Pascal Murail
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 86282 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Pascal Murail |
| NOMBRES | Pascal |
| APELLIDO | Murail |
| FIRMA | MURAIL P |
| AFILIACIONES | Université de Bordeaux |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 23 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 287 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 23 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1993 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2017 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Validation and reliability of the sex estimation of the human os coxae using freely available DSP2 software for bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology
OBJECTIVES: A new tool for skeletal sex estimation based on measurements of the human os coxae is presented using skeletons from a metapopulation of identified adult individuals from twelve independent population samples. For reliable sex estimation, a posterior probability greater than 0.95 was considered to be the classification threshold: below this value, estimates are considered indeterminate. By providing free software, we aim to develop an…
The earliest dental prosthesis in Celtic Gaul? The case of an Iron Age burial at Le Chêne, France
The discovery of an iron pin in place of an upper incisor tooth from a La Tène burial at Le Chêne in northern France may represent one of the earliest examples of a dental implant in Western Europe. The body was that of a young woman who had been buried in a richly furnished timber chamber. The iron pin may have been inserted during life to replace a lost tooth, or before burial to restore the visual integrity of the corpse. The concept of the de…
Oral exostoses
International audience
La nécropole Néolithique de Skhirat (Maroc)
La nécropole néolithique de Skhirat, découverte en 1980, est le plus important ensemble funéraire connu du néolithique moyen du Maroc septentrional. Incluse dans un cordon littoral récent de la façade atlantique, elle est composée de 87 tombes primaires et de 14 dépôts mobiliers, représentant une opportunité unique de discuter le fonctionnement d’une nécropole néolithique, tant au niveau de la composition de l’échantillon inhumé que de l’organisa…
Microévolution d'une population historique sur les rives de l'estuaire de la Gironde
Le site « La Chapelle » de Jau-Dignac et Loirac (33), dans le Bas-Médoc, est installé dans un environnement particulier et instable, sur un ancien îlot entouré de marécages près des bords de l'estuaire de la Gironde. Pourtant, ce site témoigne de quatre occupations principales, qui vont de l'Antiquité à l'époque moderne. Afin d'en savoir plus sur la continuité ou non du peuplement et sur l'organisation des espaces funéraires, nous avons étudié 24…
Human ancient and extant mtDNA from the Gambier Islands (French polynesia)
Molecular anthropology has been widely used to infer the origin and processes of the colonization of Polynesia. However, there are still a lack of representative geographical studies of Eastern Polynesia and unchallenged genetic data about ancient Polynesian people. The absence of both of these elements prevents an accurate description of the demographic processes of internal dispersion within the Polynesian triangle. This study provides a twofol…
Une ou deux nécropoles monumentales à Passy ? Identité biologique et recrutement des défunts
Les structures monumentales de la nécropole Cerny de Passy (Yonne) ont livré 30 individus, qui se répartissent pour moitié entre le secteur nord, " La Sablonnière", et le secteur sud " Richebourg". Depuis les travaux de terrain menés entre 1982 et 1985, l’analyse de la composition de cet échantillon sur des critères d’âge et de sexe n’avait encore jamais été réalisée. Menée à l’échelle globale de la nécropole, la distribution des hommes et des fe…
Unpacking burial and rank
Examining the earliest grand mortuary monuments of the Neolithic, the authors question the assumption that they mark the resting place of society's higher ranks. Using the skeletal remains, the grave goods and the burial rites, they find no great differences in commemoration between the monumental cemeteries, with their long barrows, and the flat graves, without structures. In this analysis, the children proved to be the most vivid players: while…
La nécropole du Néolithique moyen de Sur les Pâtureaux à Chichery (Yonne)
