Terje Lohndal
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 796027 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Terje Lohndal |
| NOMBRES | Terje |
| APELLIDO | Lohndal |
| FIRMA | LOHNDAL T |
| AFILIACIONES | Norwegian University of Science and Technology |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8514-1499 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 36 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 92 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2009 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Language change and the loss of feminine gender
This article presents an investigation of the ongoing change in grammatical gender in Norwegian dialects, specifically the dialect of Oslo. We find that the feminine indefinite article ei and the prenominal possessives mi/di/si have disappeared from the Oslo dialect, resulting in a two-gender system with common and neuter. While the feminine definite suffix - a and the postnominal possessives mi/di/si have been found in previous studies to be gen…
Elise Newman, When Arguments Merge (Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 88). Cambridge, MA
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Verb placement in embedded clauses in heritage Norwegian
Purpose: This study examines embedded clauses with adverb/negation in heritage speakers of Norwegian in North America. We ask (a) whether the production of these structures is different from the baseline, (b) how the production is different, and (c) why it is different. Methodology: 50 second to fifth-generation speakers from the Corpus of American Nordic Speech (CANS) are compared with a baseline consisting of 13 first-generation speakers from t…
The decline of feminine possessives in Norwegian
This paper reports results from a large cross-dialectal study, showing that feminine forms are changing in several dialects. These results suggest that the Norwegian three-gender system may be in the process of becoming a two-gender system. By using a more extensive battery of experimental tests than previous studies, we are able to scrutinize the nature of grammatical gender with substantial empirical coverage. The data consists of pre- and post…
Modeling multilingual grammars
We are grateful for the many thoughtful responses to our epistemological paper, ‘The importance of features and exponents: Dissolving Feature Reassembly’ (henceforth, L&P). It is impossible to do justice to all of the points that have been raised in this response; rather, we will focus on three main points which hopefully will address the most important comments and concerns that have been raised
The importance of features and exponents
Formal approaches to bi- and multilingual grammars rely on two important claims: (i) the grammatical architecture should be able to deal with mono- and bi-/multilingual data without any specific constraints for the latter, (ii) features play a pivotal role in accounting for patterns across and within grammars. In the present paper, it is argued that an exoskeletal approach to grammar, which clearly distinguishes between the underlying syntactic f…
Words as Archaeological Objects
Reverend Thomas Bridges’ Yagan-English dictionary (1879) has hitherto been little explored outside of linguistics but is highly valuable as a complementary source to archaeological, ethnohistorical, and ethnographic records in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina and Chile). The dictionary contains 22,800 entries and yields rich information concerning the marine lifeways of the Yagan and their and intimate knowledge about Fuegian seascapes. The idea behin…
Extraction from finite adjunct clauses
Recent experiments have confirmed earlier informal evidence that finite adjuncts are not islands categorically. Specifically, it has been shown that adjuncts are not necessarily islands for all dependency types (Sprouse et al. 2016), and that the island status of an adjunct depends on the type of the adjunct clause in question (Kush et al. 2019; Müller 2019; Bondevik et al. 2021; Nyvad et al. 2022). The current study further explores these questi…
Gender variation across the Oromo dialects
This study aims to (1) demonstrate the position of the Oromo gender system in Corbett's (1991) typology of gender; (2) illustrate major syntactic gender variation across the Oromo dialects; (3) identify factors that contributed to the gender variation, and (4) illustrate the morphosyntax of the Oromo gender system. The data obtained from the Oromo Speech Corpus shows a high degree of lexical and syntactic variation between the Western‐Northern di…
Variable V2 in Norwegian heritage language
This paper discusses possible attrition of verb second (V2) word order in Norwegian heritage language by investigating a corpus of spontaneous speech produced by 50 2nd–4th generation heritage speakers in North America. The study confirms previous findings that V2 word order is generally stable in heritage situations, but nevertheless finds approximately 10% V2 violations. The cases of non-V2 word order are argued to be due to lack of activation …
Comparing Island Effects for Different Dependency Types in Norwegian
Recent research suggests that island effects may vary as a function of dependency type, potentially challenging accounts that treat island effects as reflecting uniform constraints on all filler-gap dependency formation. Some authors argue that cross-dependency variation is more readily accounted for by discourse-functional constraints that take into account the discourse status of both the filler and the constituent containing the gap. We ran a …
A Companion to Chomsky
Variation across individuals and domains in Norwegian heritage language
