W Penn Handwerker
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 80167 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | W Penn Handwerker |
| NOMBRES | W Penn |
| APELLIDO | Handwerker |
| FIRMA | HANDWERKER W P |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Connecticut |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 54 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 344 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 54 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1973 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2011 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Psalms and Coping with Uncertainty
Many scholars have argued that rituals serve to help individuals cope with challenges that arise under uncertain conditions. Ongoing research has been examining this claim with data collected on how Israeli women use psalm recitation to cope with the stress of war and terror. Here we compare the efficacy of psalm recitation among religious women who remained in northern Israel during the 2006 Lebanon War and women who relocated to central Israel,…
Where Bad Teeth Come From
This study tests hypotheses about the origins of teeth and good In the process, we show how cultures exert causal force and produce what, following the lead of the dental professionals and dental patients who served as our research participants, we call bad teeth. We conducted a mixed method ethnography that integrated narratives from one set of diverse research participants (n=39) with structured interviews from a different set of diverse partic…
The Evolution of Ethnographic Research Methods
This article evaluates six recent contributions to the literature on ethnographic research methods. Four concern collecting and analyzing texts, one introduces the use of textual and numerical data, and one illustrates the use of quantitative methods for qualitative data. The first four books reveal that current thinking in qualitative methods continues to privilege inexplicit criteria for data collection and analysis despite recognizing that exp…
Traumatic Stress, Ecological Contingency, and Sexual Behavior
Previous studies try to account for variance in adolescent sexual precociousness, sexual mobility, and childbearing by reference either to sociological risk factors (e.g., poverty, social class, opportunitiesjbr sexual activity, or the absence of constraints on sexual activity) or to an evolved, domain-specific cognitive mechanism. However, these forms of behavioral variation may reflect an evolved mental mechanism that creates behavioral plastic…
Does Marking Tone Make Tone Languages Easier to Read
Among designers of orthographies for previously nonwritten languages, the prevailing wisdom is that native speakers of tone languages need to see at least some tones marked to achieve full literacy in those languages. A counter argument is that marking tone confuses native speakers of tone languages. We report here on an experiment on tone marking in Kom, a language of the Grassfields region of Cameroon. The results show that, for Kom at least, t…
Puerto Rican understandings of child disability
The Construct Validity of Cultures
If we distinguish culture (embodied in individuals) from cultures (embodied in the superorganic properties of groups), we make it possible to accommodate the observation that individuals vary, make choices, and exert control over their lives with the observation that those same individuals find themselves constrained by recurrent patterns with properties of things. This shift in perspective makes the central problem for ethnography the identifica…
Child abuse and the balance of power in parental relationships
Previous studies use zero-order analyses to show a link between child abuse and exposure to “stepfathers.” These studies rest on a proposed evolved, domain-specific cognitive mechanism that induces adult males to abuse or kill offspring not their own and, so, contribute directly to reproductive success. However, child abuse may reflect an evolved neurological mechanism that creates behavioral plasticity and adaptability by assigning emotional wei…
Quick Ethnography
Quick Ethnography(QE) is an easy-to-read guide to the rapid collection of high quality ethnographic data for use in research, policy analysis, and decision-making. It addresses the needs of social scientists grappling with complex cultural social interactions and cultural change occurring in communities around the globe by offering a comprehensive, integrated multi-method approach that will increase research productivity. Handwerker provides step…
Child abuse and the balance of power in parental relationships
Previous studies use zero-order analyses to show a link between child abuse and exposure to "stepfathers." These studies rest on a proposed evolved, domain-specific cognitive mechanism that induces adult males to abuse or kill offspring not their own and, so, contribute directly to reproductive success. However, child abuse may reflect an evolved neurological mechanism that creates behavioral plasticity and adaptability by assigning emotional wei…
Ethnic Category Labels, Parental Beliefs, and the Contextualized Individual
Objective. Research has suggested that parenting practices reflect cultural meaning systems. Recent debate regarding the use of individualism and sociocentrism as broad constructs that describe parents' cultural meaning systems have centered on the adequacy of such terms to capture the multiplicity of individual orientations that exist within any group. Concomitantly, concerns have been raised that ethnic category labels may be combined with the …
Comment on Duranleau
Why Violence? A Test of Hypotheses Representing Three Discourses on the Roots of Domestic Violence