La nécropole de Sur les Pâtureaux à Chichery a été explorée entre 1981 et 1984 par J.-L. Tainturier puis par J.-P. Delor. Treize sépultures ont été mises au jour sur 600 m2, les limites du gisement n’étant vraisemblablement pas atteintes. Ces sépultures se rattachent essentiellement au type Balloy, reconnu dans une dizaine de gisements du Bassin parisien. Elles associent une architecture à même la fosse et un défunt inséré dans un contenant mobil…
Comparison between morphological and genetic data to estimate biological relationship
Osseous and dental nonmetric (discrete) traits have long been used to assess population variability and affinity in anthropological and archaeological contexts. However, the full extent to which nonmetric traits can reliably be used as a proxy for genetic data when assessing close or familial relationships is currently poorly understood. This study represents the unique opportunity to directly compare genetic and nonmetric data for the same indiv…
Complete Mitochondrial Sequences for Haplogroups M23 and M46
Through the sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genome of three individuals of Malagasy ancestry, we completed the characterization of the island southeastern Asian specific M46 haplogroup. We assumed that the association of the np 3588 and np 16278 polymorphisms were M46 specific. In addition, we characterized a novel basal M subhaplogroup: M23. This clade can be defined by one coding region transition at np 10295 and one control region tra…
Aménagement d'ossuaires dans le baptistère paléochrétien de Brioude (Haute-Loire)
The baptistery of Brioude is today a unique monument in Auvergne. It was associated with the sanctuary housing the relics of Saint Julien, which dates to the early Middle Ages. During its period of use, the baptistery provided for intra muros burial. This is a unique occurrence in Merovingian Gaul.Two phases of funerary use could be identified from the regularity with which the remains had been treated. The first, dating from the 6th century AD, …
DSP
Determination of the sex of human bone remains represents a crucial stage in any palaeoanthropological study. The palaeobiological or palaeoethnological interpretations depend on its reliability. It is acknowledged that the adult hip-bone (os coxae) is by far the best non-population-specific indicator for reliable sex determination of adults. However, we clarify here a certain number of limitations which lower the reliability and ease of applicat…
Is the first rib a reliable indicator of age at death assessment? Test of the method developed by Kunos et al (1999)
An infant cemetery of the Classic Kerma period (1750-1500 BC, Island of Saï, Sudan)
Excavation of a Classic Kerma cemetery in Sudan revealed a number of burials segregated by age, throwing into question a presumed disregard for the burial of the young. Burial rites were varied according to the age of the deceased and show a remarkable concern for the ritual burial of infants and the stillborn
Révision du sexe du squelette magdalénien de Saint-Germain-la-Riviere (Gironde, France)
Cette note concerne la détermination du sexe du squelette magdalénien de Saint- Germain-la-Rivière (Gironde) à partir de l’os coxal selon deux méthodes, la première morphologique, la seconde morphométrique dont la fiabilité très élevée a été testée par ailleurs. Cette double analyse indique sans ambiguïté que le squelette de Saint - Germain - la - Rivière appartient à un adulte jeune de sexe féminin
La population natoufienne de Mallaha (Eynan, Israël)
The reappraisal of the anthropological Natufian collection from Mallaha (12 000-10 300 BP), the largest available, includes all of the skeletons discovered from the 1950's up to the last campaign. The estimation of the number of individuals (N=102) and their age at death yields a new paleodemographic analysis, not for the assessment of a Natufian mortality pattern, but rather to recognize anomalous demographic patterns and determine possible crit…
The man, the woman and the hyoid bone
A man and a woman were found in a double burial dating from the 1st century BC and located in a Xiongnu burial site in northern Mongolia. An offering box at the head of the man's coffin contained both remains of domestic animals and a human hyoid bone. The skeleton of the man was complete whereas the woman's hyoid bone was missing. The isolated hyoid bone could belong to the buried woman, which suggests the removal of her tongue and probably her …
Microévolution d'une population historique. Étude des caractères discrets de la population de Missiminia (Soudan, IIIe-VIe siècle)
