Ling-Xin Hao
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 87454 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Ling-Xin Hao |
| NOMBRES | Ling-Xin |
| APELLIDO | Hao |
| FIRMA | HAO L |
| AFILIACIONES | Johns Hopkins University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4694-0917 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 42 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 748 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 42 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1989 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 15 |
Spectral Estimation of Large Stochastic Blockmodels with Discrete Nodal Covariates
In many applications of network analysis, it is important to distinguish between observed and unobserved factors affecting network structure. We show that a network model with discrete unobserved link heterogeneity and binary (or discrete) covariates corresponds to a stochastic blockmodel (SBM). We develop a spectral estimator for the effect of covariates on link probabilities, exploiting the correspondence of SBMs and generalized random dot prod…
Gender difference in “second-shift” physical activity
The gendered organization of daily activities results in differential contexts of physical activity (PA) for the working population, especially during the "second shift" - a time window dominated by household-based activities. Existing research predominantly relies on self-reported leisure-time activities, yielding a partial understanding of gender difference in the source, timing, and accumulation pattern of PA. To address these limitations, thi…
Occupational determinants of physical activity at work
Occupation determines workers' physical activity (PA) in the workplace, an important health behavior contributing to health outcomes. However, self-reported measure limits our understanding of how occupational tasks differentiate workers' PA in terms of the type, frequency, intensity, and duration. In addition, accurate estimation of occupation-based PA during workers' actual working hours requires precise work schedule information. To address th…
China's College Expansion and the Timing of the College-to-Work Transition
This article examines the effect of China's 1999 acceleration of higher education expansion on when college graduates find their first skilled job. We use a natural experiment to test our hypotheses and exploit the unique education and work history data of a nationally representative survey, as well as estimate a causal inference model. We find that the 1999 education expansion caused a delay in the landing of a skilled job among graduates from t…
Maternal postpartum plasma folate status and preterm birth in a high-risk US population
Objective While maternal folate deficiency has been linked to poor pregnancy outcomes such as neural tube defects, anaemia and low birth weight, the relationship between folate and preterm birth (PTB) in the context of the US post-folic acid fortification era is inconclusive. We sought to explore the relationship between maternal folate status and PTB and its subtypes, i.e. spontaneous and medically indicated PTB. Design Observational study. Sett…
Sources of unequal cognitive development of middle-school students in China’s rural–urban migration era
This paper seeks to identify the major sources of unequal cognitive development of middle school students in China’s current rural–urban migration era. Under a framework that integrates theories of social stratification, migration, and sociology of education, we utilize data on a nationally representative sample of 9th graders and a standardized cognitive test to provide valid population patterns and explanations of cognitive development inequali…
Uneven Hedging of Economic Risks for a Skilled Workforce
Skilled immigration to the United States has been multi-channeled via legislations on permanent and temporary visa programs. This paper argues that skilled immigrants were not disadvantaged during the Great Recession because of a new hedging mechanism, which starts with the federal legislations that admit skilled nonimmigrants, proceeds to vest authority in employers, who perform rigorous screening and selection of temporary workers for future pe…
Parental Spending on School-Age Children
As consumption expenditures are increasingly recognized as direct measures of children’s material well-being, they provide new insights into the process of intergenerational transfers from parents to children. Little is known, however, about how parents allocate financial resources to individual children. To fill this gap, we develop a conceptual framework based on stratification theory, human capital theory, and the child-development perspective…
Rural Panel Surveys in Developing Countries
Rural panel surveys are the most appropriate means to provide data for studying the unprecedented rapid migration and urbanization currently taking place in China and other developing countries. To maximize heterogeneity in urbanization and development over the last three decades, we selected rural panel surveys from five Asian countries, including India, Indonesia, Nepal, Thailand, and China. This paper provides a selective review, focusing on t…
Admission-Group Salary Differentials in the United States
In 1990 a temporary-to-permanent pathway was established for highly skilled workers admitted to the United States under nonimmigrant programs. The paper argues that this policy shift has allowed employers to play a crucial role in the immigration of highly skilled workers, thereby creating labor-market institutional selection that gives a salary advantage to highly skilled temporary-admitted workers retained in the United States. Through analyses…
Cumulative Causation of Rural Migration and Initial Peri-Urbanization in China
