Gerald Marwell
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 78512 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Gerald Marwell |
| NOMBRES | Gerald |
| APELLIDO | Marwell |
| FIRMA | MARWELL G |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Wisconsin–Madison |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 57 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 773 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 57 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1966 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2021 |
| ÍNDICE H | 13 |
Cooperation and the Human Group
Cooperation is a factor that emerges often in Homans’s view of social process. Cooperation was a rewarding group response; individual behavior was a nonsocial alternative. Although the focus of our investigation was on the conditions that promote or inhibit cooperation, it differed from most previous research in not being concerned with how or when groups learn to make such responses. The large-risk effect was also replicated using a modified app…
Departmental Demography and Reputational Success
"Secularization" by Any Other Name
Dans ces deux articles, les AA. debattent de l'hypothese de la secularisation de la societe americaine face au nombre croissant de personnes sans religion. Il est question ici des recherches de Hout et Fischer de 2002 concernant les explications du declin des grandes organisations religieuses
Whatever Happened to Critical Mass Theory? A Retrospective and Assessment
Between 1983 and 1993 the authors published a series of articles and a book promulgating and explicating 'Critical Mass Theory,' a theory of public goods provision in groups. In this article we seek to trace the growth, change, or decline of the theory, primarily through an analysis of all journal citations of the theory. We find that the majority of citations are essentially gratuitous or pick a single point from the theory, which may or may not…
Sociological Visions
The Heart of Altruism
The Critical Mass in Collective Action
We Still Don't Know if Strict Churches are Strong, Much Less Why
A Critique of Contemporary American Sociology
The Critical Mass in Collective Action
The problem of collective action is that each member of a group wants other members to make necessary sacrifices while he or she 'free rides', reaping the benefits of collective action without doing the work. Inevitably the end result is that no one does the work and the common interest is not realized. This book analyses the social pressure whereby groups solve the problem of collective action. The authors show that the problem of collective act…
A Theory of the Critical Mass
Collective action often depends on the social ties among members of a group. For example, it is widely agreed that participants in social movement organizations are usually recruited through preexisting social ties and that mobilization is more likely when the members of the beneficiary population are linked by social ties than when they are not (e.g. Tilly, 1978; Oberschall, 1973). In a recent paper (Maxwell, Oliver and Prahl, 1988) we have used…
Reach and selectivity as strategies of recruitment for collective action
Theoretical investigation of a mathematical model of organizing for interdependent collective action compares the advantages of emphasizing reach, i.e. the sheer numbers recruited, to the advantages of emphasizing selectivity, i.e. the mean resources or interests of those recruited. The context is an accelerating production function in which each additional contribution has an increasing effect on the total payoff; this context is most likely at …
The Paradox of Group Size in Collective Action
Many sociologists incorrectly believe that larger groups are less likely to support collective action than smaller ones. The effect of group size. infact, depends on costs. If the costs of collective goods rise with the number who share in them, larger groups act less frequently than smaller ones. If the costs vary little with group size, larger groups should exhibit more collective action than smaller ones because larger groups have more resourc…
Social Networks and Collective Action
Most analyses of collective action agree that overcoming the freerider problem requires organizing potential contributors, thus making their decisions interdependent. The potential for organizing depends on the social ties in the group, particularly on the overall density or frequency of ties, on the extent to which they are centralized in a few individuals, and on the costs of communicating and coordinating actions through these ties. Mathematic…
The Persistence of Political Attitudes Among 1960s Civil Rights Activists
Journal Article THE PERSISTENCE OF POLITICAL ATTITUDES AMONG 1960s CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIVISTS Get access GERALD MARWELL, GERALD MARWELL Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MICHAEL T. AIKEN, MICHAEL T. AIKEN Professor of Sociology and Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxfo…
A Theory of the Critical Mass. I. Interdependence, Group Heterogeneity, and the Production of Collective Action
Collective action usually depends on a "critical mass" that behaves differently from typical group members. Sometimes the critical mass provides some level of the good for others who do nothing, while at other times the critical mass pays the start-up costs and induces widespread collective action. Formal analysis supplemented by simulations shows that the first scenario is most likely when the production function relating inputs of resource cont…
Encounters with Unjust Authority
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50942/1/167.pdf
Altruism and the Problem of Collective Action
Economists free ride, does anyone else?
