John B Nezlek
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 81405 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | John B Nezlek |
| NOMBRES | John B |
| APELLIDO | Nezlek |
| FIRMA | NEZLEK J B |
| AFILIACIONES | William & Mary |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4963-3637 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 98 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 454 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 98 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1975 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 13 |
Enhancing the Focus of the Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale—Introducing the Sibs-R2
The Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale-Revised (SIBS-R) is a popular measure of spirituality. Nevertheless, some items on the SIBS-R measure constructs other than spirituality (e.g., well-being), which undermines the validity of the SIBS-R as a measure of spirituality. In light of this, a new version of the SIBS-R, the SIBS-R2, was created. The SIBS-R2 consists of eight items from the SIBS-R that are not confounded with other constructs such…
Overestimating the Prevalence of Vegans, Vegetarians and Reducetarians Reflects Basic Psychological Biases in Estimating Proportions
In two studies, people estimated the percent of vegans, vegetarians, those following a reduced meat diet and omnivores for specific populations. In a study of Polish adults ( n = 1038), participants provided estimates of the diets of Poles and of residents of the US. In a US student sample ( n = 2538), participants provided estimates of the diets of their fellow students and of the US population. With a few exceptions, participants overestimated …
Relationships Between Identification With All Humanity and Universalism and Benevolence
In three studies conducted in the United States (n = 598), Poland (n = 1000) and Chile (n = 311), we measured participants' Identification With All Humanity and their endorsement of Universalist and Benevolent values as defined by Schwartz and colleagues. In all three studies, when IWAH scores were regressed onto values scores, IWAH scores were significantly (positively) related to the endorsement of Universalism values and were not significantly…
Faith and Health in Poland, the USA and During Covid-19
Roman Catholic Religious Affiliation and Reactions to the Initial Stage of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Poland
The present study examined responses to COVID-19 at the beginning of the pandemic, April 2020, among a representative sample of 880 Poles. Participants described their religious beliefs, their emotional reactions to the pandemic, the changes they had made in their behavior since the onset of the pandemic, and their political orientation (left-right). Roman Catholics felt more threatened by the pandemic than non-believers, and Catholics reacted mo…
Poland, Public Health, Chaplains, Clergy, Mindfulness and Prayer
An (Un)Holy Trinity
We examined differences in reactions to climate change as a function of belief in God. We studied four samples, convenience samples of university students in the USA ( n = 627) and in Poland ( n = 628), a nationally representative sample of adults in Poland ( n = 1154), and a nationally representative sample of adults in the USA ( n = 1098). In each study we measured the distress people felt about climate change, belief in God, and left–right pol…
Recent Increases in Vegetarianism may be Limited to Women
The present study examined changes in the rates of vegetarianism among a sample of young American adults. Over 15 years, students at an American university ( N = 12,704) described their dietary habits. Multilevel modeling analyses (participants nested within semesters) found that overall, the percentage of vegetarians increased over time, whereas the percentage of omnivores decreased over time; however, these changes occurred only for women. The …
Daily aggression domains differentially relate to daily affect and self‐esteem
How do daily fluctuations in aggression relate to daily variability in affect and self‐esteem? Although research has examined how trait aggression relates to affect and self‐esteem, state aggression has received little attention. To this end, we had 120 US undergraduates participate in a 14‐day daily diary study where they responded to state‐level measures of aggression, affect, and self‐esteem. Crucially, we used multifaceted state measures of b…
Differences among vegans, non-vegan vegetarians, pescatarians, and omnivores in perceived social disapproval and approval as a function of diet and source of treatment
1322), we found that differences in perceptions of negative treatment by strangers among vegans, vegetarians, and pescatarians were larger than differences in perceptions of treatment by friends and family members
You are what you eat
People's diets can serve as a basis for social identity, and the papers in this special issue examine the social psychological implications of vegetarianism as a social identity. The papers run the gamut from examining how vegetarians are viewed by the omnivorous majority to examining interventions designed to reduce meat consumption. In this paper I provide background information to provide a context for understanding the articles. This informat…
Prosociality and Personality
The included studies examined the relationship between climate change mitigation behavior (CCB) and personality. In Study 1, 1089 US collegians completed a measure of the Big Five and indicated how often they engaged in five CCBs. Engaging in each CCB was regressed on the Big Five. These analyses found openness was positively related to all five CCBs, neuroticism was positively related to four of five CCBs, and extraversion was positively related…
A time for moral actions
Understanding what factors are linked to public health behavior in a global pandemic is critical to mobilizing an effective public health response. Although public policy and health messages are often framed through the lens of individual benefit, many of the behavioral strategies needed to combat a pandemic require individual sacrifices to benefit the collective welfare. Therefore, we examined the relationship between individuals’ morality and t…
