Peter Mark
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 84285 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Peter Mark |
| NOMBRES | Peter |
| APELLIDO | Mark |
| FIRMA | MARK P |
| AFILIACIONES | Wesleyan University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1812-2148 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 59 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 178 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 59 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1978 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Local African responses to the early slave trade trade in Upper Guinea, sixteenth to seventeenth centuries
When Portuguese mariners reached the Senegambian coast shortly before 1450, they quickly engaged in taking small numbers of captives back to Lis-bon. In Senegambian societies, varied forms of limited or temporary servile status existed before this first contact, and the interior was connected to the older trans-Saharan slave trade. By the 1580s several thousand Africans a year were being pur-chased and taken either to the Cape Verde Islands, to E…
Caravans of Gold, Fragments in Time
Caravans of Gold, Fragments in Time: Art, Culture, and Exchange across Medieval Saharan Africa. Kathleen Bickford Berzock, ed. Block Museum of Art, Northwestern University; Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019. 312 pp. $65. - Volume 75 Issue 4
Are some more equal than others? Animated and animatronic adaptations of Animal Farm
This article focuses on two film adaptations of George Orwell’s 1945 novel Animal Farm, exploring what they tell us about the Cultural Cold War and the post-Cold War period, as well as about the interplay between adaptation and political purpose. The article situates the 1945 animated version in the context of the Cultural Cold War, touching on the now well-established CIA involvement of this version, and investigating how that film’s ending espe…
Pas de provenance sans contexte
Si l’un des buts de l’histoire de l’art est de mieux comprendre le sens originel des œuvres étudiées, la méthodologie historique est alors une absolue nécessité pour identifier et interpréter les objets produits avant la colonisation. Cet essai s’intéresse aux sculptures en ivoire des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, identifiées comme « luso-africaines ». Aussi bien la provenance géographique que l’origine culturelle ou « ethnique » des artistes présumés…
Towards an art history of precontemporary Africa. Preliminary thoughts for a state-of-the-art assessment
Interest in African art developed at several moments during the 20th century and it continues to evolve through these early years of the present century. Generally speaking, this interest spread first in Europe and in North America, but subsequently in Africa. In all of these places, traders and collectors, and occasionally museums, took part in redefining the subject. In France, since President Macron’s speech on 28 November 2017 at the Universi…
En quête d’une histoire des arts d’Afrique précontemporains. Réflexions préliminaires pour un état des lieux
L’intérêt pour l’art africain s’est activé et réactivé à plusieurs reprises au cours du xxe siècle et dans les premières années du xxie siècle, en Europe et en Amérique du Nord, puis aussi en Afrique où les marchands et les collectionneurs, plus rarement les musées, participent à le redéfinir. En France, depuis le discours prononcé le 28 novembre 2017 par le président de la République française, Emmanuel Macron, à l’université Ouaga 1 – Joseph Ki…
Finding provenance, seeking context
If one of the aims of art history is to understand better the original meaning of the works studied, then an historical methodology is absolutely essential to the identification and interpretation of precolonial objects. This essay focuses on 16th- and 17th-century ivory carvings identified as ‘Luso-African’. Both the geographical provenance and the ‘ethnic’ or cultural origins of the presumed artists have been mistakenly identified. Geographical…
Literature of the 1990s
Placing literary creativity within a changing cultural and political context that saw the end of Margaret Thatcher and rise of New Labour, this book offers fresh interpretations of mainstream and marginal works from all parts of Britain. Based on a framework of thematically-structured accounts, the individual chapters cover national identity, ethnicity, sexuality, class, celebrity culture, history and fantasy in literature from Wales, Scotland, N…
The Art of Conversion
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
The Upper Guinea Coast in Global Perspective
For centuries, Africa's Upper Guinea Coast region has been the site of regional and global interactions, with societies from different parts of the African continent and beyond engaging in economic trade, cultural exchange and various forms of conflict. This book provides a wide-ranging look at how such encounters have continued into the present day, identifying the disruptions and continuities in religion, language, economics and various other s…
