Yousuke Kaifu
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 78945 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Yousuke Kaifu |
| NOMBRES | Yousuke |
| APELLIDO | Kaifu |
| FIRMA | KAIFU Y |
| AFILIACIONES | National Museum of Nature and Science |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0483-104X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 51 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 640 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 51 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1992 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 13 |
The late Middle Pleistocene Homo erectus of the Madura Strait, first hominin fossils from submerged Sundaland
Eastern Asia yielded a rich fossil record of Pleistocene hominins, ranging from Homo erectus and the diminutive island species Homo floresiensis and Homo luzonensis , to post- erectus grade late archaic Homo (including Denisovans), and finally to anatomically modern humans. The Sunda Shelf played an important role in the dispersal and evolution of hominin populations. The shelf has been widely exposed during most of the Pleistocene, forming a lan…
A new human-induced trauma in a skull in the Jomon period and reconsideration of three existing materials
羽島貝塚は岡山県倉敷市に所在する縄文時代前期の貝塚である。当遺跡から1920年に発掘された頭骨1点には左前頭部に楕円形の孔があるが,それは先行研究で非人為的と報告されていた。この損傷について,肉眼およびCT画像を用いて法医人類学的観点から検討したところ,それは典型的な人為損傷の特徴を示し,形態的に「刺器損傷」に分類すべきものであることがわかった。さらに東京大学総合研究博物館所蔵資料の中で,人為損傷が報告されている頭骨3例に対しても同様に再検討を行い,法医人類学で用いられる鈍器損傷,刺器損傷,鋭器損傷の3つに分類した。そのうち2例のいくつかの孔は刺器損傷に相当すると判断された。このような損傷を生じた利器としては,これまで論じられてきた槍や矢だけでなく,近接武器としての鹿角や骨角器の可能性を検討すべきであろう。これらの損傷の性状を吟味しながら,意図的暴力や儀礼的遺体損壊を含む,損傷の背景について考察した
Moving away from 'the Muddle in the Middle' toward solving the Chibanian puzzle
Les sinus frontaux au cours de l'évolution humaine
Les sinus frontaux sont des cavités qui se situent à l’intérieur de l’os frontal, à la jonction entre le visage et la voûte crânienne, et à proximité du cerveau. Nous proposons l’étude la plus complète jamais réalisée de ces sinus, grâce à une méthodologie facile à mettre en œuvre et reproductible. La taille des sinus frontaux est corrélée à la taille du crâne, et en lien avec celle des reliefs osseux situés au-dessus des orbites, chez les chimpa…
Modern human teeth unearthed from below the ∼128,000-year-old level at Punung, Java
Further analyses of the structural organization of Homo luzonensis teeth
The species Homo luzonensis has recently been described based on a set of dental and postcranial elements found at Callao Cave (Northern Luzon, Philippines) and dated to at least 50-67 ka. Seven postcanine maxillary teeth are attributed to this taxon, five of them belonging to the same individual (CCH6) and representing the holotype of H. luzonensis, whereas the isolated upper premolar CCH8 and the upper third molar CCH9 are paratypes of the spec…
A synthetic model of Palaeolithic seafaring in the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan
The rise of water transport technology enabled early modern humans to expand their habitable territory to insular environments. However, apart from intensive discussion for Wallacea, developmental process and regional variation of Palaeolithic seafaring remain unclear. To contribute this issue, the author presents a synthetic model for Palaeolithic seafaring in another region of the western Pacific, the Ryukyu Islands (Ryukyus). Here, some island…
Islands and hominin adaptation
Establishing the efficacy of reed-bundle rafts in the paleolithic colonization of the Ryukyu Islands
The earliest colonization of oceanic islands by Homo sapiens occurred about 50,000–30,000 years ago in the tropical and temperate waters of the western Pacific, yet how this was achieved remains unclear. Under the experimental archaeology program called ‘Holistic Reenactment Project of Voyages 30,000 Years Ago’, we designed, built, and tested reed-bundle rafts as one of the candidate seagoing crafts in Paleolithic East Asia. Two rafts made by the…
A demographic test of accidental versus intentional island colonization by Pleistocene humans
Palaeolithic seafaring in East Asia
Why humeri of the Jomon people are so thick?