Researchers in the social and behavioral sciences medicine and public health have barely begun the process of delineating the nature of violence. Explanations for violence conceptualize the phenomenon in three very different ways - as embodied in (1) individuals (2) social circumstances and (3) social relationships. Data on violence and affection between heterosexual domestic partners support the first and third hypotheses but not the second. The…
Logistic Regression
Sampling Guidelines for Cultural Data
Health and Social Change in International Perspective
Health and Social Change in International Perspective. Lincoln C. Chen, Arthur Kleinman, and Norma C. Ware, eds. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994 (paper). xv+ 508 pp
Universal Human Rights and the Problem of Unbounded Cultural Meanings
Freedom from violence stands as an important candidate for a universal human right. By definition, however, such rights apply only to phenomena that are universally perceived and experienced and take predictable expression, a possibility that many contemporary interpretations of cultural theory reject. Yet people who live dramatically different lives-on tourist islands in the West Indies or as hunter-gatherers and reindeer herders in Arctic regio…
Sampling Strategies for the Collection of Cultural Data
Constructing Likert Scales
Power and gender
Discourses on violence conceptualize the phenomenon as a property of (1) individuals, (2) social circumstances, and (3) social relationships. Rigorous comparative tests fail to support the first and second hypotheses. Survey data collected in 1990 from a national random sample of 407 men and women aged twenty to forty-five from the West Indian island of Barbados indicate that one of four experienced physical and emotional violence as children. Bo…
Simple Random Samples of Regional Populations
Creating Historical Time Series with Survey Data
Empowerment and Fertility Transition on Antigua, WI
This paper shows that Antiguan women's birth trajectories are functions of their view of the moral economy of childbearing, which in turn is a function of the conjunction of improved employment opportunities and increased educational attainment. Women's educational attainment, however, is a function of improved employment opportunities. Education by itself had almost nothing to do with Antigua's decline to replacement-level fertility. Education t…
West Indian gender relations, family planning programs and fertility decline
Women's power and fertility transition
The Construct Validity of Cultures
If we distinguish culture (embodied in individuals) from cultures (embodied in the superorganic properties of groups), we make it possible to accommodate the observation that individuals vary, make choices, and exert control over their lives with the observation that those same individuals find themselves constrained by recurrent patterns with properties of things. This shift in perspective makes the central problem for ethnography the identifica…
The Modern Demographic Transition
This paper argues that fertility transition comes about when personal material well-being is determined less by personal relationships than by formal education and skill training. This transformation occurs when changes in opportunity structure and the labor market increasingly reward educationally acquired skills and perspectives, for these changes have the effect of sharply limiting or eliminating the expected intergenerational income flows fro…
Sampling Strategies for the Collection of Cultural Data
The First Demographic Transition
Demographers tend to account for the low growth rates through most of human history by reference to high levels of fertility and mortality. In contrast, anthropologists commonly suppose that Pleistocene growth rates stemmed from low levels of fertility and mortality, and that the increased rate of growth at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition stemmed from an increase in fertility. This paper adduces evidence supporting the view that Pleistocene g…
The Origins and Evolution of Culture
This article outlines a deductive theory that creates a new way to think about the origins and evolution of culture. It is Darwinian in the sense that it posits that novel concepts and behavior, like novel genes, appear randomly and are subject to selection on the basis of specific criteria that are established by the properties of living things. The theory permits us to hypothesize properties of the genome that generate culture and to infer the …
Psalms and Coping with Uncertainty
Many scholars have argued that rituals serve to help individuals cope with challenges that arise under uncertain conditions. Ongoing research has been examining this claim with data collected on how Israeli women use psalm recitation to cope with the stress of war and terror. Here we compare the efficacy of psalm recitation among religious women who remained in northern Israel during the 2006 Lebanon War and women who relocated to central Israel,…
Research in Population and Culture
Universal Human Rights and the Problem of Unbounded Cultural Meanings
Freedom from violence stands as an important candidate for a universal human right. By definition, however, such rights apply only to phenomena that are universally perceived and experienced and take predictable expression, a possibility that many contemporary interpretations of cultural theory reject. Yet people who live dramatically different lives-on tourist islands in the West Indies or as hunter-gatherers and reindeer herders in Arctic regio…
Empowerment and Fertility Transition on Antigua, WI
This paper shows that Antiguan women's birth trajectories are functions of their view of the moral economy of childbearing, which in turn is a function of the conjunction of improved employment opportunities and increased educational attainment. Women's educational attainment, however, is a function of improved employment opportunities. Education by itself had almost nothing to do with Antigua's decline to replacement-level fertility. Education t…
Sex and Dominance
