Thomas R Gillespie
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 81968 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Thomas R Gillespie |
| NOMBRES | Thomas R |
| APELLIDO | Gillespie |
| FIRMA | GILLESPIE T R |
| AFILIACIONES | Emory University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7901-7248 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 43 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 185 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 43 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1993 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Gastrointestinal Parasites in Black-Horned Capuchins (Sapajus nigritus cucullatus) and Domestic Animals at the Human–Wildlife Interface in the Atlantic Forest of Misiones, Argentina
Bridging the Gap
Primates live in complex social systems, and social contact and disease interact to shape the evolution of animal (including human) sociality. Researchers use social network analysis (SNA), a method of mapping and measuring contact patterns within a network of individuals, to understand the role that social interactions play in disease transmission. Here, we review lessons learned from SNA of humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) and explore how th…
The Gombe Ecosystem Health Project
Infectious disease outbreaks pose a significant threat to the conservation of chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) and all threatened nonhuman primates. Characterizing and mitigating these threats to support the sustainability and welfare of wild populations is of the highest priority. In an attempt to understand and mitigate the risk of disease for the chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania, we initiated a long‐term health‐monitoring program in…
Integrating Health Systems and Science to Respond to Covid-19 in a Model District of Rural Madagascar
There are many outstanding questions about how to control the global COVID-19 pandemic. The information void has been especially stark in the World Health Organization Africa Region, which has low per capita reported cases, low testing rates, low access to therapeutic drugs, and has the longest wait for vaccines. As with all disease, the central challenge in responding to COVID-19 is that it requires integrating complex health systems that incorp…
The relationship between pinworm ( Trypanoxyuris ) infection and gut bacteria in wild black howler monkeys ( Alouatta pigra )
Gut bacteria may coexist with other groups of organisms, such as nematode parasites, that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of primates; however, the possible effects of endoparasites on bacterial communities are frequently overlooked. Here we explored whether infection with Trypanoxyuris , an oxyurid gastrointestinal parasite, is associated with changes in the gut bacterial community of wild black howler monkeys ( Alouatta pigra ), by comparing…
An Ethnographic Approach to Characterizing Potential Pathways of Zoonotic Disease Transmission from Wild Meat in Guyana
Syndromic Surveillance of Respiratory Disease in Free-Living Chimpanzees
Socioecological correlates of clinical signs in two communities of wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) at Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Disease and other health hazards pose serious threats to the persistence of wild ape populations. The total chimpanzee population at Gombe National Park, Tanzania, has declined from an estimated 120 to 150 individuals in the 1960's to around 100 individuals by the end of 2013, with death associated with observable signs of disease as the leading cause of mortality. In 2004, we began a non-invasive health-monitoring program in the two habituated c…
The grand challenge of great ape health and conservation in the anthropocene
"Ecosystem Health recognizes the inherent interdependence of the health of humans, animals and ecosystems and explores the perspectives, theories and methodologies emerging at the interface between ecological and health sciences." This broad focus requires new approaches and methods for solving problems of greater complexity at larger scales than ever before. Nowhere is this point more salient than the case of disease emergence and control at the…
Oesophagostomiasis in non‐human primates of Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Oesophagostomum sp. is a parasitic nematode that frequently infects wild chimpanzees. Although nodular lesions are commonly associated with infection, some wild chimpanzee populations seem to tolerate Oesophagostomum nodular lesions while those at Gombe and other sites suffer from associated morbidity and mortality. From August 2004 to December 2013, we examined demographic (i.e., age, sex) and individual correlates (i.e., fecal consistency, Oeso…
Obituary
Impending extinction crisis of the world’s primates
Impending extinction of the world’s primates due to human activities; immediate global attention is needed to reverse the trend.
