Barbara Johnstone
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 83531 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Barbara Johnstone |
| NOMBRES | Barbara |
| APELLIDO | Johnstone |
| FIRMA | JOHNSTONE B |
| AFILIACIONES | Carnegie Mellon University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1916-3155 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 57 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 505 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 56 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1985 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Introducing the Archive of Pittsburgh Language and Speech, a Publicly Accessible, Richly Annotated Corpus of Sociolinguistic Interviews
The troves of speech data that have driven an increasing orientation towards large‐scale methods in linguistics have been, for the most part, available only to closed teams of researchers and their collaborators. The Archive of Pittsburgh Language and Speech (APLS, https://apls.pitt.edu ) is a new open data resource, consisting of nearly 46 h of audio from sociolinguistic interviews with 40 speakers of Pittsburgh English. Powered by the corpus ma…
Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationships between language and the social contexts in which it is used. Sociolinguistics got its start in the 1960s, when scholars from various disciplines came together to talk about language as a social phenomenon. The four main strands of research that resulted were interactional sociolinguistics, language variation and change, conversation analysis, and the sociology of language. The entry touches on t…
Elizabeth Marlin
After the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, local leaders throughout Pennsylvania began to prepare women to participate in political life. In rural Brookville, Jefferson County, voter registration drives were aimed at women and a “voting school” trained them to understand and mark ballots. On Election Day 1920, women drove others to the polls and answered questions about the voting process. Because of her advanced age, Elizabeth Marlin, a…
Southern Speech With A Northern Accent
Analysis of a Pittsburgher's voicing of a Texan reinforces Dennis Preston's observation that imitations of others' dialects are often selective and inaccurate. This article argues that the activity of sounding Southern represented in this imitation is evaluated according to a set of norms that are different from the norms relevant to everyday, native uses of Southern speech. Sounding Southern in this sense does not mean adopting a Southern accent…
Enregisterment
A key question for sociolinguistics is how communicative signs and sets of signs come to index styles, identities, activities, genres, dialects, and other social and communicative practices. The concept of "enregisterment," borrowed from linguistic anthropologists in the Piercian semiotic tradition, provides a useful heuristic for thinking about this process. This article offers a definition of enregisterment and considers each of its facets in t…
Oral versions of personal experience
William Labov is known across the human and social sciences for his work on oral narratives about personal experience. This article provides an overview of that research and discusses its uptake and influence in linguistics and in other fields. Subsequent scholarship on narrative has critiqued Labov's model on the grounds that it privileges a certain genre of personal-experience narrative and underplays the role of interlocutors and other context…
The Sociolinguistics of Globalization
Linguistically, globalization has given rise to both homogenization and differentiation. Imperial conquest and standardization in the European nation-building tradition led to the spread of dominant languages and varieties and the creation of sometimes artificial linguistic boundaries. Standardization associated with nation-building continues, alongside new modes of standardization associated with capitalism. However, the factors that can lead to…
The Sage Handbook of Sociolinguistics
Making Pittsburghese
Dialect enregisterment in performance1
This paper explores sociolinguistic enregisterment in two comedy sketches performed by a team of radio DJs. I show that dialect enregisterment works differently in these high performances than in other genres. Unlike the cultural artifacts that have been the focus of previous work, this sort of broadcast comedic performance creates multiple possibilities for the enregisterment of unexpected linguistic forms. Linking locally-occurring forms to mul…
Dell H. Hymes
We are all saddened by the death of Dell Hymes. Hymes was one of the leading figures in linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics, a pioneer who took the field in many new directions. These include the study of
Two Roads Diverge
Review Article| August 01 2010 Two Roads Diverge: The Linguistics of Speech The Linguistics of Speech By William A. Kretzschmar, Jr., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Pp xii + 296., ISBN 978-0-521-88703-8; $99.00 Barbara Johnstone Barbara Johnstone Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google American Speech (2010) 85 (3): 366–372. https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-2010-021 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter…
Remembering Dell
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Pittsburghese Shirts
This article considers a type of material artifact that circulates ideas about regional speech in the United States: T-shirts bearing words and phrases thought to be unique to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. I argue that Pittsburghese shirts, seen for themselves and in the context of their production, distribution, and consumption, are part of a process leading to the creation and focusing of the idea that there is a Pittsburgh dialect. To describe how…
Indexicality and experience