In an explicit and simultaneous test of alternative sociobiological and sociocultural explanations for the emergence of differential sexual dominance in initially unstructured small groups, the sociobiological explanation is falsified. This paper thus suggests a strategy for rationally evaluating these emotionally charged issues, and discusses problems future studies should confront directly, [sex roles, sociology, methodology, biology and cultur…
Family, Fertility, and Economics [and Comments and Reply]
Family, fertility, and economics are inextricably intertwined. Yet despite intensive investigation, the interdependencies among these phenomena remain elusive. Expectations based on cross-cultural research and the theory of industrial society are contradicted by studies from throughout the industrial and industrializing world. Foundamental conceptual errors underlie these difficulties. This paper indicates how the interdependencies among family, …
Women's power and fertility transition
Power and gender
Discourses on violence conceptualize the phenomenon as a property of (1) individuals, (2) social circumstances, and (3) social relationships. Rigorous comparative tests fail to support the first and second hypotheses. Survey data collected in 1990 from a national random sample of 407 men and women aged twenty to forty-five from the West Indian island of Barbados indicate that one of four experienced physical and emotional violence as children. Bo…
Kinship, Friendship, and Business Failure among Market Sellers in Monrovia, Liberia, 1970
IntroductionThis paper discusses the intertwining of the obligations among close friends and kin and the firms of market sellers in Monrovia, Liberia. The literature on entrepreneurship in Africa in many respects has been a debate on the relation between kinship obligations and the relative success of entrepreneurs. Based on data gathered during the early 1950s (e.g. Bauer, 1963: 7-8; Dorjahn, 1962), a consensus of sorts was reached by the early …
Ethnic Category Labels, Parental Beliefs, and the Contextualized Individual
Objective. Research has suggested that parenting practices reflect cultural meaning systems. Recent debate regarding the use of individualism and sociocentrism as broad constructs that describe parents' cultural meaning systems have centered on the adequacy of such terms to capture the multiplicity of individual orientations that exist within any group. Concomitantly, concerns have been raised that ethnic category labels may be combined with the …
West Indian gender relations, family planning programs and fertility decline
Population, Production, and Culture in the Plains Societies of Northern Cameroon and Chad
In the context of an FAO seminar on agricultural planning and population, the author shows what the anthropologist can contribute to the analysis of this kind of problem. The case put forward is based on five years of field research in Chad and Cameroon from 1958 to 1976, among the Masa, Musey, Tuburi, and Kera. Their demography, production system, and social organization are examined. In a regional framework large enough to warrant a fresh plann…
Scope of Perspective in Fertility Models
Changing Household Organization in the Origins of Market Places in Liberia
Technology and Household Configuration in Urban Africa
The interrelatedness of technology and social structure has intrigued investigators for more than a century. Of particular interest has been the apparent sufficiency of different technologies for different residential and kinship structures. A distinct line of research on this issue may be traced from the early 1900's. The thread drawing together such studies is the long-suspected curvilinear relation between the complexity of the technological s…
Traumatic Stress, Ecological Contingency, and Sexual Behavior
Previous studies try to account for variance in adolescent sexual precociousness, sexual mobility, and childbearing by reference either to sociological risk factors (e.g., poverty, social class, opportunitiesjbr sexual activity, or the absence of constraints on sexual activity) or to an evolved, domain-specific cognitive mechanism. However, these forms of behavioral variation may reflect an evolved mental mechanism that creates behavioral plastic…
Puerto Rican understandings of child disability
Simple Random Samples of Regional Populations
Part I
In attempting to account for the absence of a demographic transition in Africa, Caldwell (1977) has suggested that currently high fertility levels stem from a cultural system in which parents reap a net gain in wealth from their children, which tends to increase with family size. Continued exposure to Western culture, especially through educational institutions, will bring about a nucleation of obligations and expenditures, and a shift from the c…
Market Places, Travelling Traders, and Shops
Ethnology
Technology and Household Configuration in Urban Africa
The interrelatedness of technology and social structure has intrigued investigators for more than a century. Of particular interest has been the apparent sufficiency of different technologies for different residential and kinship structures. A distinct line of research on this issue may be traced from the early 1900's. The thread drawing together such studies is the long-suspected curvilinear relation between the complexity of the technological s…
Kinship, Friendship, and Business Failure among Market Sellers in Monrovia, Liberia, 1970
IntroductionThis paper discusses the intertwining of the obligations among close friends and kin and the firms of market sellers in Monrovia, Liberia. The literature on entrepreneurship in Africa in many respects has been a debate on the relation between kinship obligations and the relative success of entrepreneurs. Based on data gathered during the early 1950s (e.g. Bauer, 1963: 7-8; Dorjahn, 1962), a consensus of sorts was reached by the early …
