Paul C Dechow
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 80500 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Paul C Dechow |
| NOMBRES | Paul C |
| APELLIDO | Dechow |
| FIRMA | DECHOW P C |
| AFILIACIONES | Baylor University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0204-4774 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 23 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 213 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 23 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1983 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2020 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Biomechanics of the mandible of Macaca mulatta during the power stroke of mastication
Mandible morphology has yet to yield definitive information on primate diet, probably because of poor understanding of mandibular loading and strain regimes, and overreliance on simple beam models of mandibular mechanics. We used a finite element model of a macaque mandible to test hypotheses about mandibular loading and strain regimes and relate variation in muscle activity during chewing on different foods to variation in strain regimes. The ba…
Masticatory properties in pre-modern Holocene populations from Northern China
the ratio in more ancient agricultural groups is similar to the ratio in populations with heavy anterior paramasticatory activities, such as Neandertals, Inuits, and Native Americans. The TMJ vulnerability negatively correlates with the maxillary dental arch size, and positively with the condylar size. These findings suggest that there are multi-directional strategies in adaptation to heavy anterior teeth loading, such as increasing anterior teet…
Divided zygoma in Holocene human populations from Northern China
OBJECTIVES: Divided zygoma (DZ) occurs in contemporaneous human populations, with the highest incidences in people from East Asia and Southern Africa. The present study examines the prevalence and variation of this condition in the Holocene populations of Northern China for the first time. METHODS: In this study, 1145 skulls from various human populations living in Northern China from the Neolithic Age to recent dynasties (5000-300 years BP) were…
Odontogenic abscesses in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) of Cayo Santiago
OBJECTIVES: Odontogenic abscesses are one of the most common dental diseases causing maxillofacial skeletal lesions. They affect the individual's ability to maintain the dental structures necessary to obtain adequate nutrition for survival and reproduction. In this study, the prevalence and pattern of odontogenic abscesses in relation to age, sex, matriline, and living periods were investigated in adult rhesus macaque skeletons of the free-rangin…
Growth of the maxillary sinus in children and adolescents
The mandibles of castrated male rhesus macaques ( M acaca mulatta )
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the long-term effects of orchidectomy and low testosterone on the craniofaciodental development and maintenance of skeletal and oral health in rhesus macaques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mandibles of four castrated and intact age-matched male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) from Cayo Santiago were compared for mandibular morphology and teeth, abnormalities, pathology, and cortical bone thickne…
Viewpoints
Recent biomechanical analyses examining the feeding adaptations of early hominins have yielded results consistent with the hypothesis that hard foods exerted a selection pressure that influenced the evolution of australopith morphology. However, this hypothesis appears inconsistent with recent reconstructions of early hominin diet based on dental microwear and stable isotopes. Thus, it is likely that either the diets of some australopiths include…
Microwear, mechanics and the feeding adaptations of Australopithecus africanus
A finite element analysis of masticatory stress hypotheses
Understanding how the skull transmits and dissipates forces during feeding provides insights into the selective pressures that may have driven the evolution of primate skull morphology. Traditionally, researchers have interpreted masticatory biomechanics in terms of simple global loading regimes applied to simple shapes (i.e., bending in sagittal and frontal planes, dorsoventral shear, and torsion of beams and cylinders). This study uses finite e…
Regional, ontogenetic, and sex‐related variations in elastic properties of cortical bone in baboon mandibles
Understanding the mechanical features of cortical bone and their changes with growth and adaptation to function plays an important role in our ability to interpret the morphology and evolution of craniofacial skeletons. We assessed the elastic properties of cortical bone of juvenile and adult baboon mandibles using ultrasonic techniques. Results showed that, overall, cortical bone from baboon mandibles could be modeled as an orthotropic elastic s…
The feeding biomechanics and dietary ecology of Australopithecus africanus
The African Plio-Pleistocene hominins known as australopiths evolved a distinctive craniofacial morphology that traditionally has been viewed as a dietary adaptation for feeding on either small, hard objects or on large volumes of food. A historically influential interpretation of this morphology hypothesizes that loads applied to the premolars during feeding had a profound influence on the evolution of australopith craniofacial form. Here, we te…
Los espacios del saber y del pensamiento en el mundo griego