Crubezy Éric, Telmon Norbert, Sevin André, Picard Jacques, Rougé Daniel, Larrouy Georges, Braga José, Ludes Bertrand, Murail Pascal. Microévolution d'une population historique. Étude des caractères discrets de la population de Missiminia (Soudan, IIIe-VIe siècle). In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 11 fascicule 1-2, 1999. pp. 1-213
A new approach to sexual diagnosis in past populations. Practical adjustments from Van Vark's procedure
Determination of sex is a key aspect in the study of past populations. Bias in skeletal sexing is well known, however, and depends upon the completeness of the skeletal remains and the representativeness of reference samples. In order to correct these difficulties, the authors propose practical adjustments to Van Vark's well-known procedure. Two fundamental aspects are considered to reduce the bias of sex allocation. First, we propose to increase…
A new approach to sexual diagnosis in past populations. Practical adjustments from Van Vark's procedure
Determination of sex is a key aspect in the study of past populations. Bias in skeletal sexing is well known, however, and depends upon the completeness of the skeletal remains and the representativeness of reference samples. In order to correct these difficulties, the authors propose practical adjustments to Van Vark's well-known procedure. Two fundamental aspects are considered to reduce the bias of sex allocation. First, we propose to increase…
Etablissement des nouvelles fonctions discriminantes a partir de l'os coxal applicables dans d'autres populations
L'artic le présente une serie de fonctions discriminantes calculées à partir d'un échantillon mixte de 220 os coxaux de sexe connu d'origine anglaise et portugaise. Nous avons confirmé la possibilité de simplifier la technique de mensuration de la grande échancrure sciatique dans l'ensemble des fonctions discriminantes performantes déjà proposées (Novotny, 1975; Bruzek, 1992). D'autre part, la substitution de certaines dimensions par des dimensio…
Approche paléodémographique et division de l'espace funéraire
Murail Pascal, Raynaud Claude. Approche paléodémographique et division de l'espace funéraire : les nécropoles des VI-VIIIe siècles de Lunel-Viel (Hérault). In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 5 fascicule 1-2, 1993. pp. 209-216
DSP
Determination of the sex of human bone remains represents a crucial stage in any palaeoanthropological study. The palaeobiological or palaeoethnological interpretations depend on its reliability. It is acknowledged that the adult hip-bone (os coxae) is by far the best non-population-specific indicator for reliable sex determination of adults. However, we clarify here a certain number of limitations which lower the reliability and ease of applicat…
Validation and reliability of the sex estimation of the human os coxae using freely available DSP2 software for bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology
OBJECTIVES: A new tool for skeletal sex estimation based on measurements of the human os coxae is presented using skeletons from a metapopulation of identified adult individuals from twelve independent population samples. For reliable sex estimation, a posterior probability greater than 0.95 was considered to be the classification threshold: below this value, estimates are considered indeterminate. By providing free software, we aim to develop an…
Comparison between morphological and genetic data to estimate biological relationship
Osseous and dental nonmetric (discrete) traits have long been used to assess population variability and affinity in anthropological and archaeological contexts. However, the full extent to which nonmetric traits can reliably be used as a proxy for genetic data when assessing close or familial relationships is currently poorly understood. This study represents the unique opportunity to directly compare genetic and nonmetric data for the same indiv…
La population natoufienne de Mallaha (Eynan, Israël)
The reappraisal of the anthropological Natufian collection from Mallaha (12 000-10 300 BP), the largest available, includes all of the skeletons discovered from the 1950's up to the last campaign. The estimation of the number of individuals (N=102) and their age at death yields a new paleodemographic analysis, not for the assessment of a Natufian mortality pattern, but rather to recognize anomalous demographic patterns and determine possible crit…
An infant cemetery of the Classic Kerma period (1750-1500 BC, Island of Saï, Sudan)
Excavation of a Classic Kerma cemetery in Sudan revealed a number of burials segregated by age, throwing into question a presumed disregard for the burial of the young. Burial rites were varied according to the age of the deceased and show a remarkable concern for the ritual burial of infants and the stillborn