The dynamics of prayer in daily life and implications for well-being
350) completed questionnaires once a day for 2 weeks (4,437 daily reports) regarding the events they experienced each day, their emotions, well-being, and the prominence of the four types of prayer constituting the ACTS (adoration, confession, thanksgiving, and supplication) taxonomy. Thanksgiving and adoration were more prominent in prayers on days when positive events were reported and well-being was high (relative to individuals' own average r…
National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic
Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during …
The Influence of Daily Events on Emotion Regulation and Well-Being in Daily Life
We examined within-person relationships among daily events, emotion regulation strategies, and well-being in daily life. Each day for 2 to 3 weeks, participants in two studies (total N = 445) reported the extent to which they reappraised and suppressed their positive and negative emotions, the types of events they experienced, and their well-being. Using multilevel modeling, we found that the extent to which people reappraised positive and negati…
Relationships Among Belief in God, Well-Being, and Social Capital in the 2020 European and World Values Surveys
Analyses of the 2020 combined European and World Values Surveys (124,958 respondents from 77 countries) found that people who believed in God tended to be happier, more satisfied with lives, and healthier than non-believers. Believers trusted people close to them (e.g., neighbors) more than non-believers, although non-believers tended to trust people in general and trust people from other countries more than believers. Non-believers tended to be …
Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to Covid-19 pandemic using machine learning
At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions. In this study, we applied machine learning on the multi-national data collected by the International Collaboration on the Social…
Emotion regulation in everyday life
Recent theory conceptualizes emotion regulation as occurring across three stages: (a) identifying the need to regulate, (b) selecting a strategy, and (c) implementing that strategy to modify emotions. Yet, measurement of emotion regulation has not kept pace with these theoretical advances. In particular, widely used global self-report questionnaires are often assumed to index people's typical strategy selection tendencies. However, it is unclear …
Dietary similarity of friends and lovers
In a series of studies conducted in the USA and Poland, we found that vegetarianism can serve as a basis for the formation of personal relationships. Consistent with research on the similarity-attraction effect, we found that vegetarians were more likely than omnivores to have friends and lovers who were vegetarians. In study 1, vegetarians reported that their diets were a more important part of their identities than omnivores did. In studies 2, …
Relationships Between Religiosity and Naturally Occurring Social Interaction
For 2 weeks, participants (282 US collegians) used a diary technique to describe the social interactions they had each day. These descriptions included how enjoyable the interaction was, how confident they felt, and how intimate the interaction was. They also completed a measure of Allport’s Intrinsic–Extrinsic religious orientation, the Christian Orthodoxy scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. A series of multilevel modeling analyses found t…
Individualism, Collectivism, and Well-being Among a Sample of Emerging Adults in the United States
An increasing body of research suggests that emerging adults living in Western societies are becoming more individualistic and such increases in individualism are associated with reduced well-being. The present study examined relationships between well-being and individualism and collectivism among 1906 emerging adults in the US, aged 18–25. We measured individualism and collectivism distinguishing horizontal and vertical dimensions of these cons…
Manifestations of clinical depression in daily life
138) described the events that happened to them each day for two weeks, and these descriptions were content analysed. Participants also rated how stressful and how positive each event was. Multilevel analyses found that depressed individuals, compared to the non-depressed, used more negative emotion words and more pronouns and used fewer positive emotion words, and they rated events as more stressful and less positive. Stressfulness of events was…
Relationships between everyday use of humor and daily experience
Each day for two weeks participants described how often they had used four types of humor that day: affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating humor. Each day, participants also described the events that occurred in their lives (positive and negative crossed with social and achievement), and they provided measures of their well-being. Multilevel analyses (days nested within persons) found that the daily use of affiliative and sel…
Self‐presentational motives and public self‐consciousness
OBJECTIVE: This study examines the self-presentational motives underlying people's selection of their daily dress and relationships between these motives and public self-consciousness. METHOD: Participants in this study, 61 working adults, described their motives for choosing what they wore each day for 2 weeks. They also provided trait-level measures of self-consciousness, social anxiety, and self-monitoring. RESULTS: Multilevel modeling analyse…
Implicit and Explicit Ethnocentrism
Two studies investigated relationships among individual differences in implicit and explicit prejudice, right-wing ideology, and rigidity in thinking. The first study examined these relationships focusing on White Americans' prejudice toward Black Americans. The second study provided the first test of implicit ethnocentrism and its relationship to explicit ethnocentrism by studying the relationship between attitudes toward five social groups. Fac…
