby L Parcel
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 77440 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Toby L Parcel |
| NOMBRES | Toby L |
| APELLIDO | Parcel |
| FIRMA | PARCEL T L |
| AFILIACIONES | The Ohio State University |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 79 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 724 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 79 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1977 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 16 |
Using Opinion Polling Data to Replicate Non-Experimental Quantitative Results Across Time and Space
A renewed call for replications has emerged in social science research. An important form of replication involves exploring the extent to which findings from a given study hold in other contexts. This study draws on opinion polling data to replicate key findings across time and space based on an original study in one location analyzing attitudes toward public school assignment policies. The replication finds that many of the original findings hol…
Case Studies of School Desegregation and Resegregation
Case studies form a vital part of sociological inquiry. Despite their important strengths, they often fail to pursue issues of external validity or replication, an important direction for social science generally. In this article, I begin with the premise that at least some case studies can and should contribute to a growing body of research within sociology aimed at replication and promoting external validity. I first discuss how qualitative cas…
School Desegregation and Resegregation in the Upper South
Despite strong progress toward school desegregation in the late 20th century, many locations in the Upper South have recently experienced school resegregation. The articles in this issue investigate similarities and differences across this region in attitudes underlying these developments. Individual papers treat factors including resident location within and across school districts, as well as the role of school choice. Papers also advocate for …
Location, Location, Location? School District, Length of Residence and Attitudes Toward Diversity and Neighborhood Schools in the Upper South
Attitudes toward diversity and neighborhood schools matter because they underlie many families' decisions for residential location, with consequences for both school systems and students. Case studies of desegregation highlight locational dynamics that influence these outcomes, but differences in theory and methods limit rigorous comparisons among residents across such areas. This study focuses on two under-researched correlates of these preferen…
Public opinion, race, and levels of desegregation in five Southern school districts
Proximity and the principle-policy gap in white racial attitudes
Who Selects an Online Class Over the Same Course Face-to-Face? And Who Learns More? Results from a Mixed-Methods, Quasi-Experimental Study of Teaching the Sociology of Work and Family
We analyze the student learning and background characteristics of multiple sections of an upper-division undergraduate work and family sociology course, two taught face-to-face and four offered completely online. The learning environments across the two delivery modes were strictly controlled, with the same instructor in all six sections, the same assignments, and the same grading standards. Our qualitative data suggest that students select eithe…
Do magnet and charter schools exacerbate or ameliorate inequality
School choice typically refers to opportunities to enroll youth in public and/or private educational alternatives to traditional neighborhood public schools. While these options continue to grow in the United States under the umbrella of school choice, magnet and charter schools are the most common forms of public school choice. In this article, we review the development of school choice and the differing historical and philosophical origins of m…
Families and Crime
This volume highlights the theoretical and empirical connections between family sociology and criminology. We review the historical interconnections between these two fields. We argue for greater intellectual conversation across the two areas, and then we identify several elements they hold in common. These include their use of social theory, their attention to human development, and their use and appreciation of longitudinal research. We conclud…
Can the welfare state replace parents? Children's cognition in the United States and Great Britain
Who has the advantage? Race and sex differences in returns to social capital at home and at school
How Far Is Too Far
The authors analyze how gender and other individual and family characteristics shape attitudes toward children's school assignments. Using a mixed-methods approach, the authors analyze preferences for (1) diversity- and (2) neighborhood-based schools and three new dimensions of negative emotional capital: (3) parental challenge from student reassignments, (4) perceived dangers to children from reassignments, and (5) the uncertainty reassignment e…
Family Leisure
Understanding the relationship between leisure and families has been and will continue to be an important area of study. The purpose of this study is to review existing family leisure research from four select journals between 1990 and 2012. Articles are examined for sample characteristics, methods, analytical approaches, and thematic trends. Overall, 181 articles regarding family leisure, leisure in context of family life or roles, and individua…
