Roger Finke
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 81614 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Roger Finke |
| NOMBRES | Roger |
| APELLIDO | Finke |
| FIRMA | FINKE R |
| AFILIACIONES | Pennsylvania State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6158-4869 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 66 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 1371 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 64 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1986 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 17 |
Religion Between Governance and Freedoms
An Invitation to the Sociology of Religion
Annual Review of the Sociology of Religion. Volume 12 (2021)
Introduction: Religious freedom : social-scientific approaches / Olga Breskaya, Roger Finke, and Giuseppe Tiordan -- How does secularity "travel"? : toward a policy mobilities approach in the study of religious freedom / Efe Peker -- Religious freedom, legal activism and Muslim personal law in contemporary India : a sociological exploration of secularism / Anindita Chakrabarti -- Religious freedom and secularism in post-revolutionary Tunisia / An…
The Causes of Societal Discrimination against Religious Minorities in Christian-Majority Countries
Using the Religion and State-Minorities and WVS datasets, this study examined the impact of religiosity in Christian-majority countries on societal religious discrimination (i.e., discrimination by non-state actors) against religious minorities. We found that increased levels of religious activity and commitment in a country lead to less discrimination against Muslim and Jewish religious minorities but more discrimination against Christian minori…
Ensuring Individual Rights through Institutional Freedoms
Understanding the restrictions placed on religious institutions and associations, or the freedoms that they are denied, is essential for understanding the limits placed on individual religious freedoms and human rights more generally. This study uses the Religion and State round 3 (RAS3) dataset to track restrictions faced by religious organizations and individuals between 1990 and 2014 and explores how reduced institutional freedoms results in f…
Reconciling state promises and practices
Research on religious freedom has found a vast chasm between constitutional promises and state practices, with constitutional promises being a poor predictor of the state's support of religious freedom. This research changes the focus from religious freedom to religious equality. We propose that constitutional promises of religious equality will be associated with less discrimination against minority religions and we explore the relationships gov…
Faithful Measures
A venture into the art and science of measuring religion in everyday life In an era of rapid technological advances, the measures and methods used to generate data about religion have undergone remarkably little change. Faithful Measures pushes the study of religion into the 21st century by evaluating new and existing measures of religion and introducing new methods for tapping into religious behaviors and beliefs. This book offers a global and i…
Evaluating Survey Measures Using the Arda’s Measurement Wizard
"This chapter introduces a new resource for exploring and evaluating the survey items used in previous surveys, the Measurement Wizard, which allows for quick comparisons of survey items measuring the same concept. This resource offers a customized metadata archive that gives immediate access to thousands of questions from hundreds of surveys and provides an online tool for finding, comparing, and evaluating survey items. The majority of the chap…
Acts of Faith
Finally, social scientists have begun to attempt to understand religious behavior rather than to discredit it as irrational, ignorant, or foolish—and Rodney Stark and Roger Finke have played a major role in this new approach. Acknowledging that science cannot assess the supernatural side of religion (and therefore should not claim to do so), Stark and Finke analyze the observable, human side of faith. In clear and engaging prose, the authors comb…
Examining the causes of government-based discrimination against religious minorities in western democracies
Compliance gaps and the failed promises of religious freedoms
Previous research has established the striking disconnect between states’ constitutional promises of religious freedoms and their actual practices for supporting such freedoms. Yet, past research has not fully explained, measured, or tested the extent of why the disconnect occurs for protections of religious freedom. Using the Religion and State Collection (Round 3) and other country level data, we construct two measures for the discrepancy betwe…
Merging the Religious Congregations and Membership Studies
The decennial religious congregations and membership studies are a popular data source for analyzing local religious composition and diversity, but several methodological challenges hinder merging the datasets for longitudinal analyses. In this paper, we introduce strategies for addressing four of the most serious challenges: religious mergers and schisms, changes in membership standards within certain groups, missing data and changes in county b…
Explaining Discrimination against Religious Minorities
Research has documented that religious minorities often face the brunt of religious discrimination. Yet formal tests, using global collections, have been lacking. Building on the religious economy theory and recent work in law and politics, we propose that minority religions face discrimination from the state because they represent unwanted competition for the state supported religion, are viewed as a threat to the state and larger culture, and l…
Assessing the Impact of Religious Registration
Religious groups often rely on a registration process to receive the legal status needed to operate openly. Yet, the registration process has become a recent source of controversy. This research uses case studies, trend data from three global collections, and fixed effects models using 19 waves of data to test for the consequences of introducing registration requirements within a nation. The case studies help us to understand the controversies an…