Bini, Vidi, Vici” – On the Misuse of “Style” in the Analysis of Sixteenth Century Luso-African Ivories
The Luso-African [or Afro-Portuguese] ivories from West Africa include hunting horns (so-called “olifants” or “oliphants”), spoons, and lidded bowls (saltcellars) embellished with human figures and animals. These objects, first imported into Europe at the beginning of the sixteenth century, have engendered debate over dating and provenance. While scholars agree that the early sixteenth-century pieces were produced by “Sape(s)” (or “Sapi”) artists…
‘Traditional’ Jola Peacemaking
This chapter discusses the historical and cultural roots of reconciliation and peace in contemporary Casamance, Senegal. Local actors in the peace process situate themselves as the heirs of indigenous tradition. Regarding the recent efforts to end the civil strife that has afflicted the Casamance since 1982, we find ourselves in the position of having different perspectives: one of us is an anthropologist, while the other is both an historian and…
The Forgotten Diaspora
This book traces the history of early seventeenth-century Portuguese Sephardic traders who settled in two communities on Senegal's Petite Côte. There, they lived as public Jews, under the spiritual guidance of a rabbi sent by the newly established Portuguese Jewish community in Amsterdam and were protected from agents of the Inquisition by local Muslim rulers. The Petite Côte communities included several Jews of mixed Portuguese-African heritage …
Double Historiography—France and Sierra Leone
Trade and Trade Networks in the Greater Senegambia
Trade and Trade Networks in the Greater Senegambia: An Introductory Essay Peter Mark and José da Silva Horta Seventeenth-centuryproductscomplementaritybroughtcommercetogetheroftechnologiesskillsinSenegambia1ofandartisansofproducts.fromwasWestcharacterizedTheAfrica,mixingNorthbyof Seventeenth-century complementarity of technologies and of products. The mixing of products brought together skills of artisans from West Africa, North Africa, and Europ…
Towards a Reassessment of the Dating and the Geographical Origins of the Luso-African Ivories, Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries
Fifty years ago, a group of 100 ivory carvings from West Africa was first identified by the English scholar William Fagg as constituting a coherent body of work. In making this important identification, Fagg proposed the descriptive label “Afro-Portuguese ivories.” Then, as now, the provenance and dating of these carved spoons, chalices (now recognized as salt cellars), horns, and small boxes posed a challenge to art historians. Fagg proposed thr…
A vez dos cestos/Time for Baskets by Sonia Silva
History and Identity in Senegambia and on the Upper Guinea Coast
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
History and Identity in Senegambia and on the Upper Guinea Coast
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Two Early Seventeenth-Century Sephardic Communities on Senegal's Petite Cote
Portuguese archives contain a wealth of documents that are insufficiently utilized by, and often unknown to, historians of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century west Africa. Lusophone sources are crucial for the period of earliest contact between Europeans and West Africans. While the publications of Avelino Teixeira da Mota are widely known, the work of contemporary Portuguese scholars such as Maria Emilia Madeira Santos, Maria Manuel Torrão, and M…
Eurafricans in Western Africa; Commerce, Social Status, Gender, and Religious Observance from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century
Le modèle de "maison à la portugaise" en Afrique de l'Ouest et au Brésil au XVIIe siècle
Entre le XVI e et le XTX e siècle, les Luso-Africains de la Sénégambie les " Portuguais ", se définissaient en partie par le type de maison qu'ils habitaient. Ce style s'est rapidement épanoui, avec différentes variantes, tout autour de l'Océan Indien jusqu'au Brésil, en suivant le réseau commercial portugais-capverdien, jusqu'au Brésil. La maison à la portugaise fut transférée au Brésil par des immigrés portugais venant des îles du Cap Vert et p…
Les Fusils jaunes
Serge Tornay. Les Fusils jaunes: Generations et politique en pays Nyangatom (Ethiopie). Nanterre: Societe d'Ethnologie, 2001. 363 pp. Figures. Photographs. Eur. 27.44. Paper. This book is a meticulous anthropological case study of the Nyamgatom peoples, Nilotic-speaking agro-pastoralists who inhabit the border region between Ethiopia, Kenya, and Sudan. Serge Tornay, formerly a professor at the Universite Paris-X (Nanterre) and now Directeur de Se…
"Portuguese" Style and Luso-African Identity
Annotation
Attachment and Contained Splitting
In this article the authors describe the three-year combined group and individual therapy project for patients suffering from severe borderline personality disorder. The project attempted through careful supervision and regular whole-team meetings to integrate the research findings of attachment theory into the practice of both group and individual therapy. Material from the group sessions follows a description of the project's organization and t…