Examining the Effects of Family and School Social Capital on Delinquent Behavior
In this article we evaluate and compare the effects of social capital at home and social capital at school on the frequency of involvement in delinquent behavior in the previous year. Using data from the first wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health, 1994–95; N = 8,100), a nationally representative survey of youth in the United States, we find that social sources of capital in the family exert a stronger negative …
Parental Nonstandard Work, Family Processes, and Delinquency During Adolescence
Although past research suggests that nonstandard parental work arrangements have negative implications for children, researchers typically assess the effects of maternal and paternal work schedules independently, and studies among older adolescents are rare. Combining insights from family sociology and criminology, we evaluate the effects of household work arrangements on family processes and delinquency among a national sample of 10- to 17-year-…
Family-Responsive Corporations
Does capital at home matter more than capital at school? Social capital effects on academic achievement
Child and Family Teams Building Social Capital for At-Risk Students
We argue that sociologists interested in social capital theory and social work scholars interested in child and family teams (CFTs) can productively collaborate in studying at-risk youth. Social capital theory suggests dimensions of CFTs that delineate both family meeting intervention and implementation of the resulting plan. These dimensions reflect both bonding and bridging social capital that strengthen and widen supportive networks for studen…
Children's Behavior Problems in the United States and Great Britain
We analyze the effects of family capital on child behavior problems in the United States and Great Britain by comparing a longitudinal survey sample of 5- to 13-year-old children from the 1994 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth ( N = 3,864) with a similar sample of children from the 1991 National Child Development Study 'British Child' ( N = 1,430). Findings suggest that in both societies, male children, those with health problems, and those w…
The Impact of Parental Employment
Capital at Home and at School
Human, financial, and social capital from several contexts affects child and adolescent well‐being. Families and schools are among the most important, and research is increasingly studying how effects of capital across such contexts affect child and adolescent academic and social outcomes. Some research suggests that families may be more powerful than schools in promoting child and adolescent well‐being. Additional research is needed to more full…
Children's Home Environments in Great Britain and the United States
This study analyzes the effects of human, social, and financial capital on children's home environments in the United States and Great Britain by comparing a sample of 5- to 13-year-old children from the United States with a similar sample from Britain. In both countries, the authors find weaker home environments for boys, minority children, and those with more siblings. Parental education and maternal cognitive ability are linked to stronger hom…
Family and school capital explaining regional variation in math and reading achievement
Working In and Out of Poverty
Capital and Context
Research examining the influence of social relationships on child outcomes has seldom examined how individuals derive social capital from more than one context and the extent to which they may benefit from the capital derived from each. We address this deficit through a study of child behavior problems. We hypothesize that children derive social capital from both their families and their schools and that capital from each context is influential i…
Early Parental Work, Family Social Capital, and Early Childhood Outcomes
This article evaluates the impact of parental working conditions on both a cognitive child outcome and a social one among a national sample of three- to six-year-old children with employed mothers. Current maternal working conditions (i.e., a mother's working conditions at the time of the study) affect verbal facility, but paternal work hours in the early years have significant effects on children's behavior problems. Mother's current occupationa…
Capital at Home and at School
We investigate the effects of both family and school capital on student math and reading achievement. We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) merged Child-Mother Data for 1992 and 1994, to which indicators of capital in the children's schools for 1993–94 and 1994–95 have recently been added. We study children who attended first through eighth grades in both 1992 and 1994, with samples of 2034 for math achievement and 2203 for read…
Does capital at home matter more than capital at school? Social capital effects on academic achievement
Race, Regional Labor Markets and Earnings
Wealth Accumulation of Black and White Men
This paper looks at racial differences in how male workers accumulate housing equity. Findings from a national sample suggest major differences favoring whites in the payoff to such characteristics as earnings, age, marital status, and area of current residence. Blacks and whites also differ in the form of the relationship between years of schooling and housing equity. When the analysis is confined to homeowners only, many of these racial differe…
Capital at Home and at School
