Robert Toovey Walker
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 79438 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Robert Toovey Walker |
| NOMBRES | Robert Toovey |
| APELLIDO | Walker |
| FIRMA | WALKER R T |
| AFILIACIONES | Michigan State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5691-7606 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 44 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 530 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 44 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1959 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 15 |
Biocultural Geographies
This article advances geographic scholarship about conservation and protected areas (PAs) through a focus on biocultural geographies. Biocultural geographies derive from relationships between heterogenous Indigenous stewardship practices, biological diversity, and trans-scalar multidimensional social, political, and ecological processes. The concept brings together insights from political ecology and biocultural conservation to address the interp…
Tapajós
Tapajós" narrates the field campaign of two researchers studying forest fragmentation in the Brazilian Amazon. It addresses a contemporary conflict in the region, where an Indigenous people, the Munduruku, are resisting efforts by the Brazilian State to channelize the Tapajós River and exploit its hydropower potential. Development here represents an existential threat to the Munduruku, whose homeland resides in the river valley. It also represent…
Globalized supply chains
Geography, Von Thünen, and Tobler's First Law
This article reviews Geography’s long intellectual engagement with the theory of von Thünen. It starts with the quantitative revolution, considering the original model in simple form and describing its extensions. Next comes an account of the critique precipitated by the cultural turn, which emphasized the model’s restrictive assumptions, formal abstractions, and inability to explain contemporary land uses. Although von Thünen disappeared from ec…
The Covid-19 crisis and Amazonia’s indigenous people
Nafta’s Cartel Economy
This article combines elements of a personal essay with travel writing, in which geographers have expressed renewed interest. Constructed not through contemplations of the mind but from lived corporeal experience, it reflects both fieldwork discomforts and moments of somatic exhilaration when the mind reacts, producing the epiphany of a new idea or insight. The article follows two researchers who travel through insecure parts of Mexico in an effo…
Avoiding Amazonian Catastrophes
Discipline and Develop
This article considers Amazonian environmental change by focusing on political and economic processes in a place-specific context with far-reaching global implications. In particular, we consider the destruction of the Brazil nut forest (BNF) in the lower basin. The Brazil nut tree yields a valuable nontimber forest product, and its loss raises concerns about Amazonia’s agro-ecological sustainability. The article posits the destruction of the BNF…
Spontaneous Colonization and Forest Fragmentation in the Central Amazon Basin
This article addresses the emergence of road networks and forest fragmentation in Central Amazônia, which has been impacted by both spontaneous and planned settlement. The first objective of the article is to broaden the discussion of fragmentation by addressing social processes that generate it through the construction of roads. Roads impact land cover change worldwide, and their role in Amazonian deforestation is known. The article also seeks t…
Contentious Land Change in the Amazon's Arc of Deforestation
Land change in the Amazon is driven by numerous factors including fiscal incentives, infrastructure, transportation costs, migration, and household decision making. Largely missing from the story to date, however, is the role of contentious social processes, including contention over land resources. By employing a case study of land conflict over a largeholding in southeastern Pará, Brazil, and a regional-scale statistical model, we describe cont…
The social viability and environmental sustainability of direct action land reform settlements in the Amazon
Smallholder timber sales along the Transamazon Highway
The Impact of Brazilian Biofuel Production on Amazônia
Global energy demand will increase through the twenty-first century. Competition for energy resources has already revealed geopolitical fault lines, and the dependence of industrial economies on fossil fuel promises to keep nations on edge. A widespread consensus has emerged that societies must transition to a new energy basis, given that fossil fuel is nonrenewable and its combustion leads to global warming. Although alternatives like nuclear en…
The Amazonian Theater of Cruelty
This article deploys the “Theater of Cruelty,” articulated by the French surrealist Antonin Artaud, as a conceptual heuristic to explicate the empirical world of contemporary Amazonia, in particular the “South of Pará,” a site of land war and forest destruction, which the Theater of Cruelty posits as a single dramatic event. We pursue this explication via direct physical immersion, in the form of a travelogue following State Road PA-150 from Mara…