"Portuguese" Style and Luso-African Identity
Annotation
The Evolution of ‘Portuguese’ Identity
During the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century, Portugal established a trading presence along the Upper Guinea Coast from Senegal to Sierra Leone. Emigrants from Portugal known as lançados – some of them Jews seeking to escape religious persecution – settled along the coast, where many of them married women from local communities. By the early sixteenth century, Luso-Africans, or ‘Portuguese’ as they called themselves, were established at …
Eurafricans in Western Africa; Commerce, Social Status, Gender, and Religious Observance from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century
Towards a Reassessment of the Dating and the Geographical Origins of the Luso-African Ivories, Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries
Fifty years ago, a group of 100 ivory carvings from West Africa was first identified by the English scholar William Fagg as constituting a coherent body of work. In making this important identification, Fagg proposed the descriptive label “Afro-Portuguese ivories.” Then, as now, the provenance and dating of these carved spoons, chalices (now recognized as salt cellars), horns, and small boxes posed a challenge to art historians. Fagg proposed thr…
Urban Migration, Cash Cropping, and Calamity
Between 1900 and 1940 the establishment of French colonial administration and the introduction of cash crop agriculture led to far-reaching social and economic changes among the Diola of Boulouf, in southwestern Senegal. Also during this period, the Muslim religion began to attract converts in Boulouf. The growth of urban migration and trade, together with the sale of peanuts as a cash crop, brought a degree of financial autonomy to the young men…
Art, Ritual, and Folklore
P. Mark - Art, rituel et folklore : danses folkloriques et identité culturelle chez les habitants de la Casamance. Les danses folkloriques de la Casamance (Sénégal) sont représentatives d'un phénomène de création du folklore dans une société où la culture « traditionnelle » est toujours vivante. Cet article, qui s'inspire des travaux de K. Barber, de E. Hobs-bawm et des théories du « Volkskunde » élaborées par H. Bausinger, propose un modèle théo…
The Wild Bull and the Sacred Forest
Ritual and Masking Traditions in Jola Men's Initiation
La tradition orale locale accorde une place preponderante aux rites d'initiation (ou bukut) des hommes Jola en Casamance (Senegal). Celebres tous les 20 ou 25 ans par chaque village pour les hommes de 12 a 35 ans, ces rites comprennent une periode de reclusion dans la foret sacree ou se fait l'acquisition d'un savoir secret et de la discipline ; une fois sortis de ce rite de separation, les participants sont reconnus comme des hommes adultes. Au …
Portuguese” Architecture and Luso-African Identity in Senegambia and Guinea, 1730–1890
Along the West African coast and in the immediate hinterland from the Gambia River to Sierra Leone in the eighteenth and the first half of the nineteenth century, a region of extensive long-distance trade, the buildings people lived in, as well as the physical layout of their communities, served as important elements in the articulation of their cultural identity. At the same time, architecture reflected contact between the various populations of…
Constructing Identity
The precolonial architectural history of the northern Upper Guinea coast from the Gambia to the Geba rivers has yet to be studied in depth. Yet this region, the first to be visited and described by European travelers in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, is among the best-documented parts of sub-Saharan Africa for the four centuries of precolonial African-European contact. The establishment of communities of Luso-African traders in the …
The World and a Very Small Place in Africa
The Making of Bamana Sculpture
The Making of Bamana Sculpture: Creativity and Gender, SARAH C. BRETT‐SMITH. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. RES Monographs on Anthropology and Aesthetics, xx. 352 pp. 60 b/w illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $95.00 (cloth
Two Early Seventeenth-Century Sephardic Communities on Senegal's Petite Cote
Portuguese archives contain a wealth of documents that are insufficiently utilized by, and often unknown to, historians of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century west Africa. Lusophone sources are crucial for the period of earliest contact between Europeans and West Africans. While the publications of Avelino Teixeira da Mota are widely known, the work of contemporary Portuguese scholars such as Maria Emilia Madeira Santos, Maria Manuel Torrão, and M…
Religion, Identity, and Slavery in the Casamance
Est-ce que l'art africain existe
L'appréciation de « l'art africain » est un phénomène du XXe siècle, associé à des artistes et collectionneurs européens. L'image de la sculpture africaine comme « primitive » et comme associée à des rituels secrets et dangereux continue à influencer la perception de «l'art africain». La notion de «l'art africain» était plus ou moins étrangère aux sociétés d'origine des objets. L'idée d'une esthétique formelle était, elle aussi, le produit des so…