We argue for analyzing school and family social capital, human capital, and financial capital as parallel concepts and investigate their effects on child social adjustment. We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) merged Child-Mother Data, to which we add indicators of capital in the children's schools. Findings suggest that although school capital effects are present, family social capital and maternal and child human capital effe…
Determining Children's Home Environments
Elizabeth G. Menaghan, Toby L. Parcel, Determining Children's Home Environments: The Impact of Maternal Characteristics and Current Occupational and Family Conditions, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 53, No. 2 (May, 1991), pp. 417-431
Examining the Effects of Family and School Social Capital on Delinquent Behavior
In this article we evaluate and compare the effects of social capital at home and social capital at school on the frequency of involvement in delinquent behavior in the previous year. Using data from the first wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health, 1994–95; N = 8,100), a nationally representative survey of youth in the United States, we find that social sources of capital in the family exert a stronger negative …
Family Social Capital and Children's Behavior Problems
We argue that social capital which inheres in the relationships between parents and children should be associated with internalisation of social norms in children. Changes in parental working conditions and family circumstances should affect children's social adjustment because such factors affect the formation and use of social capital in families. We study variations in children's behavior problems in a sample of 524 6-8 year old children in ma…
Family Leisure
Understanding the relationship between leisure and families has been and will continue to be an important area of study. The purpose of this study is to review existing family leisure research from four select journals between 1990 and 2012. Articles are examined for sample characteristics, methods, analytical approaches, and thematic trends. Overall, 181 articles regarding family leisure, leisure in context of family life or roles, and individua…
Parental Employment and Family Life
Elizabeth G. Menaghan, Toby L. Parcel, Parental Employment and Family Life: Research in the 1980s, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 52, No. 4, Family Research in the 1980s: The Decade in Review (Nov., 1990), pp. 1079-1098
Particularism in authority outcomes of black and white supervisors
Social Sources of Change in Children's Home Environments
This study investigates change in children's home environments as a function of change in parental occupational and family conditions. It uses data from 1986 and I988 mother-child supplements to National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) on 1,403 mothers with children aged 3 through 6 in 1986 to estimate mulivariate regression equations predicting changes in home environments as a function of intervening occupational and family changes. All ana…
Maternal Working Conditions and Children's Verbal Facility
Toby L. Parcel, Elizabeth G. Menaghan, Maternal Working Conditions and Children's Verbal Facility: Studying the Intergenerational Transmission of Inequality from Mothers to Young Children, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 53, No. 2, Special Issue: Social Structure and the Individual (Jun., 1990), pp. 132-147
Effects of Family Structure on the Earnings Attainment Process
This study compares how being raised in an original, two-parent family and being raised in other family structures affects educational achievement, occupational status, and earnings attainment for a national sample of 30- to 59-year-old women and men. Data are derived from the 1989 Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Findings suggest that family structure has different effects by gender. Although both men and women from original, two-parent families …
Capital and Context
Research examining the influence of social relationships on child outcomes has seldom examined how individuals derive social capital from more than one context and the extent to which they may benefit from the capital derived from each. We address this deficit through a study of child behavior problems. We hypothesize that children derive social capital from both their families and their schools and that capital from each context is influential i…
The Effects of Maternal Working Conditions and Mastery on Child Behavior Problems
We assess the impact of maternal sense of mastery and maternal working conditions on maternal perceptions of children's behavior problems as a means to study the transmission of social control across generations. We use a sample of 521 employed mothers and their four-to six-year-old children from the National Longitudinal Survey's Youth Cohort in 1986. Regarding working conditions, we consider mother's hourly wage, work hours, and job content inc…
Temporal Change in Occupational Earnings Attainment, 1970-1980
We investigate change in occupational earnings [in the United States] during the 1970s by comparing similar models at either end of the decade. Since the 1970s were years of relative economic stagnation we anticipated that they would not be favorable to women....[The authors find that] although earnings attainment generally appeared less dependent on workers status characteristics in 1980 than in 1970 incomes increased less for occupations where …
Do magnet and charter schools exacerbate or ameliorate inequality