ヒトの四肢骨骨体は,個人が経験した活動レベルに応じて太く成長する性質があるため,これを利用して先史時代人の生業活動を類推することが可能である。縄文時代人の四肢骨の太さは,時代や遺跡立地環境によって変異することが知られているが,先行研究には,資料数の不足,遺跡間差や計測者間誤差が十分に検討されていないこと,骨体太さに対する骨サイズの影響をコントロールしていないことなどの難点があった。本研究では,沖縄から北海道にいたる列島各地の先史時代遺跡由来の1003個体分の上腕骨をサンプルとし(うち縄文時代のものは797個体),骨長の影響を除いた骨体太さについて,遺跡間差も考慮した時空変異の解析を行なった。分析の結果,早期以降に時代を追った上腕骨太さの増大が生じたこと,海浜部の遺跡は内陸平野の遺跡より上腕骨が太いこと,同一時期の海浜部遺跡の間でも太さが顕著に異なる場合があること,骨体太さの遺跡間変異パターンは男女で異なることなどがわかった。特に興味深い知見として,男性において,渥美半島の突端に位置する保…
A mandible from the Middle Pleistocene Hexian site and its significance in relation to the variability of Asian Homo erectus
Mandibular and dental features indicate that the Hexian mandible and teeth differ from northern Chinese H. erectus and European Middle Pleistocene hominins, but show some affinities with the Early Pleistocene specimens from Africa (Homo ergaster) and Java (H. erectus), as well as the Middle-Late Pleistocene mandible from Penghu, Taiwan. Compared to contemporaneous continental Asian hominin populations, the Hexian fossils may represent the surviva…
Initial and Early Jomon human skeletal remains from Iwashita Doketsu, Sasebo, Nagasaki prefecture, Japan
長崎県佐世保市に所在する岩下洞穴からは,1960年代の発掘調査で大量の縄文早期人骨と,若干の縄文前期に属する人骨が出土し,1968年にその基礎情報を記した報告書が刊行された。しかしその後,学界で縄文早期人への関心が高まったにも関わらず,岩下洞穴の人骨資料についてその価値に見合った議論がなされてきたとは言い難い。今回,この人骨コレクションの再整理・修復を行い,新たに個体同定や年齢・性別を見直した。正確な数は特定できないが,本遺跡から出土した縄文早期人骨は約30個体,前期人骨は2個体で,国内有数の人類遺跡であることが再確認された。再整理の結果,以下を含む興味深い事項が浮かび上がってきた:1岩下洞穴の縄文早期人が全国の早期人と共通の華奢な骨格形態特徴を持つという先行知見が追認された;2早期の成人個体群(19体)は,確認できる範囲では若い成人のみで(8体),明らかな熟~老年個体が含まれない;3他地域の早期人骨と同様に激しい咬耗が認められたが,これらは咬耗の速度が非常に速いことの結果であり,年齢推…
Early Jomon and Yayoi human skeletal remains from Shimomotoyama Rock Shelter, Sasebo, Nagasaki prefecture, Japan
長崎県佐世保市に所在する下本山岩陰遺跡から,1970年に麻生優らによって発掘された人骨を整理したので報告する。この資料中には,縄文時代前期に属する比較的保存のよい2体と,弥生時代に属する合葬された男女2体,その他の人骨が確認された。縄文時代前期人骨について,少なくともほぼ完全な1体には縄文時代人的な形態特徴が色濃くみられた。弥生時代人骨は,1個体に高顔傾向が認められる点に留意しなければならないが,全体的に北部九州弥生時代人より縄文時代人と類似する。この形態特徴と遺跡の地理的位置の両面から,本人骨は,一般に縄文時代人の系譜を継ぐとみなされている,いわゆる西北九州タイプの弥生人集団(在来系の弥生人集団)に含めることができるだろう。これらの人骨にみられた高頻度の骨折,同地域内での咬耗ならびに口腔衛生状態の変化についても合わせて報告する
Archaic Hominin Populations in Asia before the Arrival of Modern Humans
Our traditional scheme during the twentieth century was that Homo erectus had thrived on the vast terrain of eastern Asia since the Early Pleistocene, followed by the appearance of a more advanced but still primitive form of Homo in China during the mid-Middle Pleistocene. Recent discoveries or (re-)recognitions of other archaic hominins, such as Homo floresiensis from an Indonesian island, Neanderthals and the "Denisovans" from southern Siberia,…
Homo floresiensis-like fossils from the early Middle Pleistocene of Flores
Homo erectus calvaria from Ngawi (Java) and its evolutionary implications
Ngawi 1 is an undated but well-preserved Homo erectus calvaria from Java. Previous craniometric and morphological studies have shown its similarities to late Javanese H. erectus from Ngandong as well as Sambungmacan (Sm 1 [and Sm 3]). Some researchers emphasize their morphological homogeneity, and suggest that this 'Ngandong/Sambungmacan/Ngawi group' is morphologically distinct from H. erectus from the Early Pleistocene of Sangiran and Trinil, po…
Descriptions of the dental remains of Homo floresiensis
Dental remains of Homo floresiensis excavated during 2002–2004 at Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia, consist of one partial maxillary dentition, two nearly complete mandibular dentitions, and four isolated teeth. We present here morphological descriptions of all these specimens and report aspects of their dentition, occlusion, and oral health condition. This dental assemblage represents probably five but possibly four or six individuals. These differe…
Body shape of the Jomon people in view of limb-trunk proportion
縄文時代人の四肢骨長さの遠位/近位比は,弥生時代以降の日本人集団に比べて大きく,世界の現代人集団と比較しても大きい部類であることが知られている。一方で,現代人におけるこの比はアレンの法則と関連づけられ,居住地の気温の指標になるとの考えがある。そうであれば,縄文時代人の四肢内プロポーションは熱代謝の上で熱帯的ということになり,温帯~亜寒帯に属する日本列島に1万年以上に渡って居住してきたこととの矛盾を説明しなければならない。本来,アレンの法則は四肢の遠位/近位比ではなく胴体サイズに対する突出部の大きさを問うもので,ヒトにおいてもこの指標の方が気候との対応がより明確である。そこで本研究では,日本の縄文・渡来系弥生・江戸時代集団を対象に,胴体サイズに対する相対的な上肢・下肢長を比較した。結果として縄文と弥生の間に有意差は認められず,それらの値は海外の温帯~亜寒帯地域集団と対比できることがわかった。従って縄文時代人の体形は,熱代謝の観点において,熱帯的であるとは言えない。この知見は縄文時代人が北東…