Loneliness, social interaction, and sex roles
Forty-three male and 53 female college seniors maintained the Rochester Interaction Record for 2 weeks, providing information about every social interaction of 10 minutes or more. Subjects then completed the revised UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) Loneliness Scale and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire, measuring sex-role orientation. For both sexes, loneliness was negatively related to the amount of time spent with females and to…
Sex differences in social participation
Twenty female and 38 male first-year college students maintained a daily record of their social interactions for 2 weeks early in the fall semester and for 2 weeks late in the spring semester. Over all interactions, females decreased time per day in interaction more than males did, primarily by reducing the length of interactions, and reported decreased satisfaction with these interactions. In interactions with three best same-sex friends, female…
The brief aggression questionnaire
A key problem facing aggression research is how to measure individual differences in aggression accurately and efficiently without sacrificing reliability or validity. Researchers are increasingly demanding brief measures of aggression for use in applied settings, field studies, pretest screening, longitudinal, and daily diary studies. The authors selected the three highest loading items from each of the Aggression Questionnaire's (Buss & Perry, …
Self-presentation in everyday interactions
A practical guide to understanding reliability in studies of within-person variability
Using Multilevel Random Coefficient Modeling to Analyze Social Interaction Diary Data
This article provides a rationale for using multilevel random coefficient modeling (MRCM) to analyze social interaction diary data, and describes how to conduct such analyses. This description includes how to examine relationships between individual differences in social interaction and other trait-level individual differences such as personality scales. Analyzing relationships among different ratings of interactions and analyzing differences amo…
Clarifying the role of social comparison in the big-fish–little-pond effect (BFLPE)
It has been speculated that the big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE; the negative impact of highly selective academic settings on academic self-concept) is a consequence of invidious social comparisons experienced in higher ability schools. However, the direct role of such comparisons for the BFLPE has not heretofore been documented. The present study comprises the first evidence that the BFLPE (a) is eliminated after controlling for students' inv…
Physical attractiveness in social interaction
Depression and everyday social interaction
Change and consistency in social participation during early adulthood
This article reports a longitudinal study of the social interaction patterns of college students and adults. Adults (N = 113) from 26 to 31 years old who had participated in similar studies in college kept detailed records of social activity for 2 weeks. Three hypotheses were supported. First, from college to adulthood, opposite-sex socializing grew, whereas same-sex, mixed-sex, and group interactions decreased. Second, intimacy increased in adul…
Characteristics of the rewarder and intrinsic motivation of the rewardee
Physical attractiveness in social interaction
This study was undertaken to determine precisely how physical attractiveness affects people’s social participation in everyday life. The following results were obtained: (a) For males, physical attractiveness related positively to the quantity of social interaction with females and negatively to that with males; for females, attractiveness did not relate to the quantity of socializing, (b) Attractiveness related positively to the affective qualit…
A burden for the boys
Use of humor as a coping mechanism, psychological adjustment, and social interaction
Ethnocultural identification and naturally occurring interethnic social interactions
This study examined relationships between ethnic identification and ethnic minority members' interactions with majority group members. Members of Muslim minority groups, ethnic Turks and Moroccans in the Netherlands and Chechens in Poland, described the social interactions they had for two weeks using a variant of the Rochester Interaction Record (RIR). They also completed measures of ethnocultural identification that distinguished involvement wi…
Attachment styles in everyday social interaction
For seven days, participants described the important interactions they had using a variant of the Rochester Interaction Record and reported their attachment style using Bartholomew's four‐category system. A series of multilevel random coefficient analyses found that across all interactions securely attached participants, compared to those who were insecurely attached, found their interactions to be more intimate and more positive emotionally. Sec…
The stability of social interaction
In a study of the stability of social interaction, participants maintained a social interaction diary, the Rochester Interaction Record (RIR), for 41-week periods during their freshman year at college. Stability was operationalized in 3 ways: absolutely, in terms of the similarity across the 4 periods of amount of interaction and of reactions to interactions: relatively, in terms of correlations between interaction measures taken at different tim…
Explaining the relationship between religiousness and substance use
Religiousness is reliably associated with lower substance use, but little research has examined whether self-control helps explain why religiousness predicts lower substance use. Building on prior theoretical work, our studies suggest that self-control mediates the relationship between religiousness and a variety of substance-use behaviors. Study 1 showed that daily prayer predicted lower alcohol use on subsequent days. In Study 2, religiousness …
