Fred L Bookstein
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 83107 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Fred L Bookstein |
| NOMBRES | Fred L |
| APELLIDO | Bookstein |
| FIRMA | BOOKSTEIN F L |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Michigan |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2716-8471 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 45 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 540 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 45 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1982 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2019 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Variation of 3D outer and inner crown morphology in modern human mandibular premolars
Objectives This study explores the outer and inner crown of lower third and fourth premolars (P 3 , P 4 ) by analyzing the morphological variation among diverse modern human groups. Materials and Methods We studied three‐dimensional models of the outer enamel surface and the enamel–dentine junction (EDJ) from μCT datasets of 77 recent humans using both an assessment of seven nonmetric traits and a standard geometric morphometric (GM) analysis. Fo…
Rethinking Human Evolution
A method of factor analysis for shape coordinates
Currently the most common reporting style for a geometric morphometric (GMM) analysis of anthropological data begins with the principal components of the shape coordinates to which the original landmark data have been converted. But this focus often frustrates the organismal biologist, mainly because principal component analysis (PCA) is not aimed at scientific interpretability of the loading patterns actually uncovered. The difficulty of making …
The Qesem Cave hominin material (part 2)
Variability of Australopithecus second maxillary molars from Sterkfontein Member 4
“Cars have their own faces”
Technical note
Procrustes‐based geometric morphometrics (GM) is most often applied to problems of craniofacial shape variation. Here, we demonstrate a novel application of GM to the analysis of whole postcranial elements in a study of 77 hominoid tibiae. We focus on two novel methodological improvements to standard GM approaches: 1) landmark configurations of tibiae including 15 epiphyseal landmarks and 483 semilandmarks along articular surfaces and muscle inse…
Socioeconomic Status, Marital Status and Childlessness in Men and Women
This study compares the effects of two distinct forms of human capital – income and education – on marital status and childlessness separately by sex in six different countries. Nearly 10 million individual records on individuals aged 16 to 50 were used from censuses from Brazil, Mexico, Panama, South Africa, USA and Venezuela dating from 2000 or later, to analyse the relationship between education, income and marital status and childlessness in …
Views into the future
Back to the real world
Virtual Anthropology
Missing data
Looking inside
Using numbers
Collaborate at the speed of light
Mapping the physical world
Linear Discrimination, Ordination, and the Visualization of Selection Gradients in Modern Morphometrics
Comparison of dental measurement systems for taxonomic assignment of first molars
Morphometrics of the molar crown is based traditionally on diameter measurements but is nowadays more often based on 2D image analysis of crown outlines. An alternative approach involves measurements at the level of the cervical line. We compare the information content of the two options in a three‐dimensional (3D) digital sample of lower and upper first molars (M 1 and M 1 ) of modern human and Neanderthal teeth. The cervical outline for each to…
Sexual dimorphism of the human mandible and its association with dental development
The present study investigates whether the human mandible is sexually dimorphic during early postnatal development and whether early dimorphic features persist during subsequent ontogeny. We also examine whether mandibular dimorphism is linked to dimorphism of dental development. Dense CT‐derived mandibular meshes of 84 females and 75 males, ranging from birth to adulthood, were analyzed using geometric morphometric methods. On the basis of the s…
Virtual Anthropology
A new OH5 reconstruction with an assessment of its uncertainty
Socioeconomic status, education, and reproduction in modern women
Although associations between status or resources and reproduction are positive in premodern societies and also in men in modern societies, in modern women the associations are typically negative. We investigated how the association between socioeconomic status and reproductive output varies with the source of status and resources, the woman's education, and her age at reproductive onset (proxied by age at marriage). By using a large sample of US…
Early modern human diversity suggests subdivided population structure and a complex out-of-Africa scenario
The interpretation of genetic evidence regarding modern human origins depends, among other things, on assessments of the structure and the variation of ancient populations. Because we lack genetic data from the time when the first anatomically modern humans appeared, between 200,000 and 60,000 years ago, instead we exploit the phenotype of neurocranial geometry to compare the variation in early modern human fossils with that in other groups of fo…
Principles for the virtual reconstruction of hominin crania
The Evolutionary Role of Modularity and Integration in the Hominoid Cranium
Patterns of morphological integration and modularity among shape features emerge from genetic and developmental factors with varying pleiotropic effects. Factors or processes affecting morphology only locally may respond to selection more easily than common factors that may lead to deleterious side effects and hence are expected to be more conserved. We briefly review evidence for such global factors in primate cranial development as well as for …
Principles for the virtual reconstruction of hominin crania
Comparison of cranial ontogenetic trajectories among great apes and humans
Cranial integration in Homo
Virtual Anthropology
Comparison of dental measurement systems for taxonomic assignment of first molars
Morphometrics of the molar crown is based traditionally on diameter measurements but is nowadays more often based on 2D image analysis of crown outlines. An alternative approach involves measurements at the level of the cervical line. We compare the information content of the two options in a three‐dimensional (3D) digital sample of lower and upper first molars (M 1 and M 1 ) of modern human and Neanderthal teeth. The cervical outline for each to…
Determinants of social competence in Swedish preschoolers
The Qesem Cave hominin material (part 2)
Sexual dimorphism of the human mandible and its association with dental development