The ethics of art dealing
The ethics of dealing in antiquities may be discussed in two parts: first, the ethical standards that govern the trade and its relation to clients, and second, the new legal standards that affect dealers and collectors arising from political ambitions in the international relations between source and market nations. Friction between these competing interests began with the ratification of the UNESCO Convention in 1972 and the passage of the Cultu…
The Wild Bull and the Sacred Forest
Introduction: method and subject 2. Ethnographic background 3. Bukut initiation 4. History and provenance of the Ejumba mask 5. Iconography of the horned mask 6. Mandinka or Jola? Art and culture as regional processes 7. Islam and Casamance masking traditions 8. Conclusion Appendix Bibliography
En quête d’une histoire des arts d’Afrique précontemporains. Réflexions préliminaires pour un état des lieux
L’intérêt pour l’art africain s’est activé et réactivé à plusieurs reprises au cours du xxe siècle et dans les premières années du xxie siècle, en Europe et en Amérique du Nord, puis aussi en Afrique où les marchands et les collectionneurs, plus rarement les musées, participent à le redéfinir. En France, depuis le discours prononcé le 28 novembre 2017 par le président de la République française, Emmanuel Macron, à l’université Ouaga 1 – Joseph Ki…
Finding provenance, seeking context
If one of the aims of art history is to understand better the original meaning of the works studied, then an historical methodology is absolutely essential to the identification and interpretation of precolonial objects. This essay focuses on 16th- and 17th-century ivory carvings identified as ‘Luso-African’. Both the geographical provenance and the ‘ethnic’ or cultural origins of the presumed artists have been mistakenly identified. Geographical…
The Upper Guinea Coast in Global Perspective
For centuries, Africa's Upper Guinea Coast region has been the site of regional and global interactions, with societies from different parts of the African continent and beyond engaging in economic trade, cultural exchange and various forms of conflict. This book provides a wide-ranging look at how such encounters have continued into the present day, identifying the disruptions and continuities in religion, language, economics and various other s…
Bini, Vidi, Vici” – On the Misuse of “Style” in the Analysis of Sixteenth Century Luso-African Ivories
The Luso-African [or Afro-Portuguese] ivories from West Africa include hunting horns (so-called “olifants” or “oliphants”), spoons, and lidded bowls (saltcellars) embellished with human figures and animals. These objects, first imported into Europe at the beginning of the sixteenth century, have engendered debate over dating and provenance. While scholars agree that the early sixteenth-century pieces were produced by “Sape(s)” (or “Sapi”) artists…
Hatumere
Fetishers, "Marybuckes" and the Christian Norm
English and French attitudes toward Africans in the Senegambia developed and became well-defined during the late sixteenth, seventeenth, and early eighteenth century. These attitudes were influenced by three main factors: European ethnocentrism, the commercial relations which governed European-African intercourse, and the growth of the slave trade. During this period, Europeans expressed increasingly negative characterizations of Africans and the…
Double Historiography—France and Sierra Leone
Two Carved Columns from Grand Bassam
A propos de deux dessins realises par l'officier francais Hyacinthe Hecquard entre 1849 et 1851 a Grand Bassam, Cote-d'Ivoire et representant des colonnes sculptees situees a l'interieur d'habitations de chefs locaux. Leur iconographie
Urban Migration, Cash Cropping, and Calamity
Between 1900 and 1940 the establishment of French colonial administration and the introduction of cash crop agriculture led to far-reaching social and economic changes among the Diola of Boulouf, in southwestern Senegal. Also during this period, the Muslim religion began to attract converts in Boulouf. The growth of urban migration and trade, together with the sale of peanuts as a cash crop, brought a degree of financial autonomy to the young men…
Fetishers, "Marybuckes" and the Christian Norm
English and French attitudes toward Africans in the Senegambia developed and became well-defined during the late sixteenth, seventeenth, and early eighteenth century. These attitudes were influenced by three main factors: European ethnocentrism, the commercial relations which governed European-African intercourse, and the growth of the slave trade. During this period, Europeans expressed increasingly negative characterizations of Africans and the…
Colon
Quetzalcoatl and the Irony of Empire
Two Carved Columns from Grand Bassam
A propos de deux dessins realises par l'officier francais Hyacinthe Hecquard entre 1849 et 1851 a Grand Bassam, Cote-d'Ivoire et representant des colonnes sculptees situees a l'interieur d'habitations de chefs locaux. Leur iconographie
Hatumere