Human use of marine shells from Late Pleistocene layers of Sakitari-do cave site, Nanjo city, Okinawa prefecture
2012~2013年に沖縄県南城市サキタリ洞遺跡調査区IのII層(約16400~19300 BP[未較正])を発掘し,人骨2点(臼歯1点と舟状骨1点)とともに39点の断片化した海産貝類を検出した。先に報告したI層出土のものと合わせ,計47点にのぼる海産貝類は,人為的に遺跡近辺に運搬され,埋没したものと考えられる。II層由来のマルスダレガイ科(マツヤマワスレ[Callista chinensis]・ハマグリ類[Meretrix sp. cf. lusoria]),クジャクガイ[Septifer bilocularis],ツノガイ類[“Dentalium” spp.]について組成や形状,割れ方について記載するとともに,微細な線条痕および摩滅・光沢を観察したところ,マルスダレガイ科の破片には定型性が認められ,二次加工と考えられる小剥離痕が高い頻度で見られた。また,特定の部位に使用痕や加工痕と推定できる摩滅・光沢や線条痕が観察できることから,少なくともその一部は利器として使用されたと考えられる。…
Cranial Morphology and Variation of the Earliest Indonesian Hominids
Preface to the Special Issue
Synthetic Research on the Transition of the Japanese from the Pleistocene to the Jomon and Yayoi Periods' with financial support from the Japan Society for Promotion of Science.This Special Issue of Anthropological Science was planned to gather together some of the research results regarding the anthropology of the Pleistocene of Okinawa, South Japan.Few Palaeolithic human fossils have been found in the Japanese archipelago, except for the Ryukyu…
Fossil record of early modern humans in East Asia
On dental wear, dental work, and oral health in the type specimen (LB1) of Homo floresiensis
The claim that the lower left first mandibular molar of LB1, the type specimen of Homo floresiensis , displays endodontic work, and a filling is assessed by digital radiography and micro‐CT scanning. The M 1 tooth crown is heavily worn and exhibits extensive dentine exposure that is stained white, but there is no trace of endodontic treatment or a dental filling in this Indonesian fossil dated to 17.1‐19.0 kya. Dental calculus (commonly observed …
Taxonomic affinities and evolutionary history of the early Pleistocene hominids of Java
Temporal changes, within‐group variation, and phylogenetic positions of the Early Pleistocene Javanese hominids remain unclear. Recent debate focused on the age of the oldest Javanese hominids, but the argument so far includes little morphological basis for the fossils. To approach these questions, we analyzed a comprehensive dentognathic sample from Sangiran, which includes most of the existing hominid mandibles and teeth from the Early Pleistoc…
Hominid Mandibular Remains from Sangiran
Eight hominid mandibular and associated dental remains discovered between 1952–1986 from the Early Pleistocene deposits of Sangiran, Central Java, are described. Although the specimens are surface finds, their original stratigraphic positions can be reasonably inferred on the basis of coincidental sources of information. These specimens significantly increase the dento‐gnathic sample available for intensive morphological investigation of the earl…
Cranial morphology of Javanese Homo erectus
Fossil record of early modern humans in East Asia
Craniofacial morphology of Homo floresiensis
Advanced dental reduction in Javanese Homo erectus
The postcanine tooth crowns of late Early Pleistocene Homo erectus from Sangiran, Java, have been considered to be significantly smaller than those of older H. erectus remains of the same region. In this study, the degree of dental reduction in the former was examined by comparing their postcanine crown size with that of various regional groups of recent H. sapiens. The results show that overall crown size and degree of posterior molar reduction …
Archaic Hominin Populations in Asia before the Arrival of Modern Humans
Our traditional scheme during the twentieth century was that Homo erectus had thrived on the vast terrain of eastern Asia since the Early Pleistocene, followed by the appearance of a more advanced but still primitive form of Homo in China during the mid-Middle Pleistocene. Recent discoveries or (re-)recognitions of other archaic hominins, such as Homo floresiensis from an Indonesian island, Neanderthals and the "Denisovans" from southern Siberia,…
Tooth wear and the ?design? of the human dentition
Worn, flat occlusal surfaces and anterior edge-to-edge occlusion are ubiquitous among the dentitions of prehistoric humans. The concept of attritional occlusion was proposed in the 1950s as a hypothesis to explain these characteristics. The main aspects of this hypothesis are: 1) the dentitions of ancient populations in heavy-wear environments were continuously and dynamically changing owing to life-long attritional tooth reduction and compensato…
