Geert Hofstede
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 84836 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Geert Hofstede |
| NOMBRES | Geert |
| APELLIDO | Hofstede |
| FIRMA | HOFSTEDE G |
| AFILIACIONES | Maastricht University |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 40 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 1152 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 40 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1974 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2017 |
| ÍNDICE H | 13 |
Lokales Denken, globales Handeln
Inhalt Wie unsere Herkunft das Denken, Fühlen und Handeln beeinflusst: Brandaktuell in Zeiten großer Migrationsbewegungen erhält der Leser auf gut verständliche und anregende Weise Einsichten darüber, wie der Ort, an dem wir aufgewachsen sind, unsere Art zu denken, zu fühlen und zu handeln formt. Basierend auf Hofstedes Forschungsarbeiten in mittlerweile mehr als siebzig Ländern, über einen Zeitraum von vierzig Jahren hinweg, untersucht "Lokales …
A replication of Hofstede’s uncertainty avoidance dimension across nationally representative samples from Europe
Despite the great interest in Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture, some of them have not been replicated with nationally representative samples. In this study, we use 2010 European Social Survey data for 25 European countries and Israel and obtain a close replication of Hofstede’s uncertainty avoidance ( r = 0.81, p < 0.001, n = 17) with strong face validity, internal reliability, and similar predictive properties to those of the original m…
Clustering of 316 European Regions on Measures of Values
The use of nations as units of analysis in cross-cultural studies is a controversial approach as nations may not be culturally homogeneous. However, a recent study by Minkov and Hofstede found that African, Asian, Latin American, and Anglo in-country regions tended to form homogeneous and distinct national clusters on World Values Survey (WVS) items. We extend this research to European regions, as well as randomly formed nationally homogeneous gr…
The Boundaries of Culture
Cultural phenomena are usually viewed as possessing some temporal stability. Measured properly, the dimensions that they yield have convincing predictive properties and create clear geographic or economic clusters of countries. Using these criteria, we assess the nature of 10 World Values Survey items that address societal norms. We find that they form two factors at the ecological level. Only one of these (personal-sexual) is unambiguously a cul…
Is National Culture a Meaningful Concept
Although many cross-cultural studies have used nations as the units of analysis, the concept of national culture has been challenged on various grounds. One objection is that there may be significant cultural diversity within some countries and similarities across national borders, compromising the concept of national culture. This objection has little empirical support. We used latest World Values Survey data and found that 299 in-country region…
Hofstede's Fifth Dimension
Based on research with Bond's Chinese Values Survey (CVS) across 23 countries, Hofstede added a fifth dimension, Long- versus Short-Term Orientation (LTO), to his earlier four IBM-based dimensions of national cultures. The authors attempted to replicate this dimension by analyzing World Values Survey (WVS) items that seemed to capture the concept of LTO. Their factor analysis of 10 such items across 38 countries resulted in two factors. One was s…
The evolution of Hofstede's doctrine
Purpose The purpose of the paper is to provide a mature reflection upon the work of Hofstede by tracking various subtleties in the evolution of his thought and dispelling prevalent misconceptions. Design/methodology/approach The goal of the paper is achieved by analyzing Hofstede's output from 1970 to the present day in parallel with contemporary research and criticism. Findings The paper arrives at the conclusion that the recent expansion and up…
Dimensionalizing Cultures
This article describes briefly the Hofstede model of six dimensions of national cultures: Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism/Collectivism, Masculinity/Femininity, Long/Short Term Orientation, and Indulgence/Restraint. It shows the conceptual and research efforts that preceded it and led up to it, and once it had become a paradigm for comparing cultures, research efforts that followed and built on it. The article stresses that di…
Long- versus short-term orientation
Long- versus short-term orientation, a national value dimension originally found by Bond among students in 23 countries, became Hofstede's (1991 Hofstede, G. 1991. Cultures and organizations: software of the mind, London: McGraw-Hill. [Google Scholar]) fifth dimension of national cultures. Recent analyses by Minkov (2007 Minkov, M. 2007. What makes us different and similar: a new interpretation of the World Values Survey and other cross-cultural …
The Hofstede model
Recent years have seen increasing interest in the consequences of culture for global marketing and advertising. Many recent studies point at the necessity of adapting branding and advertising strategies to the culture of the consumer. In order to understand cultural differences, several models have been developed of which the Hofstede model is the most used. This article describes elements of this model that are most relevant to branding and adve…
The GLOBE debate
Comparing Regional Cultures Within a Country