This paper posits that rural migration feeds the high demand for cheap labor in peri-urbanization, which is driven by globalization, flows of foreign capital, and entrepreneurial local governments. While the gravity model and push/pull perspective ignore the dynamics of migratory course, we use the cumulative causation of migration theory to conceptualize social expectations for outmigration and social resources from migrant networks in destinati…
Linking dichotomous segregation with multi-group segregation
Assessing Inequality
"This monograpg reviews a set of widely used summary inequality measures, and the lesser known relative distribution method provides the basic rationale behind each measure and discusses their interconnections. It also introduces model-based decomposition of inequality over time using quantile regression. This approach enables researchers to estimate two different contributions to changes in inequality between two time points."--pub. desc
Immigration and the American Obesity Epidemic
Immigration is an important population dynamic at work in the U.S., but we know little about its impact on American obesity. Built on nutrition transition and immigration theories, this paper provides explanations for immigrants’ initial body composition advantage, its partial erosion over time, and the gender difference in the erosion. We find evidence that the American obesity epidemic would be much more severe without the mass immigration that…
The Role of School in the Upward Mobility of Disadvantaged Immigrants' Children
How can we explain exceptional advancement by disadvantaged immigrants' children? Extending segmented assimilation theory, this article traces the structural and relational attributes of high schools attended by young adults who reached their late twenties in 2000. Hypotheses are derived from theories in sociology of education and tested with four waves of data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS). The authors offer three major…
Games Parents and Adolescents Play
This paper examines parental reputation formation in intra-familial interactions. In a repeated two-stage game, children decide whether to drop out of high school or daughters decide whether to have births as teens and parents then decide whether to provide support to their children beyond age 18. Drawing on Milgrom and Roberts (1982) and Kreps and Wilson (1982), we show that, under certain conditions, parents have the incentive to penalize older…
Quantile Regression
Neighborhood and School Factors in the School Performance of Immigrants' Children
This article examines the effects of neighborhoods and schools on the achievement gaps between adolescents of different nativities and ethnicities. We show that neighborhood and school conditions are better for natives' than for immigrants' children, and they are the worst for Hispanic immigrants. Using cross-classified hierarchical models, we find that introducing neighborhood and school characteristics helps to account for the disadvantage of M…
Effects of child support and welfare policies on nonmarital teenage childbearing and motherhood
Family dynamics through childhood
The Roles of Parenting Styles and Social Capital in the School Performance of Immigrant Asian and Hispanic Adolescents
Objective. This study investigates the role of parenting styles and social capital (parental involvement, intergenerational closure, expectation, and trust) in accounting for school performance among ethnic groups and across immigrant generations. Methods. Using data from the Adolescent Health Survey, we estimate fixed‐effects models to analyze students' grade‐point averages. We compare three generations of Asian students and three generations of…
The schooling of children of immigrants
We supplement earlier published findings on the academic achievement of the immigrant second generation with an analysis of school contextual effects based on the same large data set used by the best-known prior analyses, the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study. A hierarchical model of contextual and individual-level effects on academic achievement and school attrition reveals patterns that reproduce those found in national student surveys …
Adolescents' formal employment and school enrollment
Variations in state welfare policies in the reform era may affect adolescents through two mechanisms: A competing labor market hypothesis posits that stringent state welfare policies may reduce adolescent employment; and a signaling hypothesis posits that stringent welfare policies may promote enrollment. To test these hypotheses, we use a dynamic joint model of adolescents' school enrollment and formal employment, separating state welfare polici…
Wealth of Immigrant and Native-Born Americans
This study hypothesizes nativity differences in the process of wealth accumulation with regards to accumulation rates, dissaving rates, the role of human capital, saving intention for children, and structural barriers to wealth accumulation. Based on an analysis of the 1992 and 1993 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), it reports four major findings. First, levels of net worth, life cycle patterns, and wealth component…
HIV status and union dissolution in Sub-saharan Africa
Little is known about the impact of HIV infection on the disruption of families through separation, divorce, and widowhood. Using life tables and multinomial logistic regression, this research examined the influence of HIV status on the risk of separation or divorce and widowhood among women in Rakai, Uganda. The multivariate results revealed that dissolution is more common among HIV-infected women and that infected women in HIV-discordant couple…
The price of uniformity
We examine the process of linguistic adaptation among children of immigrants and the extent to which distinct language types exist between foreign monolingualism and a full transition to English. While complete linguistic assimilation remains the normative outcome and is widely perceived as desirable, we examine alternative theories holding that selective rather than full acculturation is a preferable alternative for immigrant children and their …