Regional interdependence and forest “transitions”
The scale of forest transition
Intraregional Migration, Direct Action Land Reform, and New Land Settlements in the Brazilian Amazon
This article analyses migration histories of residents in rural settlements of the Brazilian Amazon that resulted from direct action land reform (DALR), which involves organised land occupations. Our analysis evaluates two hypotheses. The 'urban migration' expectation asserts that urban experience is important for DALR participation, which links rural and urban areas via migration for land occupations. The 'DALR efficacy' hypothesis argues that m…
Doing it for Themselves
Ranching and the new global range
Revisiting Theories of Frontier Expansion in the Brazilian Amazon
Accuracy Assessment for a Simulation Model of Amazonian Deforestation
This article describes a quantitative assessment of the output from the Behavioral Landscape Model (BLM), which has been developed to simulate the spatial pattern of deforestation (i.e. forest fragmentation) in the Amazon basin in a manner consistent with human behavior. The assessment consists of eighteen runs for a section of the Transamazon Highway in the lower basin, where the BLM's simulated deforestation map for each run is compared to a re…
Theorizing Land Cover and Land Use Change
This article addresses deforestation processes in the Amazon basin, using regression analysis to assess the impact of household structure and economic circumstances on land use decisions made by colonist farmers in the forest frontiers of Brazil. Unlike many previous regression-based studies, the methodology implemented analyzes behavior at the level of the individual property, using both survey data and information derived from the classificatio…
The Amazon Land War in the South of Pará
The South of Pará, located in the heart of the Brazilian Amazon, has become notorious for violent land struggle. Although land conflict has a long history in Brazil, and today impacts many parts of the country, violence is most severe and persistent here. The purpose of this article is to examine why. Specifically, we consider how a particular Amazonian place, the so-called South of Pará, has come to be known as Brazil's most dangerous badland. W…
Refining landscape change models through outlier analysis in the Muskegon watershed of Michigan
Balancing natural resource protection and urban development is of concern to researchers, planners and citizens who are aware of the environmental, social and economic impacts of urban land use. Land-use change models can assist in finding this balance. An objective of this research was to build a better model of land-use change by integrating quantitative and qualitative techniques. A modelling approach is presented that combines statistical log…
Land‐Cover and Land‐Use Change in the Brazilian Amazon
Tropical deforestation is a significant driver of global environmental change, given its impacts on the carbon cycle and biodiversity. Loss of the Amazon forest, the focus of this article, is of particular concern because of the size and the rapid rate at which the forest is being converted to agricultural use. In this article, we identify what has been the most important driver of deforestation in a specific colonization frontier in the Brazilia…
Ranching and the new global range
Land Use and Land Cover Change in Forest Frontiers
Tropical deforestation remains a critical issue given its present rate and a widespread consensus regarding its implications for the global carbon cycle and biodiversity. Nowhere is the problem more pronounced than in the Amazon basin, home to the world’s largest intact, tropical forest. This article addresses land cover change processes at household level in the Amazon basin, and to this end adapts a concept of domestic life cycle to the current…
Household Life Cycles and Secondary Forest Cover Among Small Farm Colonists in the Amazon
Land use and land cover dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon
Revisiting Theories of Frontier Expansion in the Brazilian Amazon
Theorizing Land-Cover and Land-Use Change
This article addresses land-cover and land-use dynamics from the perspective of regional science and economic geography. It first provides an account of the so-called spatially explicit model, which has emerged in recent years as a key empirical approach to the issue. The article uses this discussion as a springboard to evaluate the potential utility of von Thünen to the discourse on land-cover and land-use change. After identifying shortcomings …
Mapping Process to Pattern in the Landscape Change of the Amazonian Frontier
Changes in land use and land cover are dynamic processes reflecting a sequence of decisions made by individual land managers. In developing economies, these decisions may be embedded in the evolution of individual households, as is often the case in indigenous areas and agricultural frontiers. One goal of the present article is to address the land-use and land-cover decisions of colonist farmers in the Amazon Basin as a function, in part, of hous…
The Amazon Land War in the South of Pará