This paper investigates spontaneous production from 50 speakers of Norwegian heritage language in the Corpus of American Nordic Speech and studies the interplay between four linguistic properties: possessives and double definiteness, verb second word order, grammatical gender, and the amount of language mixing. It is shown that speakers cluster in the sense that some speakers produce more Norwegian-like structures across properties, whereas other…
Grammatical Gender
This paper discusses grammatical gender in Norwegian by bringing together data from first language acquisition, Norwegian heritage language, and dialect change. In all these contexts, gender is often claimed to be a vulnerable category, arguably due to the relative non-transparency of gender assignment. Furthermore, the feminine gender is in the process of being lost in many Norwegian dialects, as feminine agreement forms (for example, the indefi…
Variation in adjunct islands
Finite adjunct clauses are often assumed to be among the strongest islands for filler–gap dependency creation cross-linguistically, but Kush, Lohndal & Sprouse (2019) found experimental evidence suggesting that finite conditional om -adjunct clauses are not islands for topicalization in Norwegian. To investigate the generality of these findings, we ran three acceptability judgment experiments testing topicalization out of three adjunct clause typ…
The Tale of Two Lexicons
The notion of complexity is evasive and often left to intuition, yet it is often invoked when studying heritage language grammars. In this article, we propose a first pass at decomposing the notion of complexity into smaller components in a formal grammatical model. In particular, we argue that a distributed model of the lexicon (i.e., one that assumes that principles that generate both words and phrases are one and the same) allows us to identif…
La topicalisation en français et en norvégien
In this paper, structural and syntactic properties of left dislocation as topics in French and Norwegian are examined in a systematic manner. We establish a standard division of Hanging Topics and Left Dislocated Topics and argue for the distinction in both languages. There are however fundamental structural differences between French and Norwegian related fundamentally to the V2 feature of Norwegian as a Germanic language. This means that we fin…
The Effects of Attrition on Grammatical Gender
Heritage grammars have been argued to differ with respect to whether they are an instantiation of divergent attainment or attrition. Attrition and divergent attainment are not mutually exclusive and can even co-exist with respect to the same or different grammatical phenomena, but teasing these apart requires longitudinal studies or carefully selected cross-sectional data (Montrul, 2008; 2016; Polinsky, 2011). In this article we present data from…
A distributed architecture of L1 attrition
Language mixing within verbs and nouns in American Norwegian
Heritage language acquisition
This paper discusses the interplay between acquisition and theory construction. It endeavors to show how a more direct and crucially bi-directional relationship between formal linguistic theory and the study of heritage language bilingualism can provide mutual benefit. It will be argued that data from acquisition-not exclusively but indeed especially from heritage language bilingualism-provide windows into the tenability of formal linguistic prop…
On the Island Sensitivity of Topicalization in Norwegian
Mainland Scandinavian languages have been reported to allow movement from embedded questions, relative clauses, and complex NPs-domains commonly considered to be islands crosslinguistically. Yet in formal acceptability studies Scandinavian participants often show ‘island effects’: they reject island-violating movement similarly to native speakers of ‘island-sensitive’ languages. To investigate this apparent mismatch between informal and formal ju…
Lexicalist vs. exoskeletal approaches to language mixing
This article presents empirical evidence that disfavors using highly lexicalist minimalist models, such as the one presented in Chomsky (1995), when analyzing language mixing. The data analyzed consist of English – Spanish mixed noun phrases discussed in Moro (2014) as well as English – Norwegian mixed noun phrases and verbs taken from the Corpus of American Norwegian Speech. Whereas the lexicalist model in Chomsky (1995) only can explain a subse…
Investigating variation in island effects
V3 in Germanic
It is well known that varieties of Germanic do not display a strict V2 system whereby the finite verb is in the second position in main clauses. In this paper, we compare the Germanic heritage language American Norwegian with the Germanic urban vernacular Kiezdeutsch. We focus on declarative V3 structures and compare V3 properties in Kiezdeutsch with data from American Norwegian across several decades. Despite several surface similarities involvi…
On the Island Sensitivity of Topicalization in Norwegian
Mainland Scandinavian languages have been reported to allow movement from embedded questions, relative clauses, and complex NPs-domains commonly considered to be islands crosslinguistically. Yet in formal acceptability studies Scandinavian participants often show ‘island effects’: they reject island-violating movement similarly to native speakers of ‘island-sensitive’ languages. To investigate this apparent mismatch between informal and formal ju…
Investigating variation in island effects
Negative Concord and (Multiple) Agree
This article examines the formalization of negative concord in terms of the Minimalist Program, focusing entirely on negative concord in West Flemish. It is shown that a recent analysis of negative concord that advocates Multiple Agree is empirically inadequate. Instead of Multiple Agree, a particular implementation of the simpler and less powerful binary Agree proves superior in deriving the data in question
Heritage language acquisition