This study reports the elastic material properties of cortical bone in the mandible of juvenile Alligator mississippiensis obtained by using an ultrasonic wave technique. The elastic modulus, the shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio were measured on 42 cylindrical Alligator bone specimens obtained from the lingual and facial surfaces of 4 fresh Alligator mandibles. The data suggest that the elastic properties of alligator mandibular cortical bone a…
Masticatory biomechanics and its relevance to early hominid phylogeny
Ontogeny and diachronic changes in sexual dimorphism in the craniofacial skeleton of rhesus macaques from Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico
Fusion patterns of craniofacial sutures in rhesus monkey skulls of known age and sex from Cayo Santiago
Bones of the face and cranial vault meet at sutural boundaries. These sutures are of great importance for craniofacial growth. Although the effects that the sutures have on modulating craniofacial strains have been investigated, how sutural fusion influences primate craniofacial biomechanics and adaptation are less considered. Confounding this problem is the lack of any systematic data on patterns of craniofacial sutural fusion from animals of kn…
Elastic properties of external cortical bone in the craniofacial skeleton of the rhesus monkey
Knowledge of elastic properties and of their variation in the cortical bone of the craniofacial skeleton is indispensable for creating accurate finite‐element models to explore the biomechanics and adaptation of the skull in primates. In this study, we measured elastic properties of the external cortex of the rhesus monkey craniofacial skeleton, using an ultrasonic technique. Twenty‐eight cylindrical cortical specimens were removed from each of s…
A comparison of cortical elastic properties in the craniofacial skeletons of three primate species and its relevance to the study of human evolution
Variations in cortical material properties throughout the human dentate mandible
Material properties and their variations in individual bone organs are important for understanding bone adaptation and quality at a tissue level, and are essential for accurate mechanical models. Yet material property variations have received little systematic study. Like all other material property studies in individual bone organs, studies of the human mandible are limited by a low number of both specimens and sampled regions. The aims of this …
Elastic properties and masticatory bone stress in the Macaque mandible
One important limitation of mechanical analyses with strain gages is the difficulty in directly estimating patterns of stress or loading in skeletal elements from strain measurements. Because of the inherent anisotropy in cortical bone, orientation of principal strains and stresses do not necessarily coincide, and it has been demonstrated theoretically that such differences may be as great as 45 degrees (Cowin and Hart, 1990). Likewise, relative …
Elastic properties of human supraorbital and mandibular bone
Elastic constants, including the elastic modulus, the shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio, were measured on human craniofacial bone specimens obtained from the supraorbital region and the buccal surfaces of the mandibles of unembalmed cadavers. Constants were determined using an ultrasonic wave technique in three directions relative to the surface of each sample: 1) normal, 2) tangential, and 3) longitudinal. Statistical analysis of these elastic …
Occlusal force and craniofacial biomechanics during growth in rhesus monkeys
The masticatory muscles in 132 anesthetized male and female rhesus monkeys ranging in age from juvenile to adult were unilaterally stimulated. Muscle forces and speeds were measured with a bite force transducer positioned at the incisors, premolars, and molars during twitch and tetanic contractions. Lateral cephalographs of all animals were used to estimate the orientation and mechanical advantage of the masticatory muscles. Results showed that m…
Additional fossil Theropithecus from Hopefield, South Africa
Additional fossil Theropithecus remains, recovered from mid to late Pleistocene deposits near Hopefield, South Africa, include portions of the jaws of at least five individuals. Extensive comparisons with fossil Theropithecus from other African sites, including Makapan, Swartkrans, Kanjera, Olorgesailie, and Olduvai, reveal few morphological differences, especially when variation in modern gelada baboons ( Theropithecus gelada ) and savannah babo…
Estimation of body weights from craniometric variables in baboons
Body weights of adult baboons (genera Papio , Mandrillus , and Theropithecus ) were gathered from notes of collectors and museum records. However, these data were insufficient to establish mean body weights for all baboon groups. Thus, log cube roots of mean body weights were regressed as functions of the logs of several cranial and dental variables. The resulting least squares regression coefficients were used to estimate weights for 503 adult b…
Viewpoints
Recent biomechanical analyses examining the feeding adaptations of early hominins have yielded results consistent with the hypothesis that hard foods exerted a selection pressure that influenced the evolution of australopith morphology. However, this hypothesis appears inconsistent with recent reconstructions of early hominin diet based on dental microwear and stable isotopes. Thus, it is likely that either the diets of some australopiths include…
Occlusal force and craniofacial biomechanics during growth in rhesus monkeys