The South of Pará, located in the heart of the Brazilian Amazon, has become notorious for violent land struggle. Although land conflict has a long history in Brazil, and today impacts many parts of the country, violence is most severe and persistent here. The purpose of this article is to examine why. Specifically, we consider how a particular Amazonian place, the so-called South of Pará, has come to be known as Brazil's most dangerous badland. W…
Theorizing Land Cover and Land Use Change
This article addresses deforestation processes in the Amazon basin, using regression analysis to assess the impact of household structure and economic circumstances on land use decisions made by colonist farmers in the forest frontiers of Brazil. Unlike many previous regression-based studies, the methodology implemented analyzes behavior at the level of the individual property, using both survey data and information derived from the classificatio…
Linked Migration Systems
The relationship between immigration to and labor movements within the United States is examined using a model that links migration, occupations, production and institutional relations in the economy, and economic restructuring. The authors conclude that "native blue-collar workers have been spatially displaced by recent immigration and that the process of capital accumulation, as manifested in economic restructuring, is the driving force behind …
Land‐Cover and Land‐Use Change in the Brazilian Amazon
Tropical deforestation is a significant driver of global environmental change, given its impacts on the carbon cycle and biodiversity. Loss of the Amazon forest, the focus of this article, is of particular concern because of the size and the rapid rate at which the forest is being converted to agricultural use. In this article, we identify what has been the most important driver of deforestation in a specific colonization frontier in the Brazilia…
Contentious Land Change in the Amazon's Arc of Deforestation
Land change in the Amazon is driven by numerous factors including fiscal incentives, infrastructure, transportation costs, migration, and household decision making. Largely missing from the story to date, however, is the role of contentious social processes, including contention over land resources. By employing a case study of land conflict over a largeholding in southeastern Pará, Brazil, and a regional-scale statistical model, we describe cont…
The scale of forest transition
Doing it for Themselves
Regional interdependence and forest “transitions”
Theorizing Land-Cover and Land-Use Change
This paper possesses two related objectives. The first is to unite the bid-rent model of von Thünen and urban theorists with historical analysis in the interest of providing a theoretical approach to the comprehension of regional land-cover and land-use change. The second objective is to deploy the theoretical approach in an attempt to account for a specific change process, namely loss of wetlands in South Florida. Recently, the Annals of the Ass…
Intraregional Migration, Direct Action Land Reform, and New Land Settlements in the Brazilian Amazon
This article analyses migration histories of residents in rural settlements of the Brazilian Amazon that resulted from direct action land reform (DALR), which involves organised land occupations. Our analysis evaluates two hypotheses. The 'urban migration' expectation asserts that urban experience is important for DALR participation, which links rural and urban areas via migration for land occupations. The 'DALR efficacy' hypothesis argues that m…
Managing Land Use and Land-Cover Change
The biosphere reserve is an explicitly spatial approach to ecosystem management. Based on the theory of island biogeography, a biosphere reserve consists of a core area of high ecological value protected by buffers of increasing land-use intensity that provide a gradual transition to surrounding, human-dominated landscapes. This paper addresses implementation of the biosphere reserve associated with the New Jersey Pinelands Comprehensive Manageme…
Accuracy Assessment for a Simulation Model of Amazonian Deforestation
This article describes a quantitative assessment of the output from the Behavioral Landscape Model (BLM), which has been developed to simulate the spatial pattern of deforestation (i.e. forest fragmentation) in the Amazon basin in a manner consistent with human behavior. The assessment consists of eighteen runs for a section of the Transamazon Highway in the lower basin, where the BLM's simulated deforestation map for each run is compared to a re…
The Impact of Brazilian Biofuel Production on Amazônia
Global energy demand will increase through the twenty-first century. Competition for energy resources has already revealed geopolitical fault lines, and the dependence of industrial economies on fossil fuel promises to keep nations on edge. A widespread consensus has emerged that societies must transition to a new energy basis, given that fossil fuel is nonrenewable and its combustion leads to global warming. Although alternatives like nuclear en…
Loggers and Forest Fragmentation
Although a large literature now exists on the drivers of tropical deforestation, less is known about its spatial manifestation. This is a critical shortcoming in our knowledge base since the spatial pattern of land-cover change and forest fragmentation, in particular, strongly affect biodiversity. The purpose of this article is to consider emergent patterns of road networks, the initial proximate cause of fragmentation in tropical forest frontier…