In this joint article we test the common assumption that a measure of culture developed for the national level can also be used for comparing regions within a country. Three different research projects independently measured culture differences within the Federal Republic of Brazil, all three using a version of Hofstede's Values Survey Module (VSM). The largest provided separate scores for all of Brazil's 27 states, the next largest for 17 of the…
Cultural Constraints in Management Theories
Personality and Culture Revisited
Culture and personality” was a focus of anthropology and psychology in the first half of the 20th century. It was concerned with traditional and preliterate societies and drew many of its constructs from psychoanalysis. In this article, we note that taxonomies of personality traits and cultural values developed independently since 1980 have created new possibilities for exploring the topic. The Five-Factor Model of personality is a universally va…
Dimensions do not exist
Consensus Societies with Their Own Character
Culture's Recent Consequences
Temperature, Cultural Masculinity, and Domestic Political Violence
Cross-national data sets were used to examine the association between ambient temperature and internal political violence in 136 countries between 1948 and 1977. Political riots and armed attacks occur more frequently in warm countries than in both cold and hot countries, after controlling for effects of population size and density and levels of socioeconomic development and democracy. National differences on the cultural masculinity dimension, h…
Attitudes, Values and Organizational Culture
Sentiments collected through paper-and-pencil surveys are often arbitrarily classified according to categories imposed by the researcher, such as attitudes, values, and manifestations of organizational culture. The question is, to what extent are such classifications supported by the distinctions that respondents make in their own minds? In this paper, distinctions between categories of sentiments are supported empirically from the results of an …
Observations on Mendleson, et al. 's Intercultural Tolerance Scale
Three observations are made with regard to Mendleson, et al.'s 1997 paper proposing an Intercultural Tolerance Scale. The proposed test misses inputs from other cultures, it hardly shows proof of validity, and the paper cites sources which the authors evidently did not read
Observations on Mendleson, Et Al.'b Intercultural Tolerance Scale
Three observations are made with regard to Mendleson, et al.'s 1997 paper proposing an Intercultural Tolerance Scale. The proposed test misses inputs from other cultures, it hardly shows proof of validity, and the paper cites sources which the authors evidently did not read
A Case for Comparing Apples with Oranges Intemational Differences in Values
The Nature of Across Nations Comparisons are odorous (Shakespeare, Much Ado about Nothing, III, v, 18) Popular wisdom deems that one cannot compare apples with oranges. But what do we mean by 'compare'? Both Oxford and Webster Dictionaries(1) give two meanings to word: (1) liken, regard as similar; and (2) examine in order to observe similarities or differences. It is obvious that general interpretation of word refers to first meaning, and that s…
Riding the waves
Europe versus Asia
Two major contrasts between Western and Eastern thought are discussed. Eastern people put a value on long-term thinking. They do not regard the search for certainty as important but accept multiple interpretations as simultaneously valid
Riding the waves of commerce
Dimensionalizing Cultures
This article describes briefly the Hofstede model of six dimensions of national cultures: Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism/Collectivism, Masculinity/Femininity, Long/Short Term Orientation, and Indulgence/Restraint. It shows the conceptual and research efforts that preceded it and led up to it, and once it had become a paradigm for comparing cultures, research efforts that followed and built on it. The article stresses that di…
Personality and Culture Revisited
Culture and personality” was a focus of anthropology and psychology in the first half of the 20th century. It was concerned with traditional and preliterate societies and drew many of its constructs from psychoanalysis. In this article, we note that taxonomies of personality traits and cultural values developed independently since 1980 have created new possibilities for exploring the topic. The Five-Factor Model of personality is a universally va…
Hofstede's Culture Dimensions
Ng et al. (1982) collected data among students in nine Asian and Pacific countries using a modified version of the Rokeach Value Survey. Their data were reanalyzed by the present authors through an ecological factor analysis that produced five factors. Six of the countries covered also appear in Hofstede's (1983) extended study of work-related values among employees of a multinational corporation in 53 countries and regions. For the overlapping c…
Cultural differences in teaching and learning
National Cultures Revisited
Anthropology can make a holistic contribution to the study of the com plex societies of today's nations, by identifying key issues, relevant to both the in dividual and the social system, on which these nations differ in empirically verifiable ways. This is labelled the "national cultures approach" and can be con sidered an extension, with a broader purpose and more effective research methods, of the "national character" approach of the 1950's. T…
Culture's Recent Consequences
Dimensions do not exist
Hofstede's Fifth Dimension