School choice typically refers to opportunities to enroll youth in public and/or private educational alternatives to traditional neighborhood public schools. While these options continue to grow in the United States under the umbrella of school choice, magnet and charter schools are the most common forms of public school choice. In this article, we review the development of school choice and the differing historical and philosophical origins of m…
One Firm, Two Labor Markets
Students of industrial sociology have noted theoretical and empirical inadequacies in dual-economy and dual-labor market theories, and have called for revisions in these perspectives. A single case, McDonald's in the fast-food industry, is analyzed as a vehicle towards reformulation. It is argued that, as a center retailer, McDonald's contains elements of both primary and secondary labor markets, and that this dualism is a partial function of its…
Status Characteristics, Reward Allocation, and Equity
In this article we report the results of two experiments which investigate the relationship between a group's power and prestige or status hierarchy and group members' patterns of reward allocation. Our theory suggests that the conditions Berger et al. (1974) specify as sufficient for the emergence of a power and prestige ordering are also sufficient to create differential reward allocation. However, the data suggest that it is only with the addi…
Equity Theory
A review and critique of currently existing theories of equity or distributive justice lead to the conclusion that future theoretical development would be aided by a more complete analysis of the structural determinants of the activation of equity concerns as well as the conditions which lead to particular reactions to inequity. Explicit consideration is given to such determinants as the nature of the stratification system, the type of injustice …
Children's Behavior Problems in the United States and Great Britain
We analyze the effects of family capital on child behavior problems in the United States and Great Britain by comparing a longitudinal survey sample of 5- to 13-year-old children from the 1994 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth ( N = 3,864) with a similar sample of children from the 1991 National Child Development Study 'British Child' ( N = 1,430). Findings suggest that in both societies, male children, those with health problems, and those w…
Effects of Low-Wage Employment on Family Well-Being
Assumptions about the processes that link a mother's employment to the development of her child must underlie expectations about how children may fare when their mothers move from welfare dependence into employment. This article explores the idea, mentioned in the research overview by Zaslow and Emig in this journal issue, that the working conditions such as wages, work hours, and task complexity that mothers experience on the job can influence t…
Going up the Ladder
We argue that researchers should use representative samples to address many issues and that long-standing interest in the connections between macrolevel and microlevel processes is also central to organizational analysis. Our literature review suggests that designs that link organizations to suborganizational units or members have deficiencies involving atypicalness of cases studied or inadequate and unreliable data on organizations derived from …
Status Characteristics, Reward Allocation, and Equity
In this article we report the results of two experiments which investigate the relationship between a group's power and prestige or status hierarchy and group members' patterns of reward allocation. Our theory suggests that the conditions Berger et al. (1974) specify as sufficient for the emergence of a power and prestige ordering are also sufficient to create differential reward allocation. However, the data suggest that it is only with the addi…
Equity Theory
A review and critique of currently existing theories of equity or distributive justice lead to the conclusion that future theoretical development would be aided by a more complete analysis of the structural determinants of the activation of equity concerns as well as the conditions which lead to particular reactions to inequity. Explicit consideration is given to such determinants as the nature of the stratification system, the type of injustice …
Black Migrants, White Natives
Introducing Undergraduates to Social Psychology
Race, Regional Labor Markets and Earnings
The Effect of Marital-Dyad Status Inconsistency on Women's Support for Equal Rights
Charles W. Mueller, Toby L. Parcel, Fred C. Pampel, The Effect of Marital-Dyad Status Inconsistency on Women's Support for Equal Rights, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 41, No. 4 (Nov., 1979), pp. 779-791
Measures of Socioeconomic Status
MUELLER, CHARLES W., and PARCEL, TOBY L. Measures of Socioeconomic Status: Alternatives and Recommendations. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1981, 52, 13-30. In this paper we argue that it is ill-advised to use impressionistic or outdated measures of SES in psychological research. After we critique such inappropriate measures, 2 occupation-based measures, the Duncan Socioeconomic Index and the Siegel Prestige Scale, are recommended as the best measures of the…
Differentiation Between Social Groups
Wealth Accumulation of Black and White Men