The masticatory muscles in 132 anesthetized male and female rhesus monkeys ranging in age from juvenile to adult were unilaterally stimulated. Muscle forces and speeds were measured with a bite force transducer positioned at the incisors, premolars, and molars during twitch and tetanic contractions. Lateral cephalographs of all animals were used to estimate the orientation and mechanical advantage of the masticatory muscles. Results showed that m…
Variations in cortical material properties throughout the human dentate mandible
Material properties and their variations in individual bone organs are important for understanding bone adaptation and quality at a tissue level, and are essential for accurate mechanical models. Yet material property variations have received little systematic study. Like all other material property studies in individual bone organs, studies of the human mandible are limited by a low number of both specimens and sampled regions. The aims of this …
Masticatory biomechanics and its relevance to early hominid phylogeny
A comparison of cortical elastic properties in the craniofacial skeletons of three primate species and its relevance to the study of human evolution
Elastic properties of human supraorbital and mandibular bone
Elastic constants, including the elastic modulus, the shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio, were measured on human craniofacial bone specimens obtained from the supraorbital region and the buccal surfaces of the mandibles of unembalmed cadavers. Constants were determined using an ultrasonic wave technique in three directions relative to the surface of each sample: 1) normal, 2) tangential, and 3) longitudinal. Statistical analysis of these elastic …
Ontogeny and diachronic changes in sexual dimorphism in the craniofacial skeleton of rhesus macaques from Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico
Additional fossil Theropithecus from Hopefield, South Africa
Additional fossil Theropithecus remains, recovered from mid to late Pleistocene deposits near Hopefield, South Africa, include portions of the jaws of at least five individuals. Extensive comparisons with fossil Theropithecus from other African sites, including Makapan, Swartkrans, Kanjera, Olorgesailie, and Olduvai, reveal few morphological differences, especially when variation in modern gelada baboons ( Theropithecus gelada ) and savannah babo…
Microwear, mechanics and the feeding adaptations of Australopithecus africanus
Fusion patterns of craniofacial sutures in rhesus monkey skulls of known age and sex from Cayo Santiago
Bones of the face and cranial vault meet at sutural boundaries. These sutures are of great importance for craniofacial growth. Although the effects that the sutures have on modulating craniofacial strains have been investigated, how sutural fusion influences primate craniofacial biomechanics and adaptation are less considered. Confounding this problem is the lack of any systematic data on patterns of craniofacial sutural fusion from animals of kn…
A finite element analysis of masticatory stress hypotheses
Understanding how the skull transmits and dissipates forces during feeding provides insights into the selective pressures that may have driven the evolution of primate skull morphology. Traditionally, researchers have interpreted masticatory biomechanics in terms of simple global loading regimes applied to simple shapes (i.e., bending in sagittal and frontal planes, dorsoventral shear, and torsion of beams and cylinders). This study uses finite e…
Estimation of body weights from craniometric variables in baboons
Body weights of adult baboons (genera Papio , Mandrillus , and Theropithecus ) were gathered from notes of collectors and museum records. However, these data were insufficient to establish mean body weights for all baboon groups. Thus, log cube roots of mean body weights were regressed as functions of the logs of several cranial and dental variables. The resulting least squares regression coefficients were used to estimate weights for 503 adult b…
Regional, ontogenetic, and sex‐related variations in elastic properties of cortical bone in baboon mandibles
Understanding the mechanical features of cortical bone and their changes with growth and adaptation to function plays an important role in our ability to interpret the morphology and evolution of craniofacial skeletons. We assessed the elastic properties of cortical bone of juvenile and adult baboon mandibles using ultrasonic techniques. Results showed that, overall, cortical bone from baboon mandibles could be modeled as an orthotropic elastic s…
Elastic properties of external cortical bone in the craniofacial skeleton of the rhesus monkey
Knowledge of elastic properties and of their variation in the cortical bone of the craniofacial skeleton is indispensable for creating accurate finite‐element models to explore the biomechanics and adaptation of the skull in primates. In this study, we measured elastic properties of the external cortex of the rhesus monkey craniofacial skeleton, using an ultrasonic technique. Twenty‐eight cylindrical cortical specimens were removed from each of s…
Biomechanics of the mandible of Macaca mulatta during the power stroke of mastication
Mandible morphology has yet to yield definitive information on primate diet, probably because of poor understanding of mandibular loading and strain regimes, and overreliance on simple beam models of mandibular mechanics. We used a finite element model of a macaque mandible to test hypotheses about mandibular loading and strain regimes and relate variation in muscle activity during chewing on different foods to variation in strain regimes. The ba…
The mandibles of castrated male rhesus macaques ( M acaca mulatta )