Based on research with Bond's Chinese Values Survey (CVS) across 23 countries, Hofstede added a fifth dimension, Long- versus Short-Term Orientation (LTO), to his earlier four IBM-based dimensions of national cultures. The authors attempted to replicate this dimension by analyzing World Values Survey (WVS) items that seemed to capture the concept of LTO. Their factor analysis of 10 such items across 38 countries resulted in two factors. One was s…
Comparing Regional Cultures Within a Country
In this joint article we test the common assumption that a measure of culture developed for the national level can also be used for comparing regions within a country. Three different research projects independently measured culture differences within the Federal Republic of Brazil, all three using a version of Hofstede's Values Survey Module (VSM). The largest provided separate scores for all of Brazil's 27 states, the next largest for 17 of the…
Temperature, Cultural Masculinity, and Domestic Political Violence
Cross-national data sets were used to examine the association between ambient temperature and internal political violence in 136 countries between 1948 and 1977. Political riots and armed attacks occur more frequently in warm countries than in both cold and hot countries, after controlling for effects of population size and density and levels of socioeconomic development and democracy. National differences on the cultural masculinity dimension, h…
Is National Culture a Meaningful Concept
Although many cross-cultural studies have used nations as the units of analysis, the concept of national culture has been challenged on various grounds. One objection is that there may be significant cultural diversity within some countries and similarities across national borders, compromising the concept of national culture. This objection has little empirical support. We used latest World Values Survey data and found that 299 in-country region…
A Case for Comparing Apples with Oranges Intemational Differences in Values
The Nature of Across Nations Comparisons are odorous (Shakespeare, Much Ado about Nothing, III, v, 18) Popular wisdom deems that one cannot compare apples with oranges. But what do we mean by 'compare'? Both Oxford and Webster Dictionaries(1) give two meanings to word: (1) liken, regard as similar; and (2) examine in order to observe similarities or differences. It is obvious that general interpretation of word refers to first meaning, and that s…
The Boundaries of Culture
Cultural phenomena are usually viewed as possessing some temporal stability. Measured properly, the dimensions that they yield have convincing predictive properties and create clear geographic or economic clusters of countries. Using these criteria, we assess the nature of 10 World Values Survey items that address societal norms. We find that they form two factors at the ecological level. Only one of these (personal-sexual) is unambiguously a cul…
A replication of Hofstede’s uncertainty avoidance dimension across nationally representative samples from Europe
Despite the great interest in Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture, some of them have not been replicated with nationally representative samples. In this study, we use 2010 European Social Survey data for 25 European countries and Israel and obtain a close replication of Hofstede’s uncertainty avoidance ( r = 0.81, p < 0.001, n = 17) with strong face validity, internal reliability, and similar predictive properties to those of the original m…
Clustering of 316 European Regions on Measures of Values
The use of nations as units of analysis in cross-cultural studies is a controversial approach as nations may not be culturally homogeneous. However, a recent study by Minkov and Hofstede found that African, Asian, Latin American, and Anglo in-country regions tended to form homogeneous and distinct national clusters on World Values Survey (WVS) items. We extend this research to European regions, as well as randomly formed nationally homogeneous gr…
Consensus Societies with Their Own Character
Culture's consequences and the police
This paper deals with cultural and organizational differences between police forces in Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands. It emphasizes the significance of these differences for the up to now not very well elaborated cross‐border cooperation in border‐areas. As the increment of crime‐related border traffic necessitates cross‐border collaboration on a more structural base, it is needed that several measures should be taken. These measures shoul…
Gender Stereotypes and Partner Preferences of Asian Women in Masculine and Feminine Cultures
A Japanese market research unit, Wacoal, has published a survey among single working women aged 20-30 years in Bangkok, Beijing, Hong Kong, Jakarta, Seoul, Singapore, Taipei, and Tokyo. Gender stereotypes as found in the Wacoal survey have been correlated with Masculinity Index scores from Hofstede's IBM studies. In the more masculine cultures, as compared to the more feminine ones, sense of responsibility, decisiveness, liveliness, and ambitious…
Riding the waves of commerce
Work Goals of Migrant Workers
Riding the waves
Work Goals of Migrant Workers
Culture's consequences
"This important book is based on a monumental study of the sales subsidiaries of a major multinational corporation which operates in 39 countries in the world. Since, in all countries, the respondents do the same work . . . and since the formal organization structure is the same everywhere, the important differences found in work attitudes and values can be ascribed to cultural differences among the countries. The author found four major dimensio…
Culture and Organizations
(1980). Culture and Organizations. International Studies of Management & Organization: Vol. 10, Organizations and Societies, pp. 15-41.