The Dynamics of Social Movements
Experiments on the Provision of Public Goods by Groups III
Geraldine Alfano, Gerald Marwell, Experiments on the Provision of Public Goods by Groups III: Nondivisibility and Free Riding in "Real" Groups, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Sep., 1980), pp. 300-309
Reply to Shippee
Experiments on the Provision of Public Goods. II. Provision Points, Stakes, Experience, and the Free-Rider Problem
Our recent experimental research called into question the predictive utility of the free-rider hypothesis regarding the provision of public goods by groups. However, several critical questions regarding the generality of the findings may be raised. This paper reports three systematic replications of the previous research which deal with the most pressing of these questions. Study I shows that the presence of a "provision point" in the payoff stru…
Experiments on the Provision of Public Goods. I. Resources, Interest, Group Size, and the Free-Rider Problem
For an experiment on the problem of collective action, randomly selected high school students were randomly assigned to groups which were confronted with an investment opportunity. Each subject could invest resources provided by the experimenter in either a private good, which returned a fixed amount of money to the individual per token invested, or a public good. The public good returned money to the group and, beyond a given provision point, re…
The Reliability of Products of Two Random Variables
Social Networks and Collective Action
Most analyses of collective action agree that overcoming the freerider problem requires organizing potential contributors, thus making their decisions interdependent. The potential for organizing depends on the social ties in the group, particularly on the overall density or frequency of ties, on the extent to which they are centralized in a few individuals, and on the costs of communicating and coordinating actions through these ties. Mathematic…
The Paradox of Group Size in Collective Action
Many sociologists incorrectly believe that larger groups are less likely to support collective action than smaller ones. The effect of group size. infact, depends on costs. If the costs of collective goods rise with the number who share in them, larger groups act less frequently than smaller ones. If the costs vary little with group size, larger groups should exhibit more collective action than smaller ones because larger groups have more resourc…
A Theory of the Critical Mass. I. Interdependence, Group Heterogeneity, and the Production of Collective Action
Collective action usually depends on a "critical mass" that behaves differently from typical group members. Sometimes the critical mass provides some level of the good for others who do nothing, while at other times the critical mass pays the start-up costs and induces widespread collective action. Formal analysis supplemented by simulations shows that the first scenario is most likely when the production function relating inputs of resource cont…
Experiments on the Provision of Public Goods. I. Resources, Interest, Group Size, and the Free-Rider Problem
For an experiment on the problem of collective action, randomly selected high school students were randomly assigned to groups which were confronted with an investment opportunity. Each subject could invest resources provided by the experimenter in either a private good, which returned a fixed amount of money to the individual per token invested, or a public good. The public good returned money to the group and, beyond a given provision point, re…
Dimensions of Compliance-Gaining Behavior
A large sample of college students completed questionnaires indicating the likelihood of their performing 16 types of compliance-gaining techniques in each of four hypothetical situations. Five major clusters of techniques were distinguished through a principal factor analysis with oblique rotations: (I) rewarding activity; (II) punishing activity; (III) expertise; (IV) activation of impersonal commitments; (V) activation of personal commitments.…
The Persistence of Political Attitudes Among 1960s Civil Rights Activists
Journal Article THE PERSISTENCE OF POLITICAL ATTITUDES AMONG 1960s CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIVISTS Get access GERALD MARWELL, GERALD MARWELL Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MICHAEL T. AIKEN, MICHAEL T. AIKEN Professor of Sociology and Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxfo…
Whatever Happened to Critical Mass Theory? A Retrospective and Assessment
Between 1983 and 1993 the authors published a series of articles and a book promulgating and explicating 'Critical Mass Theory,' a theory of public goods provision in groups. In this article we seek to trace the growth, change, or decline of the theory, primarily through an analysis of all journal citations of the theory. We find that the majority of citations are essentially gratuitous or pick a single point from the theory, which may or may not…