The man, the woman and the hyoid bone
A man and a woman were found in a double burial dating from the 1st century BC and located in a Xiongnu burial site in northern Mongolia. An offering box at the head of the man's coffin contained both remains of domestic animals and a human hyoid bone. The skeleton of the man was complete whereas the woman's hyoid bone was missing. The isolated hyoid bone could belong to the buried woman, which suggests the removal of her tongue and probably her …
Unpacking burial and rank
Examining the earliest grand mortuary monuments of the Neolithic, the authors question the assumption that they mark the resting place of society's higher ranks. Using the skeletal remains, the grave goods and the burial rites, they find no great differences in commemoration between the monumental cemeteries, with their long barrows, and the flat graves, without structures. In this analysis, the children proved to be the most vivid players: while…
Complete Mitochondrial Sequences for Haplogroups M23 and M46
Through the sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genome of three individuals of Malagasy ancestry, we completed the characterization of the island southeastern Asian specific M46 haplogroup. We assumed that the association of the np 3588 and np 16278 polymorphisms were M46 specific. In addition, we characterized a novel basal M subhaplogroup: M23. This clade can be defined by one coding region transition at np 10295 and one control region tra…
La nécropole du Néolithique moyen de Sur les Pâtureaux à Chichery (Yonne)
La nécropole de Sur les Pâtureaux à Chichery a été explorée entre 1981 et 1984 par J.-L. Tainturier puis par J.-P. Delor. Treize sépultures ont été mises au jour sur 600 m2, les limites du gisement n’étant vraisemblablement pas atteintes. Ces sépultures se rattachent essentiellement au type Balloy, reconnu dans une dizaine de gisements du Bassin parisien. Elles associent une architecture à même la fosse et un défunt inséré dans un contenant mobil…
La nécropole Néolithique de Skhirat (Maroc)
La nécropole néolithique de Skhirat, découverte en 1980, est le plus important ensemble funéraire connu du néolithique moyen du Maroc septentrional. Incluse dans un cordon littoral récent de la façade atlantique, elle est composée de 87 tombes primaires et de 14 dépôts mobiliers, représentant une opportunité unique de discuter le fonctionnement d’une nécropole néolithique, tant au niveau de la composition de l’échantillon inhumé que de l’organisa…
Oral exostoses
International audience
Approche paléodémographique et division de l'espace funéraire
Murail Pascal, Raynaud Claude. Approche paléodémographique et division de l'espace funéraire : les nécropoles des VI-VIIIe siècles de Lunel-Viel (Hérault). In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 5 fascicule 1-2, 1993. pp. 209-216
Etablissement des nouvelles fonctions discriminantes a partir de l'os coxal applicables dans d'autres populations
L'artic le présente une serie de fonctions discriminantes calculées à partir d'un échantillon mixte de 220 os coxaux de sexe connu d'origine anglaise et portugaise. Nous avons confirmé la possibilité de simplifier la technique de mensuration de la grande échancrure sciatique dans l'ensemble des fonctions discriminantes performantes déjà proposées (Novotny, 1975; Bruzek, 1992). D'autre part, la substitution de certaines dimensions par des dimensio…
Microévolution d'une population historique. Étude des caractères discrets de la population de Missiminia (Soudan, IIIe-VIe siècle)
Crubezy Éric, Telmon Norbert, Sevin André, Picard Jacques, Rougé Daniel, Larrouy Georges, Braga José, Ludes Bertrand, Murail Pascal. Microévolution d'une population historique. Étude des caractères discrets de la population de Missiminia (Soudan, IIIe-VIe siècle). In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 11 fascicule 1-2, 1999. pp. 1-213
A new approach to sexual diagnosis in past populations. Practical adjustments from Van Vark's procedure
Determination of sex is a key aspect in the study of past populations. Bias in skeletal sexing is well known, however, and depends upon the completeness of the skeletal remains and the representativeness of reference samples. In order to correct these difficulties, the authors propose practical adjustments to Van Vark's well-known procedure. Two fundamental aspects are considered to reduce the bias of sex allocation. First, we propose to increase…