Relationship interdependence and satisfaction with important outcomes in coach-athlete dyads
The study investigated the association between coach-athlete relationship interdependence and satisfaction level as a function of competition level, relationship length, and gender composition. A series of multilevel modelling analyses found that the associations between relationship interdependence and sport-related satisfaction were weaker for lower-level competitors than they were for higher-level competitors, as well as for short-term relatio…
Level and instability of day-to-day psychological well-being and risk for depression
For 21 days, 123 undergraduates provided measures of their self-esteem, anxiety, causal uncertainty, perceived control over outcomes, and the three constructs comprising A. T. Beck's (1972) cognitive triad. Factor analyses of measures of the mean level and day-to-day instability of these constructs produced 2 factors, level of well-being and day-to-day instability of well-being. Participants also provided 4 measures of risk for depression over 2 …
Relationships between daily sexual interactions and domain-specific and general models of personality traits
Although sexuality is an important component of personal relationships, there has been relatively little research on relationships between personality and everyday sexual behavior. Moreover, existing research on sexual behavior and personality (defined in terms of the Five-Factor Model, FFM) has found weak and inconsistent relationships. We hypothesized that sexual behavior can be better understood in terms of a model of personality that focuses …
Day-to-Day Variability in Empathy as a Function of Daily Events and Mood
Sexual Healing
The co-occurrence of emotions in daily life
Hostility as a function of the opportunity to counteraggress 1
Half of the subjects, college students, were insulted by the experimenter while half were not. Within each of these conditions, half of the subjects were led to believe they would have an opportunity to administer electric shock to the experimenter, while the other half were not. A measure of hostility toward the experimenter was taken before there was any actual opportunity to shock him. As predicted from reactance theory, it was found that the …
Sex differences in social participation
Twenty female and 38 male first-year college students maintained a daily record of their social interactions for 2 weeks early in the fall semester and for 2 weeks late in the spring semester. Over all interactions, females decreased time per day in interaction more than males did, primarily by reducing the length of interactions, and reported decreased satisfaction with these interactions. In interactions with three best same-sex friends, female…
Physical attractiveness in social interaction
Characteristics of the rewarder and intrinsic motivation of the rewardee
Physical attractiveness in social interaction
This study was undertaken to determine precisely how physical attractiveness affects people’s social participation in everyday life. The following results were obtained: (a) For males, physical attractiveness related positively to the quantity of social interaction with females and negatively to that with males; for females, attractiveness did not relate to the quantity of socializing, (b) Attractiveness related positively to the affective qualit…
Loneliness, social interaction, and sex roles
Forty-three male and 53 female college seniors maintained the Rochester Interaction Record for 2 weeks, providing information about every social interaction of 10 minutes or more. Subjects then completed the revised UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) Loneliness Scale and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire, measuring sex-role orientation. For both sexes, loneliness was negatively related to the amount of time spent with females and to…
On specificity in the impact of social participation on physical and psychological health
Although it has been suggested that social participation is likely to be beneficial for health and well-being, there is little research demonstrating specifically which aspects of socializing may be responsible. This study distinguishes specific components of social interaction and health and examines differential relationships among them. Three distinct categories of social participation variables were posited: quality, quantity, and social trai…
The stability of social interaction
In a study of the stability of social interaction, participants maintained a social interaction diary, the Rochester Interaction Record (RIR), for 41-week periods during their freshman year at college. Stability was operationalized in 3 ways: absolutely, in terms of the similarity across the 4 periods of amount of interaction and of reactions to interactions: relatively, in terms of correlations between interaction measures taken at different tim…
Change and consistency in social participation during early adulthood
This article reports a longitudinal study of the social interaction patterns of college students and adults. Adults (N = 113) from 26 to 31 years old who had participated in similar studies in college kept detailed records of social activity for 2 weeks. Three hypotheses were supported. First, from college to adulthood, opposite-sex socializing grew, whereas same-sex, mixed-sex, and group interactions decreased. Second, intimacy increased in adul…
Perceptions of risk in intimacy and social participation
The present study examined the relations between individuals' social lives and the risks they perceived in being intimate with others. Participants maintained a variant of the Rochester Interaction Record (Wheeler & Nezlek, 1977) and completed the Risk in Intimacy Inventory (Pilkington & Richardson, 1988). The results indicated that, compared to people who perceived less risk, people who perceived more risk in intimacy had less rewarding social l…
Self-presentation in everyday interactions
Depression and everyday social interaction
Personality Moderators of Reactions to Interpersonal Rejection