Late Pleistocene modern human mandibles from the Minatogawa Fissure site, Okinawa, Japan
The Late Pleistocene modern human skeletal remains from the Minatogawa Fissure site, Okinawa, are important because of their exceptional completeness. This paper presents the first detailed morphological description of the five mandibular specimens from Minatogawa, which probably belong to two male and two female individuals (two of the five specimens likely belong to the same male individual). Intensive metric and non-metric comparisons with the…
A mandible from the Middle Pleistocene Hexian site and its significance in relation to the variability of Asian Homo erectus
Mandibular and dental features indicate that the Hexian mandible and teeth differ from northern Chinese H. erectus and European Middle Pleistocene hominins, but show some affinities with the Early Pleistocene specimens from Africa (Homo ergaster) and Java (H. erectus), as well as the Middle-Late Pleistocene mandible from Penghu, Taiwan. Compared to contemporaneous continental Asian hominin populations, the Hexian fossils may represent the surviva…
New reconstruction and morphological description of a Homo erectus cranium
Descriptions of the dental remains of Homo floresiensis
Dental remains of Homo floresiensis excavated during 2002–2004 at Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia, consist of one partial maxillary dentition, two nearly complete mandibular dentitions, and four isolated teeth. We present here morphological descriptions of all these specimens and report aspects of their dentition, occlusion, and oral health condition. This dental assemblage represents probably five but possibly four or six individuals. These differe…
Further analyses of the structural organization of Homo luzonensis teeth
The species Homo luzonensis has recently been described based on a set of dental and postcranial elements found at Callao Cave (Northern Luzon, Philippines) and dated to at least 50-67 ka. Seven postcanine maxillary teeth are attributed to this taxon, five of them belonging to the same individual (CCH6) and representing the holotype of H. luzonensis, whereas the isolated upper premolar CCH8 and the upper third molar CCH9 are paratypes of the spec…
Palaeolithic seafaring in East Asia
Preliminary Observation of a New Cranium of Homo erectus (Tjg-1993.05) from Sangiran, Central Jawa
In May of 1993, a new well-preserved hominid skull was recovered from the Bapang (Kabuh) Formation of the Sangiran region, Central Jawa. In this paper, we provisionally describe the skull and compare it with Homo erectus crania from Jawa and China. The new skull possesses a series of characteristic features of Asian H. erectus in overall size and shape of the vault, the expression of various ectocranial structures, and other details. Among three …
Homo erectus calvaria from Ngawi (Java) and its evolutionary implications
Ngawi 1 is an undated but well-preserved Homo erectus calvaria from Java. Previous craniometric and morphological studies have shown its similarities to late Javanese H. erectus from Ngandong as well as Sambungmacan (Sm 1 [and Sm 3]). Some researchers emphasize their morphological homogeneity, and suggest that this 'Ngandong/Sambungmacan/Ngawi group' is morphologically distinct from H. erectus from the Early Pleistocene of Sangiran and Trinil, po…
Brief communication
If the holotype of Homo floresiensis , LB1, suffered from a severe developmental pathology, this could undermine its status as the holotype of a new species. One of the proposed pathological indicators that still remains untested is asymmetric distortion in the skull of LB1 (Jacob et al.: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 (2006) 13421–13426). Here, we present evidence that LB1 exhibits antemortem craniofacial deformities that are consistent with posteri…
Changes in Alveolar Prognathism and Anterior Teeth Protrusion in Japan