The present study investigates whether the human mandible is sexually dimorphic during early postnatal development and whether early dimorphic features persist during subsequent ontogeny. We also examine whether mandibular dimorphism is linked to dimorphism of dental development. Dense CT‐derived mandibular meshes of 84 females and 75 males, ranging from birth to adulthood, were analyzed using geometric morphometric methods. On the basis of the s…
Dental Arch Asymmetry in an Isolated Adriatic Community
Developmental stability reflects the ability of a genotype to develop in the same way under varying environmental conditions. Deviations from developmental stability, arising from disruptive effects of environmental and genetic stresses, can be measured in terms of fluctuating asymmetry, a particularly sensitive indicator of the ability to cope with these stresses during ontogeny. In an inbred Adriatic island population, we expected dental arch f…
Variability of Australopithecus second maxillary molars from Sterkfontein Member 4
A new OH5 reconstruction with an assessment of its uncertainty
Technical note
Procrustes‐based geometric morphometrics (GM) is most often applied to problems of craniofacial shape variation. Here, we demonstrate a novel application of GM to the analysis of whole postcranial elements in a study of 77 hominoid tibiae. We focus on two novel methodological improvements to standard GM approaches: 1) landmark configurations of tibiae including 15 epiphyseal landmarks and 483 semilandmarks along articular surfaces and muscle inse…
Exploiting redundant measurement of dose and developmental outcome
In human teratology, the magnitude of exposures cannot be experimentally controlled. But when dose and response are both measured redundantly, a new statistical approach, Partial Least Squares, can powerfully summarize the data while avoiding familiar inferential pitfalls. Procedures of this class have been exploited in a study of the enduring effects of prenatal alcohol exposure upon neurobehavioral development of some 500 children born in 1975-…
The effects of out-of-home care on the development of social competence in Sweden
Variation of 3D outer and inner crown morphology in modern human mandibular premolars
Objectives This study explores the outer and inner crown of lower third and fourth premolars (P 3 , P 4 ) by analyzing the morphological variation among diverse modern human groups. Materials and Methods We studied three‐dimensional models of the outer enamel surface and the enamel–dentine junction (EDJ) from μCT datasets of 77 recent humans using both an assessment of seven nonmetric traits and a standard geometric morphometric (GM) analysis. Fo…
Describing a craniofacial anomaly
An intergroup comparison of cephalometric landmark configurations by the finite‐element method elegantly depicts the algebra of some of the size and shape change measures that one may define by reference to those landmarks. In studies of mean differences between groups, the statistical analysis of these finite elements is equivalent to competent statistical analysis of the same data using any other geometric metaphor, such as properly standardize…
A method of factor analysis for shape coordinates
Currently the most common reporting style for a geometric morphometric (GMM) analysis of anthropological data begins with the principal components of the shape coordinates to which the original landmark data have been converted. But this focus often frustrates the organismal biologist, mainly because principal component analysis (PCA) is not aimed at scientific interpretability of the loading patterns actually uncovered. The difficulty of making …
Prenatal alcohol exposure, birthweight, and measures of child size from birth to age 14 years
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on offspring's weight, height, and head circumference from birth through 14 years of age. METHODS. This longitudinal prospective study examined a cohort of approximately 500 offspring (oversampled for heavier drinkers and stratified for smoking from a population of 1529 women in prenatal care at the 5th gestational month) at birth; 8 and 18 months; and 4, …
Two Structural Equation Models
Claes Fornell, Fred L. Bookstein, Two Structural Equation Models: LISREL and PLS Applied to Consumer Exit-Voice Theory, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 19, No. 4, Special Issue on Causal Modeling (Nov., 1982), pp. 440-452
Two Structural Equation Models
In marketing applications of structural equation models with unobservable variables, researchers have relied almost exclusively on LISREL for parameter estimation. Apparently they have been little concerned about the frequent inability of marketing data to meet the requirements for maximum likelihood estimation or the common occurrence of improper solutions in LISREL modeling. The authors demonstrate that partial least squares (PLS) can be used t…
Tensor biometrics for changes in cranial shape
D'Arcy Thompson's method of Cartesian transformations can be adapted to the biometric study of group differences and trends in shape. The key to this extension is the symmetric tensor, a mathematical representation of the linear deformation taking one triangle onto another. These tensors may easily be computed from data that come in the form of Cartesian coordinates of homologous landmarks, such as are customary in roentgenographic cephalometrics…
Describing a craniofacial anomaly
An intergroup comparison of cephalometric landmark configurations by the finite‐element method elegantly depicts the algebra of some of the size and shape change measures that one may define by reference to those landmarks. In studies of mean differences between groups, the statistical analysis of these finite elements is equivalent to competent statistical analysis of the same data using any other geometric metaphor, such as properly standardize…
Exploratory Human Craniometry of Recent Eskaleutian Regional Groups from the Western Arctic and Subarctic of North America
nobody should be under any illusions as to the seriousness of the situation." Well, perhaps it is, in the sense that the biological productivity of the world is threatened. But, comparatively, what is the extent of the threat? Is it life-threatening, as in the Sahel? Are whole ecosystems disappearing, as they are in the clearing of tropical forests? Are the lakes being killed, as in Norway and Ontario? No: Sage's concern is that "the wilderness a…
The effects of out-of-home care on the development of social competence in Sweden
Determinants of social competence in Swedish preschoolers
Principal warps
The decomposition of deformations by principal warps is demonstrated. The method is extended to deal with curving edges between landmarks. This formulation is related to other applications of splines current in computer vision. How they might aid in the extraction of features for analysis, comparison, and diagnosis of biological and medical images in indicated.>
Least Squares and Latent Variables
Can Biometrical Shape Be a Homologous Character?