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the long-term effects of orchidectomy and low testosterone on the craniofaciodental development and maintenance of skeletal and oral health in rhesus macaques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mandibles of four castrated and intact age-matched male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) from Cayo Santiago were compared for mandibular morphology and teeth, abnormalities, pathology, and cortical bone thickne…
Los espacios del saber y del pensamiento en el mundo griego
This study reports the elastic material properties of cortical bone in the mandible of juvenile Alligator mississippiensis obtained by using an ultrasonic wave technique. The elastic modulus, the shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio were measured on 42 cylindrical Alligator bone specimens obtained from the lingual and facial surfaces of 4 fresh Alligator mandibles. The data suggest that the elastic properties of alligator mandibular cortical bone a…
Estimation of body weights from craniometric variables in baboons
Body weights of adult baboons (genera Papio , Mandrillus , and Theropithecus ) were gathered from notes of collectors and museum records. However, these data were insufficient to establish mean body weights for all baboon groups. Thus, log cube roots of mean body weights were regressed as functions of the logs of several cranial and dental variables. The resulting least squares regression coefficients were used to estimate weights for 503 adult b…
Additional fossil Theropithecus from Hopefield, South Africa
Additional fossil Theropithecus remains, recovered from mid to late Pleistocene deposits near Hopefield, South Africa, include portions of the jaws of at least five individuals. Extensive comparisons with fossil Theropithecus from other African sites, including Makapan, Swartkrans, Kanjera, Olorgesailie, and Olduvai, reveal few morphological differences, especially when variation in modern gelada baboons ( Theropithecus gelada ) and savannah babo…
Occlusal force and craniofacial biomechanics during growth in rhesus monkeys
The masticatory muscles in 132 anesthetized male and female rhesus monkeys ranging in age from juvenile to adult were unilaterally stimulated. Muscle forces and speeds were measured with a bite force transducer positioned at the incisors, premolars, and molars during twitch and tetanic contractions. Lateral cephalographs of all animals were used to estimate the orientation and mechanical advantage of the masticatory muscles. Results showed that m…
Elastic properties of human supraorbital and mandibular bone
Elastic constants, including the elastic modulus, the shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio, were measured on human craniofacial bone specimens obtained from the supraorbital region and the buccal surfaces of the mandibles of unembalmed cadavers. Constants were determined using an ultrasonic wave technique in three directions relative to the surface of each sample: 1) normal, 2) tangential, and 3) longitudinal. Statistical analysis of these elastic …
Elastic properties and masticatory bone stress in the Macaque mandible
One important limitation of mechanical analyses with strain gages is the difficulty in directly estimating patterns of stress or loading in skeletal elements from strain measurements. Because of the inherent anisotropy in cortical bone, orientation of principal strains and stresses do not necessarily coincide, and it has been demonstrated theoretically that such differences may be as great as 45 degrees (Cowin and Hart, 1990). Likewise, relative …
Variations in cortical material properties throughout the human dentate mandible
Material properties and their variations in individual bone organs are important for understanding bone adaptation and quality at a tissue level, and are essential for accurate mechanical models. Yet material property variations have received little systematic study. Like all other material property studies in individual bone organs, studies of the human mandible are limited by a low number of both specimens and sampled regions. The aims of this …
Fusion patterns of craniofacial sutures in rhesus monkey skulls of known age and sex from Cayo Santiago
Bones of the face and cranial vault meet at sutural boundaries. These sutures are of great importance for craniofacial growth. Although the effects that the sutures have on modulating craniofacial strains have been investigated, how sutural fusion influences primate craniofacial biomechanics and adaptation are less considered. Confounding this problem is the lack of any systematic data on patterns of craniofacial sutural fusion from animals of kn…
Elastic properties of external cortical bone in the craniofacial skeleton of the rhesus monkey
Knowledge of elastic properties and of their variation in the cortical bone of the craniofacial skeleton is indispensable for creating accurate finite‐element models to explore the biomechanics and adaptation of the skull in primates. In this study, we measured elastic properties of the external cortex of the rhesus monkey craniofacial skeleton, using an ultrasonic technique. Twenty‐eight cylindrical cortical specimens were removed from each of s…
A comparison of cortical elastic properties in the craniofacial skeletons of three primate species and its relevance to the study of human evolution
Masticatory biomechanics and its relevance to early hominid phylogeny
Ontogeny and diachronic changes in sexual dimorphism in the craniofacial skeleton of rhesus macaques from Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico
Los espacios del saber y del pensamiento en el mundo griego
This study reports the elastic material properties of cortical bone in the mandible of juvenile Alligator mississippiensis obtained by using an ultrasonic wave technique. The elastic modulus, the shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio were measured on 42 cylindrical Alligator bone specimens obtained from the lingual and facial surfaces of 4 fresh Alligator mandibles. The data suggest that the elastic properties of alligator mandibular cortical bone a…
The feeding biomechanics and dietary ecology of Australopithecus africanus
The African Plio-Pleistocene hominins known as australopiths evolved a distinctive craniofacial morphology that traditionally has been viewed as a dietary adaptation for feeding on either small, hard objects or on large volumes of food. A historically influential interpretation of this morphology hypothesizes that loads applied to the premolars during feeding had a profound influence on the evolution of australopith craniofacial form. Here, we te…
Regional, ontogenetic, and sex‐related variations in elastic properties of cortical bone in baboon mandibles
Understanding the mechanical features of cortical bone and their changes with growth and adaptation to function plays an important role in our ability to interpret the morphology and evolution of craniofacial skeletons. We assessed the elastic properties of cortical bone of juvenile and adult baboon mandibles using ultrasonic techniques. Results showed that, overall, cortical bone from baboon mandibles could be modeled as an orthotropic elastic s…
A finite element analysis of masticatory stress hypotheses
Understanding how the skull transmits and dissipates forces during feeding provides insights into the selective pressures that may have driven the evolution of primate skull morphology. Traditionally, researchers have interpreted masticatory biomechanics in terms of simple global loading regimes applied to simple shapes (i.e., bending in sagittal and frontal planes, dorsoventral shear, and torsion of beams and cylinders). This study uses finite e…
Microwear, mechanics and the feeding adaptations of Australopithecus africanus
Viewpoints
Recent biomechanical analyses examining the feeding adaptations of early hominins have yielded results consistent with the hypothesis that hard foods exerted a selection pressure that influenced the evolution of australopith morphology. However, this hypothesis appears inconsistent with recent reconstructions of early hominin diet based on dental microwear and stable isotopes. Thus, it is likely that either the diets of some australopiths include…
The mandibles of castrated male rhesus macaques ( M acaca mulatta )
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the long-term effects of orchidectomy and low testosterone on the craniofaciodental development and maintenance of skeletal and oral health in rhesus macaques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mandibles of four castrated and intact age-matched male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) from Cayo Santiago were compared for mandibular morphology and teeth, abnormalities, pathology, and cortical bone thickne…
Growth of the maxillary sinus in children and adolescents
Odontogenic abscesses in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) of Cayo Santiago
OBJECTIVES: Odontogenic abscesses are one of the most common dental diseases causing maxillofacial skeletal lesions. They affect the individual's ability to maintain the dental structures necessary to obtain adequate nutrition for survival and reproduction. In this study, the prevalence and pattern of odontogenic abscesses in relation to age, sex, matriline, and living periods were investigated in adult rhesus macaque skeletons of the free-rangin…
Masticatory properties in pre-modern Holocene populations from Northern China
the ratio in more ancient agricultural groups is similar to the ratio in populations with heavy anterior paramasticatory activities, such as Neandertals, Inuits, and Native Americans. The TMJ vulnerability negatively correlates with the maxillary dental arch size, and positively with the condylar size. These findings suggest that there are multi-directional strategies in adaptation to heavy anterior teeth loading, such as increasing anterior teet…
Divided zygoma in Holocene human populations from Northern China
OBJECTIVES: Divided zygoma (DZ) occurs in contemporaneous human populations, with the highest incidences in people from East Asia and Southern Africa. The present study examines the prevalence and variation of this condition in the Holocene populations of Northern China for the first time. METHODS: In this study, 1145 skulls from various human populations living in Northern China from the Neolithic Age to recent dynasties (5000-300 years BP) were…
Biomechanics of the mandible of Macaca mulatta during the power stroke of mastication
Mandible morphology has yet to yield definitive information on primate diet, probably because of poor understanding of mandibular loading and strain regimes, and overreliance on simple beam models of mandibular mechanics. We used a finite element model of a macaque mandible to test hypotheses about mandibular loading and strain regimes and relate variation in muscle activity during chewing on different foods to variation in strain regimes. The ba…
Biology (19 obras) · Anatomy (15 obras) · Anatomy (13 obras) · Medicine (12 obras) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (12 obras) · Craniofacial (9 obras) · Ecology (8 obras) · Ecology (7 obras) · Orthodontics (7 obras) · Evolutionary biology (6 obras)