In this paper we test the hypothesis that monophthongal /aw/ is semiotically associated with local identity in Pittsburgh. We compare results of an experimental task that directly elicits participants' sense of the indexical value of /aw/‐monophthongization with the occurrence of this variant in the same people's speech. People who hear monophthongal /aw/ as an index of localness are unlikely to have this feature in their own speech, and many of …
Rhetoric in detail
The eleven studies in this volume illustrate and advance the synthesis of discourse analysis with rhetorical studies. Rhetoric in Detail shows how a variety of techniques from discourse analysis can be useful in studying such concerns as agency, legitimation, controversy, and style, and how concepts from rhetoric including genre and figuration can enrich the work of discourse analysts. The authors’ research sites range from government commissions…
A new role for narrative in variationist sociolinguistics
Labov and Waletzky’s (1997[1967]) path-breaking description of “narrative syntax” arose in the context of variationist sociolinguistic research, and narrative continues to be an important source of data for variationist’ work. In most of this work, however, narrative is not the object of study. Variationist sociolinguists are interested in the structure and function of sounds, words, and phrases found in narrative data, but they have not typicall…
Mobility, Indexicality, and the Enregisterment of “Pittsburghese
This article explores the sociolinguistic history of a U.S. city. On the basis of historical research, ethnography, discourse analysis, and sociolinguistic interviews, the authors describe how a set of linguistic features that were once not noticed at all, then used and heard primarily as markers of socioeconomic class, have come to be linked increasingly to place and “enregistered” as a dialect called “Pittsburghese.” To explain how this has com…
Place, Globalization, and Linguistic Variation
Place, in one form or another—nation, region, county, city, or neighborhood—is one of the most frequently adduced correlates of linguistic variation.1 In most work in dialectology and variationist sociolinguistics, place has been implicitly conceived of in objective, physical terms. Part of the standard account of the origins of regional dialects in Europe, for example, is that physical boundaries such as rivers and mountain ranges gave rise to c…
Pittsburghese” Online
In this paper, we show how a rhetorical and linguistic microanalysis of a conversation about regional dialect helps illuminate part of the relatively unstudied process of vernacular norm-formation (Milroy 1992, 81-122; Our data is an online discussion of the speech of the Pittsburgh area. As the online discussion illustrates, vernacular normformation may involve discursive practices similar to those that result in language standardization. Like s…
Conversation, Text, and Discourse
Dans cet article, l'A. fait le point sur les etudes dialectologiques traitant du discours en anglais americain au cours de ces 20 dernieres annees. Il separe son propos en deux parties, une analyse du discours EN anglais americain (styles interactionnels ou strategies de discours) et une etude sur le discours ET l'anglais americain, c'est-a-dire les travaux de dialectologie reflexive qui analyse ses methodes et son objet d'etude. Il propose alors…
DAHNTAHN” Pittsburgh
In this paper we report on an exploratory study of the history of the monophthongization of the diphthong /aw/ in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. We suggest that the persistence of this feature may be linked to the dominant role it plays in print representations of local-sounding speech. In sketching the history of the variable (aw) in the speech of working-class male Pittsburghers as far back as 1850 or so, this study contributes to the small body of …
The Language War
The Language War. Robin Tolmach Lakoff. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2000. 322 pp
Representing American Speech
Research Article| November 01 2000 REPRESENTING AMERICAN SPEECH BARBARA JOHNSTONE BARBARA JOHNSTONE Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google American Speech (2000) 75 (4): 390-392. https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-75-4-390 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation BARBARA JOHNSTONE; REPRESENTING AMERICAN SPEECH. American Speech 1 November 2000; 75 (4): 390-392. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283…
The Individual Voice in Language
This article presents arguments for supplementing linguistic work focused on abstract social systems (languages, dialects, varieties) with linguistic work focused on individual speakers. It begins by reviewing how the individual speaker has been conceived of (when at all) in linguistics and linguistic anthropology. Two areas of linguistic research, discourse processing and linguistic variation and change, serve as examples of what is to be gained…
Mobility, Indexicality, and the Enregisterment of “Pittsburghese
This article explores the sociolinguistic history of a U.S. city. On the basis of historical research, ethnography, discourse analysis, and sociolinguistic interviews, the authors describe how a set of linguistic features that were once not noticed at all, then used and heard primarily as markers of socioeconomic class, have come to be linked increasingly to place and “enregistered” as a dialect called “Pittsburghese.” To explain how this has com…
Pittsburghese Shirts
This article considers a type of material artifact that circulates ideas about regional speech in the United States: T-shirts bearing words and phrases thought to be unique to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. I argue that Pittsburghese shirts, seen for themselves and in the context of their production, distribution, and consumption, are part of a process leading to the creation and focusing of the idea that there is a Pittsburgh dialect. To describe how…
Dialect enregisterment in performance1
This paper explores sociolinguistic enregisterment in two comedy sketches performed by a team of radio DJs. I show that dialect enregisterment works differently in these high performances than in other genres. Unlike the cultural artifacts that have been the focus of previous work, this sort of broadcast comedic performance creates multiple possibilities for the enregisterment of unexpected linguistic forms. Linking locally-occurring forms to mul…