Changing Household Organization in the Origins of Market Places in Liberia
Ethnology
Family, Fertility, and Economics [and Comments and Reply]
Family, fertility, and economics are inextricably intertwined. Yet despite intensive investigation, the interdependencies among these phenomena remain elusive. Expectations based on cross-cultural research and the theory of industrial society are contradicted by studies from throughout the industrial and industrializing world. Foundamental conceptual errors underlie these difficulties. This paper indicates how the interdependencies among family, …
Population, Production, and Culture in the Plains Societies of Northern Cameroon and Chad
In the context of an FAO seminar on agricultural planning and population, the author shows what the anthropologist can contribute to the analysis of this kind of problem. The case put forward is based on five years of field research in Chad and Cameroon from 1958 to 1976, among the Masa, Musey, Tuburi, and Kera. Their demography, production system, and social organization are examined. In a regional framework large enough to warrant a fresh plann…
Our Obsolete Production Mentality
Nonmaterial aspects of social practices such as symbolic exchange, modes of destruction of wealth-in short, the broad field of "antieconomic" activities-have not been fully examined by economic anthropology. This articles is sort of challenge to carry out this examination. In the first part of the study, problems related to the "utilitarian approach," taken in a broad sense, are discussed. The following section explores the concept of the communa…
Daily Markets and Urban Economic Development
Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation W. Handwerker; Daily Markets and Urban Economic Development. Human Organization 1 December 1979; 38 (4): 366–376. doi: https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.38.4.4086444704hlgh61 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Book…
Market Places, Travelling Traders, and Shops
Part I
In attempting to account for the absence of a demographic transition in Africa, Caldwell (1977) has suggested that currently high fertility levels stem from a cultural system in which parents reap a net gain in wealth from their children, which tends to increase with family size. Continued exposure to Western culture, especially through educational institutions, will bring about a nucleation of obligations and expenditures, and a shift from the c…
Productivity, Marketing Efficiency, and Price-Support Programs
W. PENN HANDWERKER s INCE 1950, as Liberian farmers have become increasingly enmeshed in a money economy selling food crops, their ability to supply the staple, rice, to growing urban populations has steadily diminished. Rice imports rose from about 2,000 metric tons in 1948, to 27,000 metric tons in 1960, to an average of about 45,000 metric tons from 1970 through 1974 (see Figure 1). The most frequently cited policy solution to such problems is…
The Limits to Structural Change
Sex and Dominance
In an explicit and simultaneous test of alternative sociobiological and sociocultural explanations for the emergence of differential sexual dominance in initially unstructured small groups, the sociobiological explanation is falsified. This paper thus suggests a strategy for rationally evaluating these emotionally charged issues, and discusses problems future studies should confront directly, [sex roles, sociology, methodology, biology and cultur…
On Methodology and Strawmen
The First Demographic Transition
Demographers tend to account for the low growth rates through most of human history by reference to high levels of fertility and mortality. In contrast, anthropologists commonly suppose that Pleistocene growth rates stemmed from low levels of fertility and mortality, and that the increased rate of growth at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition stemmed from an increase in fertility. This paper adduces evidence supporting the view that Pleistocene g…
Scope of Perspective in Fertility Models
Culture and Reproduction
The Modern Demographic Transition
This paper argues that fertility transition comes about when personal material well-being is determined less by personal relationships than by formal education and skill training. This transformation occurs when changes in opportunity structure and the labor market increasingly reward educationally acquired skills and perspectives, for these changes have the effect of sharply limiting or eliminating the expected intergenerational income flows fro…
Research in Population and Culture
Women's Power and Social Revolution
Foreword - H Russell Bernard Power and the World Revolution Sources and Social Implications of Power Mutual Exploitation of Weakness To Chart My Own Course - Social Revolution and Fertility Transition Children's Impact on Women's Income Changes in the Moral Economy of Childbearing and Parent-Child Relationships A Micro-Level Model of Barbadian Fertility Transition A Macro-Level Model of Barbadian Fertility Transition Population, Power and Develop…
The Origins and Evolution of Culture
This article outlines a deductive theory that creates a new way to think about the origins and evolution of culture. It is Darwinian in the sense that it posits that novel concepts and behavior, like novel genes, appear randomly and are subject to selection on the basis of specific criteria that are established by the properties of living things. The theory permits us to hypothesize properties of the genome that generate culture and to infer the …
Women's Power and Social Revolution
General/Theoretical Anthropology
Fieldwork and Field Surveys Under Time Constraints
Sociology (34 obras) · Geography (22 obras) · Computer Science (20 obras) · Political science (20 obras) · Demography (16 obras) · Psychology (16 obras) · Economics (15 obras) · Demography (14 obras) · Population (14 obras) · Fertility (12 obras)