This paper discusses the interplay between acquisition and theory construction. It endeavors to show how a more direct and crucially bi-directional relationship between formal linguistic theory and the study of heritage language bilingualism can provide mutual benefit. It will be argued that data from acquisition-not exclusively but indeed especially from heritage language bilingualism-provide windows into the tenability of formal linguistic prop…
Language mixing within verbs and nouns in American Norwegian
Comparing Island Effects for Different Dependency Types in Norwegian
Recent research suggests that island effects may vary as a function of dependency type, potentially challenging accounts that treat island effects as reflecting uniform constraints on all filler-gap dependency formation. Some authors argue that cross-dependency variation is more readily accounted for by discourse-functional constraints that take into account the discourse status of both the filler and the constituent containing the gap. We ran a …
Words as Archaeological Objects
Reverend Thomas Bridges’ Yagan-English dictionary (1879) has hitherto been little explored outside of linguistics but is highly valuable as a complementary source to archaeological, ethnohistorical, and ethnographic records in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina and Chile). The dictionary contains 22,800 entries and yields rich information concerning the marine lifeways of the Yagan and their and intimate knowledge about Fuegian seascapes. The idea behin…
Freezing effects and objects
This paper is an investigation of freezing effects, that is, cases where an element (e.g. an object or a subject, or an element within it) is unable to move from a certain structural position. An account of the most prominent properties of freezing in Norwegian is followed by a comparative study of primarily English and Norwegian indirect objects, with important consequences for the general approach to indirect objects. Although recent analyses c…
A distributed architecture of L1 attrition
Variation and change in Norwegian wh -questions
In this paper, we consider variation in Verb Second (V2) word order in wh -questions across Norwegian dialects by investigating data from the Nordic Syntax Database (NSD), which consists of acceptability judgments collected at more than 100 locations in Norway. We trace the geographical distribution of the two main variables: phrasal vs. monosyllabic wh -elements (the latter argued to be heads) and subject vs. non-subject questions. In subject qu…
An annotated syntax reader
Chapter 9. The Copula cycle
More on Scope Illusions
This paper extends the analysis of Fox & Sauerland (1996) of scope illusions and argues that what look like inverse scope readings in clefts with indefinite noun phrase pivots are really illusory cases of scope inversion. Instead, inverse scope comes about due to generic quantification over situations. Furthermore, the present paper adds to Fox and Sauerland by observing differences between a and some indefinites, where only the former yields ill…
The logic of parametric theories
'Parameters in minimalist theory: The case of Scandinavian' (henceforth, PMT), by Anders Holmberg, is an interesting attempt to defend the view that 'deep parameters' should be part of the grammatical system. PMT argues that parameters should be seen as points of 'underspecification', and in part as 3 rd factor effects in the sense of Chomsky (2005) - thus casting doubts on attempts to locate parametric variation in the lexicon and at the interfa…
Freezing effects and objects
This paper is an investigation of freezing effects, that is, cases where an element (e.g. an object or a subject, or an element within it) is unable to move from a certain structural position. An account of the most prominent properties of freezing in Norwegian is followed by a comparative study of primarily English and Norwegian indirect objects, with important consequences for the general approach to indirect objects. Although recent analyses c…
Negative Concord and (Multiple) Agree
This article examines the formalization of negative concord in terms of the Minimalist Program, focusing entirely on negative concord in West Flemish. It is shown that a recent analysis of negative concord that advocates Multiple Agree is empirically inadequate. Instead of Multiple Agree, a particular implementation of the simpler and less powerful binary Agree proves superior in deriving the data in question
Medial adjunct PPs in English
This paper provides evidence that medial adjunct PPs in English are possible. On the basis of corpus data, it is shown that sentence-medial adjunct PPs are not unacceptable and are attested. Our corpus data also reveal a sharp asymmetry between negative and non-negative adjunct PPs. The analysis of the corpus revealed the following pattern: Non-negative adjunct PPs such as at that time resist medial position and instead tend to be postverbal; neg…
Generative grammar and language mixing
An annotated syntax reader
The role of underspecification in grammar
In order to understand the human ability for language, we cannot simply focus on the\nidealized monolingual speaker or signer (Chomsky, 1965). Rather, as much work in second\nlanguage acquisition has recognized, it is also necessary to study instances where a person\nmasters two or more languages at different levels of proficiency. Today’s globalized world\nwith increased migration will further increase the number of multilingual speakers. Howeve…
Strong vs. Weak Islands
The focus of the chapter is weak islands (WI), that is, selective islands. Strong (absolute) islands are considered only to set the stage for the discussion of WIs. Up until the late 1980s nothing much beyond wh ‐islands had been thought to be WIs. Beginning with Relativized Minimality, an ever‐growing range of WIs has been recognized. Thus, theories of WIs have mushroomed, each coming with a significant set of new data and important new connecti…
Variation and change in Norwegian wh -questions