This paper looks at racial differences in how male workers accumulate housing equity. Findings from a national sample suggest major differences favoring whites in the payoff to such characteristics as earnings, age, marital status, and area of current residence. Blacks and whites also differ in the form of the relationship between years of schooling and housing equity. When the analysis is confined to homeowners only, many of these racial differe…
Ascription and labor markets
Occupational Differentiation, Prestige, and Socioeconomic Status
We factor analyze numerous occupational skill and task characteristics to derive dimensions of occupational differentiation that are both cognitive (complexity, clerical aptitude, people-things, and uncertainty) and noncognitive (physical activity, physical dexterity, and unpleasantness of working conditions). These dimensions are discussed in relation to theories concerning occupational labor markets and relevant empirical literature. Regression…
White-Collar Work
Sex Segregation in the Workplace
How pervasive is sex segregation in the workplace? Does the concentration of women into a few professions reflect their personal preferences, the tastes of employers, or sex-role socialization? Will greater enforcement of federal antidiscrimination laws reduce segregation? What are the prospects for the decade ahead? These are among the important policy and research questions raised in this comprehensive volume, of interest to policymakers, resea…
Ascription and Labor Markets
Unemployment under Capitalism
The author contends that the level and types of unemployment that occur in contemporary advanced capitalist societies are the result of the intended and unintended consequences of human actions. Arguing that unemployment is a predictable consequence of the ways in which work is organized within and between societies, he attacks the view that unemployment is either the result of impersonal, uncontrollable market forces or of the personal character…
Temporal Change in Occupational Differentiation
Interest in nonstatus and nonprestige dimensions of occupational differentiation prompts questions concerning temporal change in new measures of occupational ranking. Literature that argues in favor of temporal change in the bases of occupational differentiation is juxtaposed with arguments suggesting stability. Confirmatory factor analytic models of occupational complexity, physical dexterity, physical activities, and unpleasantness of work sugg…
Research in the Sociology of Work
Economic Segmentation in Taiwan
We test the applicability of dual economy theory in the peripheral country of Taiwan. Based on factor and regression analyses of industry level data, we find that Taiwan's economic structure cannot be divided into two distinct sectors as the strictest form of dual economy theory suggests. Instead, the structure is multidimensional, characterized by dimensions such as capital intensity and concentration, economic scale and firm size, profits, and …
One Firm, Two Labor Markets
Students of industrial sociology have noted theoretical and empirical inadequacies in dual-economy and dual-labor market theories, and have called for revisions in these perspectives. A single case, McDonald's in the fast-food industry, is analyzed as a vehicle towards reformulation. It is argued that, as a center retailer, McDonald's contains elements of both primary and secondary labor markets, and that this dualism is a partial function of its…
Temporal Change in Occupational Earnings Attainment, 1970-1980
We investigate change in occupational earnings [in the United States] during the 1970s by comparing similar models at either end of the decade. Since the 1970s were years of relative economic stagnation we anticipated that they would not be favorable to women....[The authors find that] although earnings attainment generally appeared less dependent on workers status characteristics in 1980 than in 1970 incomes increased less for occupations where …
Particularism in authority outcomes of black and white supervisors
Maternal Working Conditions and Children's Verbal Facility
Toby L. Parcel, Elizabeth G. Menaghan, Maternal Working Conditions and Children's Verbal Facility: Studying the Intergenerational Transmission of Inequality from Mothers to Young Children, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 53, No. 2, Special Issue: Social Structure and the Individual (Jun., 1990), pp. 132-147
Parental Employment and Family Life
Elizabeth G. Menaghan, Toby L. Parcel, Parental Employment and Family Life: Research in the 1980s, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 52, No. 4, Family Research in the 1980s: The Decade in Review (Nov., 1990), pp. 1079-1098
Revisiting Metropolitan Racial Inequality
Traditional models of local labor market racial inequality have emphasized regional location, differences in economic and social organization, and human capital differentials as explanatory factors. Such models, however, were developed before the rise of the Sunbelt, before the transformation from a goods-producing to a service-based economy was seriously under way, and before women were a substantial portion of the United States labor force. In …
The Fictitious Commodity
Recruitment and Mobility Railways and Timetables Standardization I: Taylorism Standardization II: Training and Education A Market for Migrants Ford and Fordism Crisis, Depression, and the New Deal The New Status of Labor Conclusion Bibliography Index
Sociology (54 obras) · Psychology (51 obras) · Economics (42 obras) · Demographic economics (30 obras) · Political science (29 obras) · Developmental psychology (27 obras) · Social Psychology (20 obras) · Social science (18 obras) · Work-Family Balance Challenges (16 obras) · Geography (15 obras)