Human–Wildlife Interactions Predict Febrile Illness in Park Landscapes of Western Uganda
The relative effects of reproductive condition, stress, and seasonality on patterns of parasitism in wild female black howler monkeys ( Alouatta pigra )
Parasitic infections in wildlife are shaped by host-related traits including individual reproductive condition. It has been argued that female primates are more susceptible to infectious diseases during pregnancy due to short-term changes in immune function that result in reduced ability to combat infections. Likewise, lactation, which is the most energetically expensive state, may affect immunity and infection risk due to tradeoffs between milk …
Impact of Anthropogenic Disturbance on Native and Invasive Trypanosomes of Rodents in Forested Uganda
Noninvasive Tuberculosis Screening in Free-Living Primate Populations in Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Pathogenic enterobacteria in lemurs associated with anthropogenic disturbance
As human population density continues to increase exponentially, speeding the reduction and fragmentation of primate habitat, greater human-primate contact is inevitable, making higher rates of pathogen transmission likely. Anthropogenic effects are particularly evident in Madagascar, where a diversity of endemic lemur species are threatened by rapid habitat loss. Despite these risks, knowledge of how anthropogenic activities affect lemur exposur…
Diversity and Prevalence of Diarrhea-Associated Viruses in the Lemur Community and Associated Human Population of Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar
Field immobilization for treatment of an unknown illness in a wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Studying Displacement After a Disaster Using Large-Scale Survey Methods
Understanding of human vulnerability to environmental change has advanced in recent years, but measuring vulnerability and interpreting mobility across many sites differentially affected by change remains a significant challenge. Drawing on longitudinal data collected on the same respondents who were living in coastal areas of Indonesia before the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and were re-interviewed after the tsunami, this paper illustrates how the …
Effects of social status and stress on patterns of gastrointestinal parasitism in wild white‐handed gibbons ( Hylobates lar )
Although gibbons (family Hylobatidae) are typically monogamous, polyandrous groups occur regularly. Stress associated with elevated intragroup competition among males in polyandrous groups may increase susceptibility to infectious disease. To better understand this interplay, as well as to provide the first comprehensive assessment of parasitism in free‐ranging gibbons, we characterized the richness of gastrointestinal parasites and examined thei…
Drug‐Resistant Human S taphylococcus Aureus in Sanctuary Apes Pose a Threat to Endangered Wild Ape Populations
Reintroduction of sanctuary apes to natural habitat is considered an important tool for conservation; however, reintroduction has the potential to endanger resident wild apes through the introduction of human pathogens. We found a high prevalence of drug‐resistant, human‐associated lineages of S taphylococcus aureus in sanctuary chimpanzees ( P an troglodytes ) from Zambia and Uganda. This pathogen is associated with skin and soft tissue diseases…
Urban tree planting programs, function or fashion? Los Angeles and urban tree planting campaigns
Patterns of gastro‐intestinal parasites and commensals as an index of population and ecosystem health
The exponential decline of great apes over the past 50 years has resulted in an urgent need for data to inform population viability assessment and conservation strategies. Health monitoring of remaining ape populations is an important component of this process. In support of this effort, we examined endoparasitic and commensal prevalence and richness as proxies of population health for western chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus ) and sympatric g…
Black and gold howler monkeys ( Alouatta caraya ) as sentinels of ecosystem health
Exponential expansion of human populations and human activities within primate habitats has resulted in high potential for pathogen exchange creating challenges for biodiversity conservation and global health. Under such conditions, resilient habitat generalists such as black and gold howler monkeys ( Alouatta caraya ) may act as effective sentinels to overall ecosystem health and alert us to impending epidemics in the human population. To better…
Mortality, The Family and the Indian Ocean Tsunami
Over 130,000 people died in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The correlates of survival are examined using data from the Study of the Tsunami Aftermath and Recovery (STAR), a population-representative survey collected in Aceh and North Sumatra, Indonesia, before and after the tsunami. Children, older adults and females were the least likely to survive. Whereas socio-economic factors mattered relatively little, the evidence is consistent with physic…
Scale issues in the study of primate foraging