The Individual Voice in Language
This article presents arguments for supplementing linguistic work focused on abstract social systems (languages, dialects, varieties) with linguistic work focused on individual speakers. It begins by reviewing how the individual speaker has been conceived of (when at all) in linguistics and linguistic anthropology. Two areas of linguistic research, discourse processing and linguistic variation and change, serve as examples of what is to be gained…
Uses of Southern-sounding speech by contemporary Texas women
Anglo-Texas women typically do not think of themselves as Southerners, but many can use speech forms that came to Texas from the American South. The relationship of Texas women to Southern speech is complex, and Texas women orient to and use Southern forms in various ways. Several of the possibilities are briefly illustrated. These examples serve to raise questions about language crossing and stylization in contexts in which the variety being ado…
Enregisterment
A key question for sociolinguistics is how communicative signs and sets of signs come to index styles, identities, activities, genres, dialects, and other social and communicative practices. The concept of "enregisterment," borrowed from linguistic anthropologists in the Piercian semiotic tradition, provides a useful heuristic for thinking about this process. This article offers a definition of enregisterment and considers each of its facets in t…
Pittsburghese” Online
In this paper, we show how a rhetorical and linguistic microanalysis of a conversation about regional dialect helps illuminate part of the relatively unstudied process of vernacular norm-formation (Milroy 1992, 81-122; Our data is an online discussion of the speech of the Pittsburgh area. As the online discussion illustrates, vernacular normformation may involve discursive practices similar to those that result in language standardization. Like s…
Oral versions of personal experience
William Labov is known across the human and social sciences for his work on oral narratives about personal experience. This article provides an overview of that research and discusses its uptake and influence in linguistics and in other fields. Subsequent scholarship on narrative has critiqued Labov's model on the grounds that it privileges a certain genre of personal-experience narrative and underplays the role of interlocutors and other context…
DAHNTAHN” Pittsburgh
In this paper we report on an exploratory study of the history of the monophthongization of the diphthong /aw/ in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. We suggest that the persistence of this feature may be linked to the dominant role it plays in print representations of local-sounding speech. In sketching the history of the variable (aw) in the speech of working-class male Pittsburghers as far back as 1850 or so, this study contributes to the small body of …
Individual style in an American pubic opinion survey
The anonymous telephone public opinion survey is supposed to be invariant. Interviewers' individual linguistic styles are supposed to be suppressed. However, transcripts of interviews show that no two interviewers perform the task alike. Much of the deviation can be explained by the heightened requirement for politeness in the "cold call," for Americans one of the most egregious of interactional impositions. But no two interviewers fulfill this r…
Self-expression and linguistic variation
This article argues that self-expression is a crucial though heretofore largely overlooked part of the explanation for linguistic variation. Self-expression mediates between linguistic choices and social facts such as gender, occupation, linguistic ideology, and place of origin, as speakers use language not only to express their identification with or rejection of social groupings, but also to express their individuality. All language use is thus…
Sociolinguistic Resources, Individual Identities, and Public Speech Styles of Texas Women
Four Texas public speakers claim that region and ethnicity affect their speech but are uncomfortable talking about the influences of gender. They see their styles as expressive of self rather than social identity and as the result of very particular facts about their own predispositions, families, and circumstances. These shapers of public discourse are at least as motivated by the need to express unique, differentiated selves as by the need to r…
Lingual biography and linguistic variation
An introduction
The Sociolinguistics of Globalization
Linguistically, globalization has given rise to both homogenization and differentiation. Imperial conquest and standardization in the European nation-building tradition led to the spread of dominant languages and varieties and the creation of sometimes artificial linguistic boundaries. Standardization associated with nation-building continues, alongside new modes of standardization associated with capitalism. However, the factors that can lead to…
Making Pittsburghese
A new role for narrative in variationist sociolinguistics
Labov and Waletzky’s (1997[1967]) path-breaking description of “narrative syntax” arose in the context of variationist sociolinguistic research, and narrative continues to be an important source of data for variationist’ work. In most of this work, however, narrative is not the object of study. Variationist sociolinguists are interested in the structure and function of sounds, words, and phrases found in narrative data, but they have not typicall…
Workplace reasons for saying you're sorry
We propose a model of the speech act of apologizing that ranges apologies along a continuum from the most situational, on one end, to the most personal, on the other. We then analyze the 252 occurrences of I'm sorry, excuse me, and beg pardon and their variants in 62 telephone interviews conducted for a public‐opinion polling service. Very few of the apologies in the interviews are responses to particular personal offenses, intended to convey reg…
Variation in Discourse