Prenatal alcohol exposure, birthweight, and measures of child size from birth to age 14 years
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on offspring's weight, height, and head circumference from birth through 14 years of age. METHODS. This longitudinal prospective study examined a cohort of approximately 500 offspring (oversampled for heavier drinkers and stratified for smoking from a population of 1529 women in prenatal care at the 5th gestational month) at birth; 8 and 18 months; and 4, …
Exploiting redundant measurement of dose and developmental outcome
In human teratology, the magnitude of exposures cannot be experimentally controlled. But when dose and response are both measured redundantly, a new statistical approach, Partial Least Squares, can powerfully summarize the data while avoiding familiar inferential pitfalls. Procedures of this class have been exploited in a study of the enduring effects of prenatal alcohol exposure upon neurobehavioral development of some 500 children born in 1975-…
Landmark methods for forms without landmarks
Cranial allometry, phylogeography, and systematics of large‐bodied papionins (primates
The cranial morphology of the African Old World monkeys Mandrillus , Papio , and Theropithecus (i.e., baboons) has been the subject of a number of studies investigating their systematic relationships, patterns of scaling, and growth. In this study, we use landmark‐based geometric morphometrics and multivariate analysis to assess the effects of size, sex, taxonomy, and geographic location on cranial shape. Forty‐five landmarks were digitized in th…
Cranial integration in Homo
Risk Factors for Adverse Life Outcomes in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects
Clinical descriptions of patients with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) suggest major problems with adaptive behavior. Five operationally defined adverse outcomes and 18 associated risk/protective factors were examined using a Life History Interview with knowledgeable informants of 415 patients with FAS or FAE (median age 14 years, range 6-51; median IQ 86, range 29-126). Eighty percent of these patients were not raise…
Comparison of cranial ontogenetic trajectories among great apes and humans
Semilandmarks in Three Dimensions
Dental Arch Asymmetry in an Isolated Adriatic Community
Developmental stability reflects the ability of a genotype to develop in the same way under varying environmental conditions. Deviations from developmental stability, arising from disruptive effects of environmental and genetic stresses, can be measured in terms of fluctuating asymmetry, a particularly sensitive indicator of the ability to cope with these stresses during ontogeny. In an inbred Adriatic island population, we expected dental arch f…
External Geometry of Mladeč Neurocrania Compared with Anatomically Modern Humans and Neandertals
The Evolutionary Role of Modularity and Integration in the Hominoid Cranium
Patterns of morphological integration and modularity among shape features emerge from genetic and developmental factors with varying pleiotropic effects. Factors or processes affecting morphology only locally may respond to selection more easily than common factors that may lead to deleterious side effects and hence are expected to be more conserved. We briefly review evidence for such global factors in primate cranial development as well as for …
Early modern human diversity suggests subdivided population structure and a complex out-of-Africa scenario
The interpretation of genetic evidence regarding modern human origins depends, among other things, on assessments of the structure and the variation of ancient populations. Because we lack genetic data from the time when the first anatomically modern humans appeared, between 200,000 and 60,000 years ago, instead we exploit the phenotype of neurocranial geometry to compare the variation in early modern human fossils with that in other groups of fo…
Principles for the virtual reconstruction of hominin crania
Socioeconomic status, education, and reproduction in modern women
Although associations between status or resources and reproduction are positive in premodern societies and also in men in modern societies, in modern women the associations are typically negative. We investigated how the association between socioeconomic status and reproductive output varies with the source of status and resources, the woman's education, and her age at reproductive onset (proxied by age at marriage). By using a large sample of US…
Socioeconomic Status, Marital Status and Childlessness in Men and Women
This study compares the effects of two distinct forms of human capital – income and education – on marital status and childlessness separately by sex in six different countries. Nearly 10 million individual records on individuals aged 16 to 50 were used from censuses from Brazil, Mexico, Panama, South Africa, USA and Venezuela dating from 2000 or later, to analyse the relationship between education, income and marital status and childlessness in …
Biology (20 obras) · Computer Science (18 obras) · Morphological variations and asymmetry (18 obras) · Mathematics (16 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (15 obras) · Evolutionary biology (12 obras) · Geography (9 obras) · Evolution and Paleontology Studies (8 obras) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (8 obras) · Geometry (8 obras)