Ejumba
“Your work is very interesting, but isn't it really anthropology?” Art historians working with African art are often confronted with this question. The frequency with which this and related questions are posed suggests that it is important for Africanists to demonstrate what to us may seem obvious: that our methodology is, indeed, properly art historical
A Cultural, Economic, and Religious History of the Basse Casamance since 1500
In the Eye of the Beholder
The Wild Bull and the Sacred Forest. Form, Meaning, and Change in Senegambian Initiation Masks
The Wild Bull and the Sacred Forest
Introduction: method and subject 2. Ethnographic background 3. Bukut initiation 4. History and provenance of the Ejumba mask 5. Iconography of the horned mask 6. Mandinka or Jola? Art and culture as regional processes 7. Islam and Casamance masking traditions 8. Conclusion Appendix Bibliography
The Wild Bull and the Sacred Forest
Art, Ritual, and Folklore
P. Mark - Art, rituel et folklore : danses folkloriques et identité culturelle chez les habitants de la Casamance. Les danses folkloriques de la Casamance (Sénégal) sont représentatives d'un phénomène de création du folklore dans une société où la culture « traditionnelle » est toujours vivante. Cet article, qui s'inspire des travaux de K. Barber, de E. Hobs-bawm et des théories du « Volkskunde » élaborées par H. Bausinger, propose un modèle théo…
Constructing Identity
The precolonial architectural history of the northern Upper Guinea coast from the Gambia to the Geba rivers has yet to be studied in depth. Yet this region, the first to be visited and described by European travelers in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, is among the best-documented parts of sub-Saharan Africa for the four centuries of precolonial African-European contact. The establishment of communities of Luso-African traders in the …
Rives Coloniales
Abdellah Hammoudi. The Victim and its Masks
The Victim and its Masks, an Essay on Sacrifice and Masquerade in the Maghreb, ABDELLAH HAMMOUDI. Translated by Paula Wissing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. 199 pp. 15 halftones, notes, index. $39.95 (cloth); $16.95 (paper
Reinventing Africa
Reinventing Africa: Museums, Material Culture and Popular Imagination in Late Victorian and Edwardian England. Annie E. Coombes. New Haven and London: Yale University Press., 1994. 280 pp., 112 b/w illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $45.00 (cloth
The Making of Bamana Sculpture
The Making of Bamana Sculpture: Creativity and Gender, SARAH C. BRETT‐SMITH. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. RES Monographs on Anthropology and Aesthetics, xx. 352 pp. 60 b/w illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $95.00 (cloth
Power, Prayer and Production
Portuguese” Architecture and Luso-African Identity in Senegambia and Guinea, 1730–1890
Along the West African coast and in the immediate hinterland from the Gambia River to Sierra Leone in the eighteenth and the first half of the nineteenth century, a region of extensive long-distance trade, the buildings people lived in, as well as the physical layout of their communities, served as important elements in the articulation of their cultural identity. At the same time, architecture reflected contact between the various populations of…
Bringing it all Back Home
This article describes a trainee group analyst's experience of challenging his group's determination to form subgroups in cafes after sessions. A variety of approaches were tried and the article outlines a number of phases in the groups over a two-year period, leading to the conductor's realization of the need to extend his own boundaries and work with the concept of the `extended matrix', with a resultant deepening in the work. The issues are pl…
Est-ce que l'art africain existe
L'appréciation de « l'art africain » est un phénomène du XXe siècle, associé à des artistes et collectionneurs européens. L'image de la sculpture africaine comme « primitive » et comme associée à des rituels secrets et dangereux continue à influencer la perception de «l'art africain». La notion de «l'art africain» était plus ou moins étrangère aux sociétés d'origine des objets. L'idée d'une esthétique formelle était, elle aussi, le produit des so…
Drawn from African Dwellings
Women's Masquerade Issue
Ritual and Masking Traditions in Jola Men's Initiation
La tradition orale locale accorde une place preponderante aux rites d'initiation (ou bukut) des hommes Jola en Casamance (Senegal). Celebres tous les 20 ou 25 ans par chaque village pour les hommes de 12 a 35 ans, ces rites comprennent une periode de reclusion dans la foret sacree ou se fait l'acquisition d'un savoir secret et de la discipline ; une fois sortis de ce rite de separation, les participants sont reconnus comme des hommes adultes. Au …
Art (44 obras) · History (34 obras) · African history and culture studies (26 obras) · Sociology (24 obras) · History (22 obras) · Geography (20 obras) · Ethnology (19 obras) · Global Maritime and Colonial Histories (18 obras) · Archaeology (17 obras) · Colonialism, slavery, and trade (15 obras)