ENORMOUS PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE in the description of the sounds, words, and grammar of varieties of American English during the past seventyfive years, and especially during the last quarter century. Both in the older tradition of dialect geography and in the newer paradigm of variation studies pioneered by Labov, research on variation in phonology, morphology, and syntax has been relatively unified in focus and in methodology, and its results-t…
Gender, politeness, and discourse management in same-sex and cross-sex opinion-poll interviews
Dell H. Hymes
We are all saddened by the death of Dell Hymes. Hymes was one of the leading figures in linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics, a pioneer who took the field in many new directions. These include the study of
Representing American Speech
Research Article| November 01 2000 REPRESENTING AMERICAN SPEECH BARBARA JOHNSTONE BARBARA JOHNSTONE Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google American Speech (2000) 75 (4): 390-392. https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-75-4-390 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation BARBARA JOHNSTONE; REPRESENTING AMERICAN SPEECH. American Speech 1 November 2000; 75 (4): 390-392. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283…
Southern Speech With A Northern Accent
Analysis of a Pittsburgher's voicing of a Texan reinforces Dennis Preston's observation that imitations of others' dialects are often selective and inaccurate. This article argues that the activity of sounding Southern represented in this imitation is evaluated according to a set of norms that are different from the norms relevant to everyday, native uses of Southern speech. Sounding Southern in this sense does not mean adopting a Southern accent…
Remembering Dell
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button
The Language War
The Language War. Robin Tolmach Lakoff. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2000. 322 pp
Language and Television
The Language of Riddles
La répétition
The Language of Children and Adolescents
Parataxis in Arabic
Preview this article: Parataxis in Arabic: Modification as a Model for Persuasion, Page 1 of 1 /docserver/preview/fulltext/sl.11.1.04joh-1.gif
‘He says … so I said’
An introduction
Words at Work
The Semantics of Form in Arabic
Linguistic Anthropology
Stories, community, and place
On the Boundaries of Conversation
Variation in Discourse
ENORMOUS PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE in the description of the sounds, words, and grammar of varieties of American English during the past seventyfive years, and especially during the last quarter century. Both in the older tradition of dialect geography and in the newer paradigm of variation studies pioneered by Labov, research on variation in phonology, morphology, and syntax has been relatively unified in focus and in methodology, and its results-t…
Repetition in Arabic Discourse
In this examination of expository prose in contemporary Arabic, structural and semantic repetition is found to be responsible both for linguistic cohesion and for rhetorical force. Johnstone identifies and discusses repetitive features on every level of analysis. Writers in Arabic use lexical couplets consisting of conjoined synonyms, which create new semantic paradigms as they evoke old ones. Morphological roots and patterns are repeated at clos…
Individual style in an American pubic opinion survey
The anonymous telephone public opinion survey is supposed to be invariant. Interviewers' individual linguistic styles are supposed to be suppressed. However, transcripts of interviews show that no two interviewers perform the task alike. Much of the deviation can be explained by the heightened requirement for politeness in the "cold call," for Americans one of the most egregious of interactional impositions. But no two interviewers fulfill this r…
Stories, Community, and Place
American Narratives
Gender, politeness, and discourse management in same-sex and cross-sex opinion-poll interviews
Workplace reasons for saying you're sorry
We propose a model of the speech act of apologizing that ranges apologies along a continuum from the most situational, on one end, to the most personal, on the other. We then analyze the 252 occurrences of I'm sorry, excuse me, and beg pardon and their variants in 62 telephone interviews conducted for a public‐opinion polling service. Very few of the apologies in the interviews are responses to particular personal offenses, intended to convey reg…
Locating Dialect in Discourse
Sociolinguistic Resources, Individual Identities, and Public Speech Styles of Texas Women
Four Texas public speakers claim that region and ethnicity affect their speech but are uncomfortable talking about the influences of gender. They see their styles as expressive of self rather than social identity and as the result of very particular facts about their own predispositions, families, and circumstances. These shapers of public discourse are at least as motivated by the need to express unique, differentiated selves as by the need to r…
Framing in Discourse
Framing in Discourse. Deborah Tannen ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. 263 pp
The Linguistic Individual
Linguists usually discuss language or dialects in terms of groups of speakers. Believing that patterns can be seen more clearly in the group than the individual, researchers often present group scores with no indication of the variation within the group. Even though they all acknowledge that no two individuals speak alike, few study individual variation and voice. The individual has always been thought to be outside the purview of linguistic theo…
Repetition in Discourse
Social Characteristics and Self-Expression in Narrative
Department of English article
Linguistics (40 obras) · Sociology (31 obras) · Philosophy (30 obras) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (28 obras) · Computer Science (23 obras) · Psychology (22 obras) · Multilingual Education and Policy (21 obras) · Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies (20 obras) · History (15 obras) · Sociolinguistics (11 obras)