The Effect of Government Incentives and Assistance on Location and Job Growth in Manufacturing
WALKER R. and GREENSTREET D. (1990) The effect of government incentives and assistance on location and job growth in manufacturing, Reg. Studies 25, 13–30. Many states and local development authorities attempt to create jobs through the application of incentive and assistance programmes meant to attract industry, to encourage entrepreneurship, and to promote the growth of existing establishments. Despite these efforts, which in many instances are…
The Amazonian Theater of Cruelty
This article deploys the “Theater of Cruelty,” articulated by the French surrealist Antonin Artaud, as a conceptual heuristic to explicate the empirical world of contemporary Amazonia, in particular the “South of Pará,” a site of land war and forest destruction, which the Theater of Cruelty posits as a single dramatic event. We pursue this explication via direct physical immersion, in the form of a travelogue following State Road PA-150 from Mara…
Searching for New Manufacturing Plant Locations
WALKER R. and CALZONETTI F. (1989) Searching for new manufacturing plant locations: a study of location decisions in Central Appalachia, Reg. Studies 23, 15–30. This paper analyses the search behaviour of manufacturers in Central Appalachia and develops a model of hierarchical decision-making under imperfect information. Using data collected from interview surveys of plant managers, regional and local search processes are evaluated. It is shown t…
Discipline and Develop
This article considers Amazonian environmental change by focusing on political and economic processes in a place-specific context with far-reaching global implications. In particular, we consider the destruction of the Brazil nut forest (BNF) in the lower basin. The Brazil nut tree yields a valuable nontimber forest product, and its loss raises concerns about Amazonia’s agro-ecological sustainability. The article posits the destruction of the BNF…
The Land of the Three Rivers
Searching for New Manufacturing Plant Locations
WALKER R. and CALZONETTI F. (1989) Searching for new manufacturing plant locations: a study of location decisions in Central Appalachia, Reg. Studies 23, 15–30. This paper analyses the search behaviour of manufacturers in Central Appalachia and develops a model of hierarchical decision-making under imperfect information. Using data collected from interview surveys of plant managers, regional and local search processes are evaluated. It is shown t…
The Effect of Government Incentives and Assistance on Location and Job Growth in Manufacturing
WALKER R. and GREENSTREET D. (1990) The effect of government incentives and assistance on location and job growth in manufacturing, Reg. Studies 25, 13–30. Many states and local development authorities attempt to create jobs through the application of incentive and assistance programmes meant to attract industry, to encourage entrepreneurship, and to promote the growth of existing establishments. Despite these efforts, which in many instances are…
Linked Migration Systems
The relationship between immigration to and labor movements within the United States is examined using a model that links migration, occupations, production and institutional relations in the economy, and economic restructuring. The authors conclude that "native blue-collar workers have been spatially displaced by recent immigration and that the process of capital accumulation, as manifested in economic restructuring, is the driving force behind …
Land degradation and property regimes
Upland agricultural and forestry development in the Amazon
Cropping and fallowing sequences of small farms in the “terra firme” landscape of the Brazilian Amazon
Land use and land cover dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon
Managing Land Use and Land-Cover Change
The biosphere reserve is an explicitly spatial approach to ecosystem management. Based on the theory of island biogeography, a biosphere reserve consists of a core area of high ecological value protected by buffers of increasing land-use intensity that provide a gradual transition to surrounding, human-dominated landscapes. This paper addresses implementation of the biosphere reserve associated with the New Jersey Pinelands Comprehensive Manageme…
Steps to compulsion within British labour market policies
This chapter talks about the trend towards compulsory work-for-benefit policies in the UK. It also focuses on the development of these policies by an ideologically social-democratic government operating within a ‘liberal’ welfare regime. The chapter takes a look at the New Deal programmes, which are comprised of three policy strands. It describes the structure of the New Deal for Young People, and points to some of the normative underpinnings of …
South Florida
South Florida
Household Life Cycles and Secondary Forest Cover Among Small Farm Colonists in the Amazon
Land Use and Land Cover Change in Forest Frontiers