Diet data have been used to address a number of theoretical issues. We often calculate the proportion of time spent eating different foods (e.g., fruits, leaves) to place species into dietary categories and contrast morphological or behavioral traits among categories. Yet we have little understanding of how flexible species can be in terms of the plant parts and species consumed. To address this issue, we analyzed data on the diets of red colobus…
Urban tree planting programs, function or fashion? Los Angeles and urban tree planting campaigns
Do food availability, parasitism, and stress have synergistic effects on red colobus populations living in forest fragments
Identifying factors that influence animal density is a fundamental goal in ecology that has taken on new importance with the need to develop informed management plans. This is particularly the case for primates as the tropical forest that supports many species is being rapidly converted. We use a system of forest fragments adjacent to Kibale National Park, Uganda, to examine if food availability and parasite infections have synergistic affects on…
Noninvasive Assessment of Gastrointestinal Parasite Infections in Free-Ranging Primates
Mental Health in Sumatra After the Tsunami
Objectives. We assessed the levels and correlates of posttraumatic stress reactivity (PTSR) of more than 20000 adult tsunami survivors by analyzing survey data from coastal Aceh and North Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods. A population-representative sample of individuals interviewed before the tsunami was traced in 2005 to 2006. We constructed 2 scales measuring PTSR by using 7 symptom items from the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist–Civ…
Studying Displacement After a Disaster Using Large-Scale Survey Methods
Understanding of human vulnerability to environmental change has advanced in recent years, but measuring vulnerability and interpreting mobility across many sites differentially affected by change remains a significant challenge. Drawing on longitudinal data collected on the same respondents who were living in coastal areas of Indonesia before the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and were re-interviewed after the tsunami, this paper illustrates how the …
Integrative approaches to the study of primate infectious disease
The close phylogenetic relationship between humans and nonhuman primates, coupled with the exponential expansion of human populations and human activities within primate habitats, has resulted in exceptionally high potential for pathogen exchange. Emerging infectious diseases are a consequence of this process that has the capacity to threaten global health and drive primate population declines. Integration of standardized empirical data collectio…
Population Declines of Colobus in Western Uganda and Conservation Value of Forest Fragments
Demographic and ecological effects on patterns of parasitism in eastern chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) in Gombe National Park, Tanzania
From January 2006 to January 2008, we collected 1,045 fecal samples from 90 individually‐recognized, free‐ranging, eastern chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) inhabiting Gombe National Park, Tanzania to determine how patterns of parasitism are affected by demographic and ecological covariates. Seventeen parasite species were recovered, including eight nematodes ( Oesophagostomum sp., Necator sp., Probstmayria gombensis , Strongyloides …
Effects of social status and stress on patterns of gastrointestinal parasitism in wild white‐handed gibbons ( Hylobates lar )
Although gibbons (family Hylobatidae) are typically monogamous, polyandrous groups occur regularly. Stress associated with elevated intragroup competition among males in polyandrous groups may increase susceptibility to infectious disease. To better understand this interplay, as well as to provide the first comprehensive assessment of parasitism in free‐ranging gibbons, we characterized the richness of gastrointestinal parasites and examined thei…
Diversity and Prevalence of Diarrhea-Associated Viruses in the Lemur Community and Associated Human Population of Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar
Unwanted Responsibility Humanitarian Military Intervention to Advance Human Rights
The ethnic strife that persists in Somalia, the Balkans, Iraq, and elsewhere, highlights the need for a revised doctrine of international humanitarian intervention. The new precept would replace the present ad hoc approach with one more fully articulated, to include employment of military force in those situations that cannot be resolved by less drastic sanctions, and the recognition by the international community of a responsibility to use it. I…
Unwanted Responsibility Humanitarian Military Intervention to Advance Human Rights
The ethnic strife that persists in Somalia, the Balkans, Iraq, and elsewhere, highlights the need for a revised doctrine of international humanitarian intervention. The new precept would replace the present ad hoc approach with one more fully articulated, to include employment of military force in those situations that cannot be resolved by less drastic sanctions, and the recognition by the international community of a responsibility to use it. I…
Long‐Term Effects of Logging on African Primate Communities