Two experiments were conducted to examine the moderating effects of depression and trait self-esteem on reactions to social exclusion. Participants received information indicating that they had been included in or excluded from a laboratory group and that their inclusion or exclusion was based either on the other group members' preferences or on a random procedure. Participants who scored high in depression (Experiment 1) and low in self-esteem (…
Level and instability of day-to-day psychological well-being and risk for depression
For 21 days, 123 undergraduates provided measures of their self-esteem, anxiety, causal uncertainty, perceived control over outcomes, and the three constructs comprising A. T. Beck's (1972) cognitive triad. Factor analyses of measures of the mean level and day-to-day instability of these constructs produced 2 factors, level of well-being and day-to-day instability of well-being. Participants also provided 4 measures of risk for depression over 2 …
Body Image and Day‐to‐Day Social Interaction
Participants maintained a social interaction diary and completed a measure of body image. Body image was found to have three factors, body attractiveness, social attractiveness (how attractive people believed others found them to be), and general attractiveness. For both men and women, self‐perceptions of body attractiveness and of social attractiveness were positively related to the intimacy they found in interaction. Self‐perceptions of social …
Multilevel Random Coefficient Analyses of Event- and Interval-Contingent Data in Social and Personality Psychology Research
Increasingly, social and personality psychologists are conducting studies in which data are collected simultaneously at multiple levels, with hypotheses concerning effects that involve multiple levels of analysis. In studies of naturally occurring social interaction, data describing people and their social interactions are collected simultaneously. This article discuses how to analyze such data using random coefficient modeling. Analyzing data de…
Day-to-Day Relationships among Self-Concept Clarity, Self-Esteem, Daily Events, and Mood
Twice a week for up to 10 weeks, 103 participants provided measures of their daily self-concept clarity (SCC), mood (negative affect [NA] and positive affect [PA]), and self-esteem (SE), and they described the events that occurred each day. Multilevel random coefficient modeling analyses found that daily SCC covaried with daily positive and negative events, with daily NA, and with daily SE. None of these relationships was moderated by trait level…
Use of humor as a coping mechanism, psychological adjustment, and social interaction
Day-to-Day Variability in Empathy as a Function of Daily Events and Mood
Day‐to‐day Relationships Between Self‐awareness, Daily Events, and Anxiety
Every day for 3 weeks, 41 participants provided measures of their state private and public self‐consciousness (self‐awareness, SA), and anxiety, and they described the events that occurred each day. Multilevel random coefficient modeling analyses found that daily private and public SA were positively related to the importance and frequency of daily negative social events and to daily anxiety. Public SA was also positively related to the importanc…
Psychological well‐being and day‐to‐day social interaction among older adults
A sample of 113 healthy older adults used a variant of the Rochester Interaction Record to describe the social interactions they had each day for two weeks. They also completed various measures of psychological well‐being including life satisfaction and loneliness. A series of multilevel random coefficient analyses found that life satisfaction scores were positively related to how enjoyable interactions were, how self‐assured people felt when int…
Attachment styles in everyday social interaction
For seven days, participants described the important interactions they had using a variant of the Rochester Interaction Record and reported their attachment style using Bartholomew's four‐category system. A series of multilevel random coefficient analyses found that across all interactions securely attached participants, compared to those who were insecurely attached, found their interactions to be more intimate and more positive emotionally. Sec…
Using Multilevel Random Coefficient Modeling to Analyze Social Interaction Diary Data
This article provides a rationale for using multilevel random coefficient modeling (MRCM) to analyze social interaction diary data, and describes how to conduct such analyses. This description includes how to examine relationships between individual differences in social interaction and other trait-level individual differences such as personality scales. Analyzing relationships among different ratings of interactions and analyzing differences amo…
Emotional Intelligence and Social Interaction
Two studies found positive relationships between the ability to manage emotions and the quality of social interactions, supporting the predictive and incremental validity of an ability measure of emotional intelligence, the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). In a sample of 118 American college students (Study 1), higher scores on the managing emotions subscale of the MSCEIT were positively related to the quality of interac…
Implicit and Explicit Ethnocentrism
Two studies investigated relationships among individual differences in implicit and explicit prejudice, right-wing ideology, and rigidity in thinking. The first study examined these relationships focusing on White Americans' prejudice toward Black Americans. The second study provided the first test of implicit ethnocentrism and its relationship to explicit ethnocentrism by studying the relationship between attitudes toward five social groups. Fac…
Psychology (90 obras) · Social Psychology (72 obras) · Developmental psychology (55 obras) · Social Psychology (34 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (30 obras) · Clinical Psychology (23 obras) · Personality (21 obras) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (19 obras) · Cultural Differences and Values (19 obras) · Multilevel model (19 obras)