When contact counts
Ensuring Liberties
Promises of religious freedoms have become the standard in national constitutions. Yet, despite these assurances, religious freedoms are routinely denied. Combining new data collections with expanded theoretical explanations, this research explores how dimensions of governance and measures of the religious economy contribute to government restrictions on religion. Consistent with recent work on the judicialization of politics, we find that the ab…
Toward Assessing and Improving Survey Questions on Religion
Developing survey measures of religion is deceptively difficult. As religion in America becomes more diverse and research projects become more global, finding a shared vocabulary that taps into concepts of interest and selecting response categories that capture the full range of choices becomes ever more challenging. This research project introduces new tools and techniques for exploring and evaluating past survey measures of religion, including …
Religious Diversity and Devotion
What Does God Require? Understanding Religious Context and Morality
Supply-side Changes in American Religion
The Price of Freedom Denied
The Price of Freedom Denied shows that, contrary to popular opinion, ensuring religious freedom for all reduces violent religious persecution and conflict. Others have suggested that restrictions on religion are necessary to maintain order or preserve a peaceful religious homogeneity. Brian J. Grim and Roger Finke show that restricting religious freedoms is associated with higher levels of violent persecution. Relying on a new source of coded dat…
The Association of Religion Data Archives (Arda)
The Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA) currently archives over 500 local, national, and international data files, and offers a wide range of research tools to build surveys, preview data online, develop customized maps and reports of United States church membership, and examine religion differences across nations and regions of the world. The ARDA also supports reference and teaching tools that draw on the rich data archive. This resear…
Cross-National Moral Beliefs
International surveys have documented wide variation in religious beliefs and practices across nations, but does this variation in the national religious context make a difference? Building on existing theory we explain why religion should have both micro and macro-level effects on morality not sanctioned by the state and why the effects of religion differ from other forms of culture. Using two international surveys and Hierarchical Linear Modeli…
Maximizing congregational resources
Religious Persecution in Cross-National Context
Despite the high visibility of religiously charged international social conflicts, the unique role of religion often is overlooked in social science research and theory. Some studies ignore religion, others conflate religion with other identities. Virtually all lack adequate data. We respond to these deficiencies by testing a theory-driven model of a particular form of social conflict, religious persecution. We investigate the proposition that re…
Acts of Faith
Finally, social scientists have begun to attempt to understand religious behavior rather than to discredit it as irrational, ignorant, or foolish—and Rodney Stark and Roger Finke have played a major role in this new approach. Acknowledging that science cannot assess the supernatural side of religion (and therefore should not claim to do so), Stark and Finke analyze the observable, human side of faith. In clear and engaging prose, the authors comb…
Religious Economies and Sacred Canopies
For generations, sociologists have believed that cities are less hospitable to religion than are rural areas and that where many faiths compete for followers, the credibility of each is reduced. In this essay we attempt to explain why these received truths are, in fact, nostalgic myths. We try to demonstrate that religious participation is and ought to be higher in cities and that competition among religious bodies increases levels of religious m…
Cross-National Moral Beliefs
International surveys have documented wide variation in religious beliefs and practices across nations, but does this variation in the national religious context make a difference? Building on existing theory we explain why religion should have both micro and macro-level effects on morality not sanctioned by the state and why the effects of religion differ from other forms of culture. Using two international surveys and Hierarchical Linear Modeli…
Religious Persecution in Cross-National Context
Despite the high visibility of religiously charged international social conflicts, the unique role of religion often is overlooked in social science research and theory. Some studies ignore religion, others conflate religion with other identities. Virtually all lack adequate data. We respond to these deficiencies by testing a theory-driven model of a particular form of social conflict, religious persecution. We investigate the proposition that re…
Supply-Side Explanations for Religious Change
Traditional scholarship approaches religious history from the demand side, attributing developments to the shifting desires, perceptions, and circumstances of religious consumers. This article advocates an alternative, supply-side approach that emphasizes the opportunities and restrictions confronting religious organizations and their leaders. Supply shifts lie at the root of major religious changes in America. Colonial revivalists, Asian cult le…
Mobilizing Local Religious Markets
Recent theoretical developments propose that when the state deregulates religion pluralism and competition will emerge and overall levels of religious participation will be high. In this essay we return to nineteenth century America when a religious free market was first emerging to examine how pluralism generated higher levels of church attendance. We use data from the state census of 1865 to explore the religious situation in 942 towns and citi…