Temporal changes in alveolar prognathism and anterior protrusion of the anterior teeth were examined using adult Japanese skeletal materials from the following periods: Jomon, Yayoi, protohistoric Kofun, early medieval Kamakura, late medieval Muromachi, early modern Edo, and Recent.These samples are mainly from the Kanto region except for the Yayoi which derives from the northern Kyushu and Yamaguchi regions and the Recent whose geological origin…
On dental wear, dental work, and oral health in the type specimen (LB1) of Homo floresiensis
The claim that the lower left first mandibular molar of LB1, the type specimen of Homo floresiensis , displays endodontic work, and a filling is assessed by digital radiography and micro‐CT scanning. The M 1 tooth crown is heavily worn and exhibits extensive dentine exposure that is stained white, but there is no trace of endodontic treatment or a dental filling in this Indonesian fossil dated to 17.1‐19.0 kya. Dental calculus (commonly observed …
Was Extensive Tooth Wear Normal in Our Ancestors? A Preliminary Examination in the Genus Homo
It is generally perceived among anthropologists that the degree of tooth wear had been consistently heavy in our ancestors until several thousand years ago. In order to test this impression quantitatively, degree of occlusal wear was compared among several fossil and subfossil groups of our genus, Homo, using a wear scoring method based on an ordinal scale. In spite of several restrictions in the nature of the available samples, the results suppo…
A new hominid incisor from Sangiran, Central Java
Modern human teeth unearthed from below the ∼128,000-year-old level at Punung, Java
A synthetic model of Palaeolithic seafaring in the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan
The rise of water transport technology enabled early modern humans to expand their habitable territory to insular environments. However, apart from intensive discussion for Wallacea, developmental process and regional variation of Palaeolithic seafaring remain unclear. To contribute this issue, the author presents a synthetic model for Palaeolithic seafaring in another region of the western Pacific, the Ryukyu Islands (Ryukyus). Here, some island…
Posterior deformational plagiocephaly properly explains the cranial asymmetries in LB1
Differences in Mandibular Morphology of the J/mon People from Kant/ and the Yayoi People from Northern Ky.sh. and Yamaguchi
Differences in mandibular morphology were investigated among three Japanese populations, the Neolithic Jomon from the Kanto region and two Aeneolithic Yayoi series from the northern Kyushu region and Yamaguchi Prefecture. The Jomon and Yayoi are considered to represent two major ancestral populations of the modern Japanese. Differences between the two male Yayoi samples were so small that they could be considered as having nearly identical mandib…
Human Skeletal Remains of the Yayoi Period from the Iwatusbo Cave Site in Gunma Prefecture, Kanto District
群馬県,岩津保洞窟遺跡出土の弥生時代中期前半に属する人骨群について,観察及び計測を行い,同時に縄文人,北部九州弥生人,古墳人,現代和人との比較分析を行なった。本人骨群は,関東地方内陸部出土の保存良好な弥生時代人骨としては初めてのものである。比較的完全な熟年女性2体には,頭骨及び体肢骨に縄文人的特徴が強く認められ,両個体とも縄文時代人の直接の子孫であると考えられる。しかし一方で,両個体とも推定身長が高く,かつ四肢骨が太いという点において,比較に用いた縄文人とは多少異なるようである
Differences in Mandibular Morphology of the J/mon People from Kant/ and the Yayoi People from Northern Ky.sh. and Yamaguchi
Differences in mandibular morphology were investigated among three Japanese populations, the Neolithic Jomon from the Kanto region and two Aeneolithic Yayoi series from the northern Kyushu region and Yamaguchi Prefecture. The Jomon and Yayoi are considered to represent two major ancestral populations of the modern Japanese. Differences between the two male Yayoi samples were so small that they could be considered as having nearly identical mandib…
Changes in mandibular morphology from the Jomon to modern periods in Eastern Japan
Metric characteristics of the mandibles of modern and various historical populations from the Kanto region (east-central Japan) were compared with those of their possible ancestral populations, i.e., the Jomon population from Kanto and the Yayoi population from northern Kyushu and Yamaguchi (western Japan). The Jomon people were aboriginal Holocene inhabitants of Japan, while the Yayoi skeletal series are considered to largely represent immigrant…