Tropical deforestation remains a critical issue given its present rate and a widespread consensus regarding its implications for the global carbon cycle and biodiversity. Nowhere is the problem more pronounced than in the Amazon basin, home to the world’s largest intact, tropical forest. This article addresses land cover change processes at household level in the Amazon basin, and to this end adapts a concept of domestic life cycle to the current…
Lee, Living in Union with Christ
Mapping Process to Pattern in the Landscape Change of the Amazonian Frontier
Changes in land use and land cover are dynamic processes reflecting a sequence of decisions made by individual land managers. In developing economies, these decisions may be embedded in the evolution of individual households, as is often the case in indigenous areas and agricultural frontiers. One goal of the present article is to address the land-use and land-cover decisions of colonist farmers in the Amazon Basin as a function, in part, of hous…
Theorizing Land-Cover and Land-Use Change
This article addresses land-cover and land-use dynamics from the perspective of regional science and economic geography. It first provides an account of the so-called spatially explicit model, which has emerged in recent years as a key empirical approach to the issue. The article uses this discussion as a springboard to evaluate the potential utility of von Thünen to the discourse on land-cover and land-use change. After identifying shortcomings …
Theorizing Land-Cover and Land-Use Change
This paper possesses two related objectives. The first is to unite the bid-rent model of von Thünen and urban theorists with historical analysis in the interest of providing a theoretical approach to the comprehension of regional land-cover and land-use change. The second objective is to deploy the theoretical approach in an attempt to account for a specific change process, namely loss of wetlands in South Florida. Recently, the Annals of the Ass…
Loggers and Forest Fragmentation
Although a large literature now exists on the drivers of tropical deforestation, less is known about its spatial manifestation. This is a critical shortcoming in our knowledge base since the spatial pattern of land-cover change and forest fragmentation, in particular, strongly affect biodiversity. The purpose of this article is to consider emergent patterns of road networks, the initial proximate cause of fragmentation in tropical forest frontier…
Refining landscape change models through outlier analysis in the Muskegon watershed of Michigan
Balancing natural resource protection and urban development is of concern to researchers, planners and citizens who are aware of the environmental, social and economic impacts of urban land use. Land-use change models can assist in finding this balance. An objective of this research was to build a better model of land-use change by integrating quantitative and qualitative techniques. A modelling approach is presented that combines statistical log…
Land‐Cover and Land‐Use Change in the Brazilian Amazon
Tropical deforestation is a significant driver of global environmental change, given its impacts on the carbon cycle and biodiversity. Loss of the Amazon forest, the focus of this article, is of particular concern because of the size and the rapid rate at which the forest is being converted to agricultural use. In this article, we identify what has been the most important driver of deforestation in a specific colonization frontier in the Brazilia…
Accuracy Assessment for a Simulation Model of Amazonian Deforestation
This article describes a quantitative assessment of the output from the Behavioral Landscape Model (BLM), which has been developed to simulate the spatial pattern of deforestation (i.e. forest fragmentation) in the Amazon basin in a manner consistent with human behavior. The assessment consists of eighteen runs for a section of the Transamazon Highway in the lower basin, where the BLM's simulated deforestation map for each run is compared to a re…
Theorizing Land Cover and Land Use Change
This article addresses deforestation processes in the Amazon basin, using regression analysis to assess the impact of household structure and economic circumstances on land use decisions made by colonist farmers in the forest frontiers of Brazil. Unlike many previous regression-based studies, the methodology implemented analyzes behavior at the level of the individual property, using both survey data and information derived from the classificatio…
The Amazon Land War in the South of Pará
The South of Pará, located in the heart of the Brazilian Amazon, has become notorious for violent land struggle. Although land conflict has a long history in Brazil, and today impacts many parts of the country, violence is most severe and persistent here. The purpose of this article is to examine why. Specifically, we consider how a particular Amazonian place, the so-called South of Pará, has come to be known as Brazil's most dangerous badland. W…
Ranching and the new global range
Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management (31 obras) · Geography (30 obras) · Ecology (24 obras) · Economics (24 obras) · Amazon rainforest (20 obras) · Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development (15 obras) · Land Rights and Reforms (15 obras) · Land use (15 obras) · Political science (14 obras) · Environmental Science (13 obras)