Religious Choice and Competition
Accounting for the Uncounted
Ensuring Liberties
Promises of religious freedoms have become the standard in national constitutions. Yet, despite these assurances, religious freedoms are routinely denied. Combining new data collections with expanded theoretical explanations, this research explores how dimensions of governance and measures of the religious economy contribute to government restrictions on religion. Consistent with recent work on the judicialization of politics, we find that the ab…
Explaining Discrimination against Religious Minorities
Research has documented that religious minorities often face the brunt of religious discrimination. Yet formal tests, using global collections, have been lacking. Building on the religious economy theory and recent work in law and politics, we propose that minority religions face discrimination from the state because they represent unwanted competition for the state supported religion, are viewed as a threat to the state and larger culture, and l…
Maximizing congregational resources
Innovative Returns to Tradition
This article argues that religious groups sustain organizational vitality by preserving core teachings and promoting adaptive innovations. The core teachings guard the sacred beliefs and practices held as timeless, and the innovations adapt these teachings to new cultures and contexts-with the most successful innovations building on the core. Using organizational theory and previous research, I explain how core teachings sustain vitality and I un…
Toward explaining congregational giving
Evaluating the Evidence
The Effects of Professional Training
Debates over seminary education have been at the heart of some of the most heated denominational battles and schisms, often focusing on doctrines being taught at the seminaries. This research moves beyond the debates over specific teachings and explains how seminaries cultivate distinctive social capital (e.g., resources secured through social networks) and religious capital (e.g., mastery of and attachment to a specific religious culture). Using…
How the Upstart Sects Won America
Using our reconstructed denominational statistics for 1776 and 1850, we demonstrate that the so-called Protestant mainline began to collapse rapidly, not in the past several decades as is widely supposed, but late in the 18th Century. Hence, by 1850 the Baptists and Methodists vigorous, evangelical sects in that era dominated the religious landscape. Treating the Congregationalists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Baptists and Methodists as firms c…
Assessing the Impact of Religious Registration
Religious groups often rely on a registration process to receive the legal status needed to operate openly. Yet, the registration process has become a recent source of controversy. This research uses case studies, trend data from three global collections, and fixed effects models using 19 waves of data to test for the consequences of introducing registration requirements within a nation. The case studies help us to understand the controversies an…
Organizational Revival From Within
The most enduring theoretical model for explaining the rise and fall of religious movements has been some form of the church-sect theory. Yet this model offers little explanation for the continued vitality of the Roman Catholic Church. We argue that a key to this institutional success is the Church 's ability to retain sect-like revival movements within its boundaries. We demonstrate that religious orders, like Protestant sects, stimulate organiz…
Catholic Religious Vocations
Pluralism and Piety
A partir de 13 enquetes empiriques qui affirment que le pluralisme religieux a pour consequence de plus grandes frequences de participation religieuse, les AA. s'interesse a la situation religieuse en Angleterre et dans le pays de Galles d'apres le recensement de 1851. Celui-ci indique des resultats contraires. Les donnees de cette enquete sont soumises a une analyse statistique et historique. Les resultats ne viennent pas corroborer la these de …
Examining the causes of government-based discrimination against religious minorities in western democracies
The Quiet Transformation
Demographics of Religious Participation
In an attempt to explain who is joining which church and why, research on religious participation has often focused on the individual. In this essay I use an ecological approach to look at the social context of religious adherence in 1850, 1890, 1926 and 1980. I argue that both mobility and composition of an area's population influences the church's ability to attract and retain members. Through use of census data, I demonstrate that migration, n…
The New Holy Clubs
The familiar sect-to-church theory holds that successful sects will gradually become more church-like over time, reducing the level of tension they hold with their environment. H. Richard Niebuhr (1929), the originator of sect-to-church theory, took it for granted that transformation was possible only in the church-like direction — that churches could not reverse the process and become more sectlike. Recent theoretical developments, however, sugg…
Turning Pews into People
data on religious affiliation. In this essay we use census data on churches to reconstruct detailed membership estimates for 1850, 1860, and 1870 by means of weighted least squares equations. We then assess the validity of our membership estimates by comparing them to surviving statistics for several denominations and by demonstrating the sensitivity of our rates to historical nuances. The results are reassuring. This means that scholars now will…
Turning Pews into People
data on religious affiliation. In this essay we use census data on churches to reconstruct detailed membership estimates for 1850, 1860, and 1870 by means of weighted least squares equations. We then assess the validity of our membership estimates by comparing them to surviving statistics for several denominations and by demonstrating the sensitivity of our rates to historical nuances. The results are reassuring. This means that scholars now will…
Broken Churches, Broken Nation