If logging is to be compatible with primate conservation, primate populations must be expected to recover from the disturbance and eventually return to their former densities. Surveys conducted over 28 years were used to quantify the long‐term effects of both low‐ and high‐intensity selective logging on the density of the five common primates in Kibale National Park, Uganda. The most dramatic exception to the expectation that primate populations …
Determinants of group size in the red colobus monkey ( Procolobus badius )
Scale issues in the study of primate foraging
Diet data have been used to address a number of theoretical issues. We often calculate the proportion of time spent eating different foods (e.g., fruits, leaves) to place species into dietary categories and contrast morphological or behavioral traits among categories. Yet we have little understanding of how flexible species can be in terms of the plant parts and species consumed. To address this issue, we analyzed data on the diets of red colobus…
Parasite prevalence and richness in sympatric colobines
Factors that influence proximity and the number and duration of contacts among individuals can influence parasite transmission among hosts, and thus parasite prevalence and species richness are expected to increase with increasing host density. To examine this prediction we took advantage of a unique situation. Following the clearing of a forest fragment that supported red colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) and black-and-white colobus (Colobus g…
Primates and the Ecology of their Infectious Diseases
The sudden appearance of diseases like SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome1), the devastating impacts of diseases like Ebola on both human and wildlife communities,2, 3 and the immense social and economic costs created by viruses like HIV4 underscore our need to understand the ecology of infectious diseases. Given that monkeys and apes often share parasites with humans, understanding the ecology of infectious diseases in nonhuman primates is …
Killing of a pearl-spotted owlet (Glaucidium perlatum) by male red colobus monkeys (Procolobus tephrosceles) in a forest fragment near Kibale National Park, Uganda
Adult male red colobus (Procolobus tephrosceles) were observed capturing and killing an owl (Glaucidium perlatum) in the Rurama forest fragment near Kibale National Park in western Uganda. The owl was not subsequently eaten by the colobus, their conspecifics, or the other primates present during the attack. Because the incident was preceded by an agonistic encounter with a raptor, the event is best interpreted as a misdirected antipredator behavi…
Life on the edge
Humans are responsible for massive changes to primate habitats, and one unanticipated consequence of these alterations may be changes in host–parasite interactions. Edges are a ubiquitous aspect of human disturbance to forest landscapes. Here we examine how changes associated with the creation of edges in Kibale National Park, Uganda, alter the parasite community that is supported by two species of African colobines: the endangered red colobus ( …
Noninvasive Assessment of Gastrointestinal Parasite Infections in Free-Ranging Primates
Do food availability, parasitism, and stress have synergistic effects on red colobus populations living in forest fragments
Identifying factors that influence animal density is a fundamental goal in ecology that has taken on new importance with the need to develop informed management plans. This is particularly the case for primates as the tropical forest that supports many species is being rapidly converted. We use a system of forest fragments adjacent to Kibale National Park, Uganda, to examine if food availability and parasite infections have synergistic affects on…
Population Declines of Colobus in Western Uganda and Conservation Value of Forest Fragments
Forest fragmentation, the decline of an endangered primate, and changes in host–parasite interactions relative to an unfragmented forest
Forest fragmentation may alter host–parasite interactions in ways that contribute to host population declines. We tested this prediction by examining parasite infections and the abundance of infective helminths in 20 forest fragments and in unfragmented forest in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Over 4 years, the endangered red colobus ( Procolobus rufomitratus ) declined by 20% in fragments, whereas the black‐and‐white colobus ( Colobus guereza ) i…
Mental Health in Sumatra After the Tsunami
Objectives. We assessed the levels and correlates of posttraumatic stress reactivity (PTSR) of more than 20000 adult tsunami survivors by analyzing survey data from coastal Aceh and North Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods. A population-representative sample of individuals interviewed before the tsunami was traced in 2005 to 2006. We constructed 2 scales measuring PTSR by using 7 symptom items from the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist–Civ…
Integrative approaches to the study of primate infectious disease
The close phylogenetic relationship between humans and nonhuman primates, coupled with the exponential expansion of human populations and human activities within primate habitats, has resulted in exceptionally high potential for pathogen exchange. Emerging infectious diseases are a consequence of this process that has the capacity to threaten global health and drive primate population declines. Integration of standardized empirical data collectio…