A new approach to sexual diagnosis in past populations. Practical adjustments from Van Vark's procedure
Determination of sex is a key aspect in the study of past populations. Bias in skeletal sexing is well known, however, and depends upon the completeness of the skeletal remains and the representativeness of reference samples. In order to correct these difficulties, the authors propose practical adjustments to Van Vark's well-known procedure. Two fundamental aspects are considered to reduce the bias of sex allocation. First, we propose to increase…
The man, the woman and the hyoid bone
A man and a woman were found in a double burial dating from the 1st century BC and located in a Xiongnu burial site in northern Mongolia. An offering box at the head of the man's coffin contained both remains of domestic animals and a human hyoid bone. The skeleton of the man was complete whereas the woman's hyoid bone was missing. The isolated hyoid bone could belong to the buried woman, which suggests the removal of her tongue and probably her …
La population natoufienne de Mallaha (Eynan, Israël)
The reappraisal of the anthropological Natufian collection from Mallaha (12 000-10 300 BP), the largest available, includes all of the skeletons discovered from the 1950's up to the last campaign. The estimation of the number of individuals (N=102) and their age at death yields a new paleodemographic analysis, not for the assessment of a Natufian mortality pattern, but rather to recognize anomalous demographic patterns and determine possible crit…
Révision du sexe du squelette magdalénien de Saint-Germain-la-Riviere (Gironde, France)
Cette note concerne la détermination du sexe du squelette magdalénien de Saint- Germain-la-Rivière (Gironde) à partir de l’os coxal selon deux méthodes, la première morphologique, la seconde morphométrique dont la fiabilité très élevée a été testée par ailleurs. Cette double analyse indique sans ambiguïté que le squelette de Saint - Germain - la - Rivière appartient à un adulte jeune de sexe féminin
Is the first rib a reliable indicator of age at death assessment? Test of the method developed by Kunos et al (1999)
An infant cemetery of the Classic Kerma period (1750-1500 BC, Island of Saï, Sudan)
Excavation of a Classic Kerma cemetery in Sudan revealed a number of burials segregated by age, throwing into question a presumed disregard for the burial of the young. Burial rites were varied according to the age of the deceased and show a remarkable concern for the ritual burial of infants and the stillborn
DSP
Determination of the sex of human bone remains represents a crucial stage in any palaeoanthropological study. The palaeobiological or palaeoethnological interpretations depend on its reliability. It is acknowledged that the adult hip-bone (os coxae) is by far the best non-population-specific indicator for reliable sex determination of adults. However, we clarify here a certain number of limitations which lower the reliability and ease of applicat…
Complete Mitochondrial Sequences for Haplogroups M23 and M46
Through the sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genome of three individuals of Malagasy ancestry, we completed the characterization of the island southeastern Asian specific M46 haplogroup. We assumed that the association of the np 3588 and np 16278 polymorphisms were M46 specific. In addition, we characterized a novel basal M subhaplogroup: M23. This clade can be defined by one coding region transition at np 10295 and one control region tra…
Aménagement d'ossuaires dans le baptistère paléochrétien de Brioude (Haute-Loire)
The baptistery of Brioude is today a unique monument in Auvergne. It was associated with the sanctuary housing the relics of Saint Julien, which dates to the early Middle Ages. During its period of use, the baptistery provided for intra muros burial. This is a unique occurrence in Merovingian Gaul.Two phases of funerary use could be identified from the regularity with which the remains had been treated. The first, dating from the 6th century AD, …
La nécropole du Néolithique moyen de Sur les Pâtureaux à Chichery (Yonne)
La nécropole de Sur les Pâtureaux à Chichery a été explorée entre 1981 et 1984 par J.-L. Tainturier puis par J.-P. Delor. Treize sépultures ont été mises au jour sur 600 m2, les limites du gisement n’étant vraisemblablement pas atteintes. Ces sépultures se rattachent essentiellement au type Balloy, reconnu dans une dizaine de gisements du Bassin parisien. Elles associent une architecture à même la fosse et un défunt inséré dans un contenant mobil…