Religious Economies and Sacred Canopies
For generations, sociologists have believed that cities are less hospitable to religion than are rural areas and that where many faiths compete for followers, the credibility of each is reduced. In this essay we attempt to explain why these received truths are, in fact, nostalgic myths. We try to demonstrate that religious participation is and ought to be higher in cities and that competition among religious bodies increases levels of religious m…
American Religion in 1776
While historians of American religion are aware that the original colonies did not exude universal piety, they have provided few statistics on colonial religion. Without these statistics it is difficult to describe colonial religion with precision, much less attempt to describe or explain changes since colonial times. In the following paper we provide a relatively detailed statistical portrait of American religion at the beginning of the Revoluti…
Falling From the Faith
Evaluating the Evidence
Religious Diversity and Social Change
Demographics of Religious Participation
In an attempt to explain who is joining which church and why, research on religious participation has often focused on the individual. In this essay I use an ecological approach to look at the social context of religious adherence in 1850, 1890, 1926 and 1980. I argue that both mobility and composition of an area's population influences the church's ability to attract and retain members. Through use of census data, I demonstrate that migration, n…
How the Upstart Sects Won America
Using our reconstructed denominational statistics for 1776 and 1850, we demonstrate that the so-called Protestant mainline began to collapse rapidly, not in the past several decades as is widely supposed, but late in the 18th Century. Hence, by 1850 the Baptists and Methodists vigorous, evangelical sects in that era dominated the religious landscape. Treating the Congregationalists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Baptists and Methodists as firms c…
Religion
Supply-Side Explanations for Religious Change
Traditional scholarship approaches religious history from the demand side, attributing developments to the shifting desires, perceptions, and circumstances of religious consumers. This article advocates an alternative, supply-side approach that emphasizes the opportunities and restrictions confronting religious organizations and their leaders. Supply shifts lie at the root of major religious changes in America. Colonial revivalists, Asian cult le…
The Churching of America, 1776-1990
Journal Article The Churching of America, 1776–1990: Winners and Losers in Our Religious Economy, by Roger Finke and Rodney Stark. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1992, xiv + 328 pp. $22.95 Get access Phillip E. Hammond Phillip E. Hammond University of California at Santa Barbara Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sociology of Religion, Volume 54, Issue 3, Fall 1993, Pages 318–319, https://doi.or…
The Churching of America 1776-1990
Religion and Personal Autonomy
The Churching of America, 1776-1990
In this provocative book, Roger Finke and Rodney Stark challenge popular perceptions about American religion. They view the religious environment as a free market economy, where churches compete for souls. The story they tell is one of gains for upstart sects and losses for mainline denominations. Although many Americans assume that religious participation has declined in America, Finke and Stark present a different picture. In 1776, fewer than 1…
The Churching of America, 1776-1990
Journal Article The Churching of America, 1776–1990: Winners and Losers in Our Religious Economy. By Roger Finke and Rodney Stark. (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1992. xvi, 328 pp. $22.95, ISBN 0-8135-1837-7.) Get access Joel A. Carpenter Joel A. Carpenter Pew Charitable Trusts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 80, Issue 4, March 1994…
The Quiet Transformation
The Churching of America, 1776-1990
Pluralism and Piety
A partir de 13 enquetes empiriques qui affirment que le pluralisme religieux a pour consequence de plus grandes frequences de participation religieuse, les AA. s'interesse a la situation religieuse en Angleterre et dans le pays de Galles d'apres le recensement de 1851. Celui-ci indique des resultats contraires. Les donnees de cette enquete sont soumises a une analyse statistique et historique. Les resultats ne viennent pas corroborer la these de …
Mobilizing Local Religious Markets
Recent theoretical developments propose that when the state deregulates religion pluralism and competition will emerge and overall levels of religious participation will be high. In this essay we return to nineteenth century America when a religious free market was first emerging to examine how pluralism generated higher levels of church attendance. We use data from the state census of 1865 to explore the religious situation in 942 towns and citi…
Deregulating Religion
Traditional religious research fails to recognize religion as a market phenomenon. It especially overlooks supply‐side factors that shape the incentives and opportunities of religious firms, emphasizing instead demand‐side shifts in the perceptions, tastes, and needs of consumers. This paper reviews the effects of government actions that alter religious supply. Our examples demonstrate that simple deregulation lies at the root of major religious …
An Orderly Return to Tradition
Roger Finke, An Orderly Return to Tradition: Explaining the Recruitment of Members into Catholic Religious Orders, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 36, No. 2 (Jun., 1997), pp. 218-230
Religious Choice and Competition
A Time for Every Purpose
Catholic Religious Vocations
Sociology (50 obras) · Religion and Society Interactions (47 obras) · Political science (42 obras) · Religion, Society, and Development (35 obras) · American Constitutional Law and Politics (31 obras) · Law (27 obras) · Philosophy (20 obras) · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology (18 obras) · Economics (17 obras) · Psychology (15 obras)