A Legacy of Low-Impact Logging does not Elevate Prevalence of Potentially Pathogenic Protozoa in Free-Ranging Gorillas and Chimpanzees in the Republic of Congo
Many studies have examined the long-term effects of selective logging on the abundance and diversity of free-ranging primates. Logging is known to reduce the abundance of some primate species through associated hunting and the loss of food trees for frugivores; however, the potential role of pathogens in such primate population declines is largely unexplored. Selective logging results in a suite of alterations in host ecology and forest structure…
Demographic and ecological effects on patterns of parasitism in eastern chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) in Gombe National Park, Tanzania
From January 2006 to January 2008, we collected 1,045 fecal samples from 90 individually‐recognized, free‐ranging, eastern chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) inhabiting Gombe National Park, Tanzania to determine how patterns of parasitism are affected by demographic and ecological covariates. Seventeen parasite species were recovered, including eight nematodes ( Oesophagostomum sp., Necator sp., Probstmayria gombensis , Strongyloides …
Beyond competition and predation
Patterns of gastro‐intestinal parasites and commensals as an index of population and ecosystem health
The exponential decline of great apes over the past 50 years has resulted in an urgent need for data to inform population viability assessment and conservation strategies. Health monitoring of remaining ape populations is an important component of this process. In support of this effort, we examined endoparasitic and commensal prevalence and richness as proxies of population health for western chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus ) and sympatric g…
Black and gold howler monkeys ( Alouatta caraya ) as sentinels of ecosystem health
Exponential expansion of human populations and human activities within primate habitats has resulted in high potential for pathogen exchange creating challenges for biodiversity conservation and global health. Under such conditions, resilient habitat generalists such as black and gold howler monkeys ( Alouatta caraya ) may act as effective sentinels to overall ecosystem health and alert us to impending epidemics in the human population. To better…
Mortality, The Family and the Indian Ocean Tsunami
Over 130,000 people died in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The correlates of survival are examined using data from the Study of the Tsunami Aftermath and Recovery (STAR), a population-representative survey collected in Aceh and North Sumatra, Indonesia, before and after the tsunami. Children, older adults and females were the least likely to survive. Whereas socio-economic factors mattered relatively little, the evidence is consistent with physic…
Drug‐Resistant Human S taphylococcus Aureus in Sanctuary Apes Pose a Threat to Endangered Wild Ape Populations
Reintroduction of sanctuary apes to natural habitat is considered an important tool for conservation; however, reintroduction has the potential to endanger resident wild apes through the introduction of human pathogens. We found a high prevalence of drug‐resistant, human‐associated lineages of S taphylococcus aureus in sanctuary chimpanzees ( P an troglodytes ) from Zambia and Uganda. This pathogen is associated with skin and soft tissue diseases…
Urban tree planting programs, function or fashion? Los Angeles and urban tree planting campaigns
Effects of social status and stress on patterns of gastrointestinal parasitism in wild white‐handed gibbons ( Hylobates lar )
Although gibbons (family Hylobatidae) are typically monogamous, polyandrous groups occur regularly. Stress associated with elevated intragroup competition among males in polyandrous groups may increase susceptibility to infectious disease. To better understand this interplay, as well as to provide the first comprehensive assessment of parasitism in free‐ranging gibbons, we characterized the richness of gastrointestinal parasites and examined thei…
Field immobilization for treatment of an unknown illness in a wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Studying Displacement After a Disaster Using Large-Scale Survey Methods
Understanding of human vulnerability to environmental change has advanced in recent years, but measuring vulnerability and interpreting mobility across many sites differentially affected by change remains a significant challenge. Drawing on longitudinal data collected on the same respondents who were living in coastal areas of Indonesia before the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and were re-interviewed after the tsunami, this paper illustrates how the …
Biology (35 obras) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (29 obras) · Ecology (27 obras) · Zoology (20 obras) · Population (19 obras) · Geography (18 obras) · Medicine (18 obras) · Zoonotic diseases and public health (14 obras) · Animal ecology (13 obras) · Primate (13 obras)