In this paper, we consider variation in Verb Second (V2) word order in wh -questions across Norwegian dialects by investigating data from the Nordic Syntax Database (NSD), which consists of acceptability judgments collected at more than 100 locations in Norway. We trace the geographical distribution of the two main variables: phrasal vs. monosyllabic wh -elements (the latter argued to be heads) and subject vs. non-subject questions. In subject qu…
Lexicalist vs. exoskeletal approaches to language mixing
This article presents empirical evidence that disfavors using highly lexicalist minimalist models, such as the one presented in Chomsky (1995), when analyzing language mixing. The data analyzed consist of English – Spanish mixed noun phrases discussed in Moro (2014) as well as English – Norwegian mixed noun phrases and verbs taken from the Corpus of American Norwegian Speech. Whereas the lexicalist model in Chomsky (1995) only can explain a subse…
Investigating variation in island effects
A distributed architecture of L1 attrition
Language mixing within verbs and nouns in American Norwegian
Heritage language acquisition
This paper discusses the interplay between acquisition and theory construction. It endeavors to show how a more direct and crucially bi-directional relationship between formal linguistic theory and the study of heritage language bilingualism can provide mutual benefit. It will be argued that data from acquisition-not exclusively but indeed especially from heritage language bilingualism-provide windows into the tenability of formal linguistic prop…
On the Island Sensitivity of Topicalization in Norwegian
Mainland Scandinavian languages have been reported to allow movement from embedded questions, relative clauses, and complex NPs-domains commonly considered to be islands crosslinguistically. Yet in formal acceptability studies Scandinavian participants often show ‘island effects’: they reject island-violating movement similarly to native speakers of ‘island-sensitive’ languages. To investigate this apparent mismatch between informal and formal ju…
La topicalisation en français et en norvégien
In this paper, structural and syntactic properties of left dislocation as topics in French and Norwegian are examined in a systematic manner. We establish a standard division of Hanging Topics and Left Dislocated Topics and argue for the distinction in both languages. There are however fundamental structural differences between French and Norwegian related fundamentally to the V2 feature of Norwegian as a Germanic language. This means that we fin…
The Effects of Attrition on Grammatical Gender
Heritage grammars have been argued to differ with respect to whether they are an instantiation of divergent attainment or attrition. Attrition and divergent attainment are not mutually exclusive and can even co-exist with respect to the same or different grammatical phenomena, but teasing these apart requires longitudinal studies or carefully selected cross-sectional data (Montrul, 2008; 2016; Polinsky, 2011). In this article we present data from…
A Companion to Chomsky
Variation across individuals and domains in Norwegian heritage language
This paper investigates spontaneous production from 50 speakers of Norwegian heritage language in the Corpus of American Nordic Speech and studies the interplay between four linguistic properties: possessives and double definiteness, verb second word order, grammatical gender, and the amount of language mixing. It is shown that speakers cluster in the sense that some speakers produce more Norwegian-like structures across properties, whereas other…
Grammatical Gender
This paper discusses grammatical gender in Norwegian by bringing together data from first language acquisition, Norwegian heritage language, and dialect change. In all these contexts, gender is often claimed to be a vulnerable category, arguably due to the relative non-transparency of gender assignment. Furthermore, the feminine gender is in the process of being lost in many Norwegian dialects, as feminine agreement forms (for example, the indefi…
Variation in adjunct islands
Finite adjunct clauses are often assumed to be among the strongest islands for filler–gap dependency creation cross-linguistically, but Kush, Lohndal & Sprouse (2019) found experimental evidence suggesting that finite conditional om -adjunct clauses are not islands for topicalization in Norwegian. To investigate the generality of these findings, we ran three acceptability judgment experiments testing topicalization out of three adjunct clause typ…
The Tale of Two Lexicons
The notion of complexity is evasive and often left to intuition, yet it is often invoked when studying heritage language grammars. In this article, we propose a first pass at decomposing the notion of complexity into smaller components in a formal grammatical model. In particular, we argue that a distributed model of the lexicon (i.e., one that assumes that principles that generate both words and phrases are one and the same) allows us to identif…
Comparing Island Effects for Different Dependency Types in Norwegian
Recent research suggests that island effects may vary as a function of dependency type, potentially challenging accounts that treat island effects as reflecting uniform constraints on all filler-gap dependency formation. Some authors argue that cross-dependency variation is more readily accounted for by discourse-functional constraints that take into account the discourse status of both the filler and the constituent containing the gap. We ran a …
Linguistics (29 obras) · Computer Science (27 obras) · Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation (26 obras) · Philosophy (25 obras) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (18 obras) · Psychology (15 obras) · Norwegian (14 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (12 obras) · Natural Language Processing Techniques (12 obras) · Physics (10 obras)