Culture's Consequences
The Cultural Relativity of Organizational Practices and Theories
National Cultures Revisited
Anthropology can make a holistic contribution to the study of the com plex societies of today's nations, by identifying key issues, relevant to both the in dividual and the social system, on which these nations differ in empirically verifiable ways. This is labelled the "national cultures approach" and can be con sidered an extension, with a broader purpose and more effective research methods, of the "national character" approach of the 1950's. T…
Hofstede's Culture Dimensions
Ng et al. (1982) collected data among students in nine Asian and Pacific countries using a modified version of the Rokeach Value Survey. Their data were reanalyzed by the present authors through an ecological factor analysis that produced five factors. Six of the countries covered also appear in Hofstede's (1983) extended study of work-related values among employees of a multinational corporation in 53 countries and regions. For the overlapping c…
Cultural differences in teaching and learning
The Confucius connection
Measuring Organizational Cultures
Cultural constraints in management theories
Executive Overview Management as the word is presently used is an American invention. In other parts of the world not only the practices but the entire concept of management may differ, and the theories needed to understand it, may deviate considerably from what is considered normal and desirable in the USA. The reader is invited on a trip around the world, and both local management practices and theories are explained from the different contexts…
The business of international business is culture
Multilevel Research of Human Systems
Two past research projects are presented as case studies how shifts to a different level of analysis produced remarkable results. In the first project a jump from the individual to the country level related psychological data to a range of other disciplines, with consequences for psychology as well. In the second a shift from the organizational to the individual level linked a sociological study to current concerns in individual psychology. These…
Culture's consequences and the police
This paper deals with cultural and organizational differences between police forces in Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands. It emphasizes the significance of these differences for the up to now not very well elaborated cross‐border cooperation in border‐areas. As the increment of crime‐related border traffic necessitates cross‐border collaboration on a more structural base, it is needed that several measures should be taken. These measures shoul…
Europe versus Asia
Two major contrasts between Western and Eastern thought are discussed. Eastern people put a value on long-term thinking. They do not regard the search for certainty as important but accept multiple interpretations as simultaneously valid
Riding the waves of commerce
Gender Stereotypes and Partner Preferences of Asian Women in Masculine and Feminine Cultures
A Japanese market research unit, Wacoal, has published a survey among single working women aged 20-30 years in Bangkok, Beijing, Hong Kong, Jakarta, Seoul, Singapore, Taipei, and Tokyo. Gender stereotypes as found in the Wacoal survey have been correlated with Masculinity Index scores from Hofstede's IBM studies. In the more masculine cultures, as compared to the more feminine ones, sense of responsibility, decisiveness, liveliness, and ambitious…
Riding the waves
Attitudes, Values and Organizational Culture
Sentiments collected through paper-and-pencil surveys are often arbitrarily classified according to categories imposed by the researcher, such as attitudes, values, and manifestations of organizational culture. The question is, to what extent are such classifications supported by the distinctions that respondents make in their own minds? In this paper, distinctions between categories of sentiments are supported empirically from the results of an …
Observations on Mendleson, et al. 's Intercultural Tolerance Scale
Three observations are made with regard to Mendleson, et al.'s 1997 paper proposing an Intercultural Tolerance Scale. The proposed test misses inputs from other cultures, it hardly shows proof of validity, and the paper cites sources which the authors evidently did not read
Observations on Mendleson, Et Al.'b Intercultural Tolerance Scale
Three observations are made with regard to Mendleson, et al.'s 1997 paper proposing an Intercultural Tolerance Scale. The proposed test misses inputs from other cultures, it hardly shows proof of validity, and the paper cites sources which the authors evidently did not read
A Case for Comparing Apples with Oranges Intemational Differences in Values
The Nature of Across Nations Comparisons are odorous (Shakespeare, Much Ado about Nothing, III, v, 18) Popular wisdom deems that one cannot compare apples with oranges. But what do we mean by 'compare'? Both Oxford and Webster Dictionaries(1) give two meanings to word: (1) liken, regard as similar; and (2) examine in order to observe similarities or differences. It is obvious that general interpretation of word refers to first meaning, and that s…
Temperature, Cultural Masculinity, and Domestic Political Violence
Cross-national data sets were used to examine the association between ambient temperature and internal political violence in 136 countries between 1948 and 1977. Political riots and armed attacks occur more frequently in warm countries than in both cold and hot countries, after controlling for effects of population size and density and levels of socioeconomic development and democracy. National differences on the cultural masculinity dimension, h…
Culture's Recent Consequences
Dimensions do not exist
Sociology (27 obras) · Political science (22 obras) · Psychology (22 obras) · Cultural Differences and Values (19 obras) · Social Psychology (18 obras) · Social Psychology (14 obras) · Law (13 obras) · Mathematics (13 obras) · Economics (12 obras) · Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory (12 obras)