A Critique of Contemporary American Sociology
Experiments on the Provision of Public Goods. II. Provision Points, Stakes, Experience, and the Free-Rider Problem
Our recent experimental research called into question the predictive utility of the free-rider hypothesis regarding the provision of public goods by groups. However, several critical questions regarding the generality of the findings may be raised. This paper reports three systematic replications of the previous research which deal with the most pressing of these questions. Study I shows that the presence of a "provision point" in the payoff stru…
The Organization of Role-Relationships
Nunnally, Jim 1961 Popular Conceptions of Mental Health. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Pasamanick, Benjamin, Frank Scarpitti and Simon Dinitz 1967 Schizophrenics in the Community. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Phillips, Derek 1963 Rejection: A possible consequence of seeking help for mental disorders. American Sociological Review 28:963-972. Sampson, Harold, Sheldon Messinger and Robert Towne 1961 mental hospital and marital family t…
"Secularization" by Any Other Name
Dans ces deux articles, les AA. debattent de l'hypothese de la secularisation de la societe americaine face au nombre croissant de personnes sans religion. Il est question ici des recherches de Hout et Fischer de 2002 concernant les explications du declin des grandes organisations religieuses
Cooperation in a three-person Prisoner's Dilemma
Adolescent Powerlessness and Delinquent Behavior
Journal Article Adolescent Powerlessness and Delinquent Behavior Get access Gerald Marwell Gerald Marwell University of Wisconsin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 14, Issue 1, Summer 1966, Pages 35–47, https://doi.org/10.2307/799031 Published: 07 August 2014
Withdrawal and reward reallocation as responses to inequity
We Still Don't Know if Strict Churches are Strong, Much Less Why
Why Ascription? Parts of a More or Less Formal Theory of the Functions and Dysfunctions of Sex Roles
An analysis of the functions of sex-role ascription is based upon the assumption that many societies are organized around the conjugal family as the basic economic unit and that there are skills which each family must possess to be successful. Formalization of the analysis concludes that when most families consist of male-femak pairs (with or without children), when mating is voluntary, when the number of skills needed for successful family maint…
The Social Nature of Psychological Research
Experiments on the Provision of Public Goods by Groups III
Geraldine Alfano, Gerald Marwell, Experiments on the Provision of Public Goods by Groups III: Nondivisibility and Free Riding in "Real" Groups, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Sep., 1980), pp. 300-309
Cooperation and interpersonal risk
Minimizing differences in a maximizing difference game
Volunteers for Peace
Departmental Demography and Reputational Success
Toward the Development of an Empirically Based Theory of Role Relationships
A programmatic approach to the development of a theory of role-relationships is presented. The approach centers around three crucial decisions, arguing that (a) the use of the role-relationship as the unit of analysis rather than the position or the individual, (b) the study of a large rather than a small number of role-relationships, and (c) the use of general, rather than content or role-specific variables, are conducive to the generation of te…
Party, Region and the Dimensions of Conflict in the House of Representatives, 1949-1954
Recent publications indicate a continuing interest among political scientists in both the aggregating of discrete acts of legislative behavior into underlying dimensions and the empirical specification of voting blocs. The latter interest is served by the former, as aggregation often producs sets of dimensions useful for descriptive purposes, as well as aiding other types of analysis. Recent studies include MacRae's work on the House of Represent…
Compliance-Gaining Behavior
(1967). Compliance-Gaining Behavior: A Synthesis and Model. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 317-328
Types of Past Experience with Potential Work Partners
Conflict over proposed group actions
Volunteers for Peace
Adolescent Powerlessness and Delinquent Behavior
Journal Article Adolescent Powerlessness and Delinquent Behavior Get access Gerald Marwell Gerald Marwell University of Wisconsin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 14, Issue 1, Summer 1966, Pages 35–47, https://doi.org/10.2307/799031 Published: 07 August 2014
Dimensions of Compliance-Gaining Behavior