Changes in mandibular morphology from the Jomon to modern periods in Eastern Japan
Metric characteristics of the mandibles of modern and various historical populations from the Kanto region (east-central Japan) were compared with those of their possible ancestral populations, i.e., the Jomon population from Kanto and the Yayoi population from northern Kyushu and Yamaguchi (western Japan). The Jomon people were aboriginal Holocene inhabitants of Japan, while the Yoyoi skeletal series are considered to largely represent immigrant…
Changes in the pattern of tooth wear from prehistoric to recent periods in Japan
Although a number of studies have been performed on interpopulational variation of tooth wear patterns in recent humans, the major interest in the study of tooth wear so far has been in reconstructing the subsistence and behavior of prehistoric populations, and hence research on wear pattern changes in historic times has been superficial. The present study investigated temporal change in the pattern of wear on the permanent dentition of the Japan…
Changes in Alveolar Prognathism and Anterior Teeth Protrusion in Japan
Temporal changes in alveolar prognathism and anterior protrusion of the anterior teeth were examined using adult Japanese skeletal materials from the following periods: Jomon, Yayoi, protohistoric Kofun, early medieval Kamakura, late medieval Muromachi, early modern Edo, and Recent.These samples are mainly from the Kanto region except for the Yayoi which derives from the northern Kyushu and Yamaguchi regions and the Recent whose geological origin…
Tooth wear and compensatory modification of the anterior dentoalveolar complex in humans
In populations living in environments where teeth wear severely, some compensatory modification of the dentoalveolar complex is thought to occur during life whereby functional occlusion is maintained as tooth substance is lost by wear. This study investigates one aspect of this modification process: Changes in the anterior dentoalveolar complex that are accompanied with wear were examined in a series of Japanese skeletal samples. In the prehistor…
Was Extensive Tooth Wear Normal in Our Ancestors? A Preliminary Examination in the Genus Homo
It is generally perceived among anthropologists that the degree of tooth wear had been consistently heavy in our ancestors until several thousand years ago. In order to test this impression quantitatively, degree of occlusal wear was compared among several fossil and subfossil groups of our genus, Homo, using a wear scoring method based on an ordinal scale. In spite of several restrictions in the nature of the available samples, the results suppo…
A new hominid incisor from Sangiran, Central Java
Preliminary Observation of a New Cranium of Homo erectus (Tjg-1993.05) from Sangiran, Central Jawa
In May of 1993, a new well-preserved hominid skull was recovered from the Bapang (Kabuh) Formation of the Sangiran region, Central Jawa. In this paper, we provisionally describe the skull and compare it with Homo erectus crania from Jawa and China. The new skull possesses a series of characteristic features of Asian H. erectus in overall size and shape of the vault, the expression of various ectocranial structures, and other details. Among three …
Homo erectus Calvarium from the Pleistocene of Java
A Homo erectus calvarium [Sambungmacan 4 (Sm 4)] was recovered from Pleistocene sediments at Sambungmacan in central Java. Micro–computed tomography analysis shows a modern human–like cranial base flexion associated with a low platycephalic vault, implying that the evolution of human cranial globularity was independent of cranial base flexion. The overall morphology of Sm 4 is intermediate between that of earlier and later Javanese Homo erectus ;…
Tooth wear and the ?design? of the human dentition
Worn, flat occlusal surfaces and anterior edge-to-edge occlusion are ubiquitous among the dentitions of prehistoric humans. The concept of attritional occlusion was proposed in the 1950s as a hypothesis to explain these characteristics. The main aspects of this hypothesis are: 1) the dentitions of ancient populations in heavy-wear environments were continuously and dynamically changing owing to life-long attritional tooth reduction and compensato…