Comparison between morphological and genetic data to estimate biological relationship
Osseous and dental nonmetric (discrete) traits have long been used to assess population variability and affinity in anthropological and archaeological contexts. However, the full extent to which nonmetric traits can reliably be used as a proxy for genetic data when assessing close or familial relationships is currently poorly understood. This study represents the unique opportunity to directly compare genetic and nonmetric data for the same indiv…
Human ancient and extant mtDNA from the Gambier Islands (French polynesia)
Molecular anthropology has been widely used to infer the origin and processes of the colonization of Polynesia. However, there are still a lack of representative geographical studies of Eastern Polynesia and unchallenged genetic data about ancient Polynesian people. The absence of both of these elements prevents an accurate description of the demographic processes of internal dispersion within the Polynesian triangle. This study provides a twofol…
Une ou deux nécropoles monumentales à Passy ? Identité biologique et recrutement des défunts
Les structures monumentales de la nécropole Cerny de Passy (Yonne) ont livré 30 individus, qui se répartissent pour moitié entre le secteur nord, " La Sablonnière", et le secteur sud " Richebourg". Depuis les travaux de terrain menés entre 1982 et 1985, l’analyse de la composition de cet échantillon sur des critères d’âge et de sexe n’avait encore jamais été réalisée. Menée à l’échelle globale de la nécropole, la distribution des hommes et des fe…
Unpacking burial and rank
Examining the earliest grand mortuary monuments of the Neolithic, the authors question the assumption that they mark the resting place of society's higher ranks. Using the skeletal remains, the grave goods and the burial rites, they find no great differences in commemoration between the monumental cemeteries, with their long barrows, and the flat graves, without structures. In this analysis, the children proved to be the most vivid players: while…
Microévolution d'une population historique sur les rives de l'estuaire de la Gironde
Le site « La Chapelle » de Jau-Dignac et Loirac (33), dans le Bas-Médoc, est installé dans un environnement particulier et instable, sur un ancien îlot entouré de marécages près des bords de l'estuaire de la Gironde. Pourtant, ce site témoigne de quatre occupations principales, qui vont de l'Antiquité à l'époque moderne. Afin d'en savoir plus sur la continuité ou non du peuplement et sur l'organisation des espaces funéraires, nous avons étudié 24…
The earliest dental prosthesis in Celtic Gaul? The case of an Iron Age burial at Le Chêne, France
The discovery of an iron pin in place of an upper incisor tooth from a La Tène burial at Le Chêne in northern France may represent one of the earliest examples of a dental implant in Western Europe. The body was that of a young woman who had been buried in a richly furnished timber chamber. The iron pin may have been inserted during life to replace a lost tooth, or before burial to restore the visual integrity of the corpse. The concept of the de…
Oral exostoses
International audience
La nécropole Néolithique de Skhirat (Maroc)
La nécropole néolithique de Skhirat, découverte en 1980, est le plus important ensemble funéraire connu du néolithique moyen du Maroc septentrional. Incluse dans un cordon littoral récent de la façade atlantique, elle est composée de 87 tombes primaires et de 14 dépôts mobiliers, représentant une opportunité unique de discuter le fonctionnement d’une nécropole néolithique, tant au niveau de la composition de l’échantillon inhumé que de l’organisa…
Validation and reliability of the sex estimation of the human os coxae using freely available DSP2 software for bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology
OBJECTIVES: A new tool for skeletal sex estimation based on measurements of the human os coxae is presented using skeletons from a metapopulation of identified adult individuals from twelve independent population samples. For reliable sex estimation, a posterior probability greater than 0.95 was considered to be the classification threshold: below this value, estimates are considered indeterminate. By providing free software, we aim to develop an…
Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (13 obras) · Art (10 obras) · Geography (10 obras) · Humanities (9 obras) · Biology (8 obras) · Archaeology (7 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (7 obras) · Demography (7 obras) · Population (7 obras) · Forensic and Genetic Research (6 obras)