A large sample of college students completed questionnaires indicating the likelihood of their performing 16 types of compliance-gaining techniques in each of four hypothetical situations. Five major clusters of techniques were distinguished through a principal factor analysis with oblique rotations: (I) rewarding activity; (II) punishing activity; (III) expertise; (IV) activation of impersonal commitments; (V) activation of personal commitments.…
Party, Region and the Dimensions of Conflict in the House of Representatives, 1949-1954
Recent publications indicate a continuing interest among political scientists in both the aggregating of discrete acts of legislative behavior into underlying dimensions and the empirical specification of voting blocs. The latter interest is served by the former, as aggregation often producs sets of dimensions useful for descriptive purposes, as well as aiding other types of analysis. Recent studies include MacRae's work on the House of Represent…
Attitudes toward Parental Use of Promised Rewards to Control Adolescent Behavior
For each of four different situations, subjects rated 16 techniques in terms of (1) their likelihood of using each technique to gain another person's compliance and (2) the likelihood that use of the technique would succeed in getting the other person to comply. These two ratings were compared for each of the 64 situation-technique pairs. One of these pairs, the use of promised rewards in a childrearing situation, is shown to be unique, in that a…
Compliance-Gaining Behavior
(1967). Compliance-Gaining Behavior: A Synthesis and Model. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 317-328
Toward the Development of an Empirically Based Theory of Role Relationships
A programmatic approach to the development of a theory of role-relationships is presented. The approach centers around three crucial decisions, arguing that (a) the use of the role-relationship as the unit of analysis rather than the position or the individual, (b) the study of a large rather than a small number of role-relationships, and (c) the use of general, rather than content or role-specific variables, are conducive to the generation of te…
The Social Nature of Psychological Research
Minimizing differences in a maximizing difference game
Child-Rearing Experience and Attitudes toward the Use of Influence Techniques
Samples of female college students and women with children completed questionnaires indicating the likelihood of their performing 16 types of influence techniques in a common child-rearing situation. Significant differences were found in the proportions of the college women and mothers stating that they would use several of the techniques. Two general patterns emerged: first, the greater use of active techniques involving the direct manipulation …
Comment on Scott and El-Assal
Reward and Punishment as Influence Techniques for the Achievement of Cooperation under Inequity
The Organization of Role-Relationships
Nunnally, Jim 1961 Popular Conceptions of Mental Health. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Pasamanick, Benjamin, Frank Scarpitti and Simon Dinitz 1967 Schizophrenics in the Community. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Phillips, Derek 1963 Rejection: A possible consequence of seeking help for mental disorders. American Sociological Review 28:963-972. Sampson, Harold, Sheldon Messinger and Robert Towne 1961 mental hospital and marital family t…
Criteria and Contingencies of Success in a Radical Political Movement 1
Using data collected in 1965 on white student civil rights workers in the South affiliated with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, this paper seeks to probe the factors that underlie the subjective sense of success and failure in an episode of political activism. Focusing on some fifty local projects scattered from Virginia to Alabama, we find that success was only partially a function of gains in voter registration, the summer's princ…
Some Notes on the Concept and Experimental Study of Cooperation
Cooperation and interpersonal risk
Experimental Use of Points or Money as Reinforcers
When work on a cooperative task rather than a lower paying individual one entailed risk that Ss could take each other's earnings, Ss who were rewarded in points having no intrinsic value behaved very differently from Ss studied previously who earned money contingent on their responses. Pairs working for money typically ceased cooperating when risk was introduced while those working for points tended to continue cooperating. Use of points both red…
Beyond Freedom and Dignity
Interpersonal Dynamics in the Small Group
Withdrawal and reward reallocation as responses to inequity
Cooperation and interpersonal risk
Cooperation in a three-person Prisoner's Dilemma
Dynamics of Idealism
Psychology (34 obras) · Social Psychology (27 obras) · Sociology (27 obras) · Political science (25 obras) · Social Psychology (17 obras) · Economics (16 obras) · Law (16 obras) · Computer Science (13 obras) · Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation (10 obras) · Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies (10 obras)