Frontal bone fragment ofHomo erectus from Sangiran, Java
Taxonomic affinities and evolutionary history of the early Pleistocene hominids of Java
Temporal changes, within‐group variation, and phylogenetic positions of the Early Pleistocene Javanese hominids remain unclear. Recent debate focused on the age of the oldest Javanese hominids, but the argument so far includes little morphological basis for the fossils. To approach these questions, we analyzed a comprehensive dentognathic sample from Sangiran, which includes most of the existing hominid mandibles and teeth from the Early Pleistoc…
Hominid Mandibular Remains from Sangiran
Eight hominid mandibular and associated dental remains discovered between 1952–1986 from the Early Pleistocene deposits of Sangiran, Central Java, are described. Although the specimens are surface finds, their original stratigraphic positions can be reasonably inferred on the basis of coincidental sources of information. These specimens significantly increase the dento‐gnathic sample available for intensive morphological investigation of the earl…
Origin of Modern Humans
過去20年ほどに渡って繰り広げられてきた現代人の起源をめぐる論争も,証拠の蓄積と分析手法の洗練化に伴って,現在ではアフリカ起源説が基本的に正しいとの認識に落ち着きつつある。これにより私たちは,アフリカで進化し,世界へ広がり,各地で文化を多様化させ,そして現在に至るという,私たちの種ホモ・サピエンスが歩んだ歴史全体の青写真を得ることができた。現在の人類学が目指すべき大きな目標の1つは,この歴史の細部をさらに明らかにし,ホモ・サピエンスの総史を完成させることであろう。本稿では,このような観点から私たちの種の起源研究の現状といくつかの課題を整理し,さらにこうした努力を継続していくことの意義について考察する。ホモ・サピエンスの総史の復元は,世界各地の研究者が共同して取り組むべき大きな課題だが,人間の文化の多様性や人種の成り立ちといった重要な話題について,根本的な理解を得るために必要不可欠な作業である
Advanced dental reduction in Javanese Homo erectus
The postcanine tooth crowns of late Early Pleistocene Homo erectus from Sangiran, Java, have been considered to be significantly smaller than those of older H. erectus remains of the same region. In this study, the degree of dental reduction in the former was examined by comparing their postcanine crown size with that of various regional groups of recent H. sapiens. The results show that overall crown size and degree of posterior molar reduction …
The cranium and mandible of Minatogawa 1 belong to the same individual
Minatogawa 1 is one of the rare well-preserved remains of Late Paleolithic Homo sapiens from East Asia, and is central to the investigation on the earlier phase of peopling in this region. In order to test the recent claim that the cranium and mandible of this specimen belong to different individuals, I re-examined its occlusion allowing for minor but significant distortion present in the original fossil specimen. It was confirmed that, when a co…
A new Homo erectus molar from Sangiran
Cranial morphology of Javanese Homo erectus
Brief communication
If the holotype of Homo floresiensis , LB1, suffered from a severe developmental pathology, this could undermine its status as the holotype of a new species. One of the proposed pathological indicators that still remains untested is asymmetric distortion in the skull of LB1 (Jacob et al.: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 (2006) 13421–13426). Here, we present evidence that LB1 exhibits antemortem craniofacial deformities that are consistent with posteri…
Posterior deformational plagiocephaly properly explains the cranial asymmetries in LB1
Cranial Morphology and Variation of the Earliest Indonesian Hominids
Preface to the Special Issue
Synthetic Research on the Transition of the Japanese from the Pleistocene to the Jomon and Yayoi Periods' with financial support from the Japan Society for Promotion of Science.This Special Issue of Anthropological Science was planned to gather together some of the research results regarding the anthropology of the Pleistocene of Okinawa, South Japan.Few Palaeolithic human fossils have been found in the Japanese archipelago, except for the Ryukyu…
Fossil record of early modern humans in East Asia
Geography (36 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (35 obras) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (34 obras) · Biology (32 obras) · Archaeology (31 obras) · Paleontology (24 obras) · Pleistocene (23 obras) · Homo erectus (18 obras) · Medicine (16 obras) · Paleontology (15 obras)