Parent-Child Differences in Educational Expectations and the Academic Achievement of Immigrant and Native Students
This article argues that both parents' and children's educational expectations are spurred by between-family social capital and within-family social capital and that agreement between parents and children on educational expectations facilitates children's achievement. The analyses of eighth graders from four immigrant groups (Chinese, Filipino, Korean, and Mexican) and three native groups (Mexican, black, and white) indicate that high levels of p…
Neighborhood and School Factors in the School Performance of Immigrants' Children
This article examines the effects of neighborhoods and schools on the achievement gaps between adolescents of different nativities and ethnicities. We show that neighborhood and school conditions are better for natives' than for immigrants' children, and they are the worst for Hispanic immigrants. Using cross-classified hierarchical models, we find that introducing neighborhood and school characteristics helps to account for the disadvantage of M…
E Pluribus Unum
This study examined patterns of language adaptation by over 5,000 second-generation students in south Florida and southern California. It found that among most immigrant nationalities, knowledge of and preference for English is nearly universal, that only a minority remain fluent in their parents' languages, and there are wide variations among immigrant groups in the extent of their retention of these languages. The authors used multivariate and …
Race, Kin Networks, and Assistance to Mother-Headed Families
The Roles of Parenting Styles and Social Capital in the School Performance of Immigrant Asian and Hispanic Adolescents
Objective. This study investigates the role of parenting styles and social capital (parental involvement, intergenerational closure, expectation, and trust) in accounting for school performance among ethnic groups and across immigrant generations. Methods. Using data from the Adolescent Health Survey, we estimate fixed‐effects models to analyze students' grade‐point averages. We compare three generations of Asian students and three generations of…
Family Support Networks, Welfare, and Work among Young Mothers
Using 1984 data from a nationally representative sample of young black and white mothers, this research investigates kin networks, kin network support, and the consequences of this support for women's work. Most young mothers have access to nearby kin, and it is these kin who most often provide child care and income support. Young black mothers more often live near kin and receive child-care assistance from kin. When racial differences in marital…
The Complexity and Endogeneity of Family Structure in Explaining Children's Misbehavior
Family Structure, Private Transfers, and the Economic Well-Being of Families with Children
Journal Article Family Structure, Private Transfers, and the Economic Well-Being of Families with Children Get access Lingxin Hao Lingxin Hao University of Iowa Direct all correspondence to Lingxin Hao, Department of Sociology, University of Iowa, W140 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242. FAX: (319) 335-2509. E-mail: [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 75, Issue 1, S…
The Role of School in the Upward Mobility of Disadvantaged Immigrants' Children
How can we explain exceptional advancement by disadvantaged immigrants' children? Extending segmented assimilation theory, this article traces the structural and relational attributes of high schools attended by young adults who reached their late twenties in 2000. Hypotheses are derived from theories in sociology of education and tested with four waves of data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS). The authors offer three major…
Parental Spending on School-Age Children
As consumption expenditures are increasingly recognized as direct measures of children’s material well-being, they provide new insights into the process of intergenerational transfers from parents to children. Little is known, however, about how parents allocate financial resources to individual children. To fill this gap, we develop a conceptual framework based on stratification theory, human capital theory, and the child-development perspective…
Productive Activities and Support Systems of Single Mothers
Young single mothers' human capital development and labor market participation are important issues of public policy concern in the United States. This article uses a dynamic approach to model the determinants of single mothers' entry into and exit from productive activities. Using 14 waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the article shows that kin coresidence facilitates young single mothers' entry into productive activit…
HIV status and union dissolution in Sub-saharan Africa
Little is known about the impact of HIV infection on the disruption of families through separation, divorce, and widowhood. Using life tables and multinomial logistic regression, this research examined the influence of HIV status on the risk of separation or divorce and widowhood among women in Rakai, Uganda. The multivariate results revealed that dissolution is more common among HIV-infected women and that infected women in HIV-discordant couple…
Wealth of Immigrant and Native-Born Americans
This study hypothesizes nativity differences in the process of wealth accumulation with regards to accumulation rates, dissaving rates, the role of human capital, saving intention for children, and structural barriers to wealth accumulation. Based on an analysis of the 1992 and 1993 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), it reports four major findings. First, levels of net worth, life cycle patterns, and wealth component…
Cumulative Causation of Rural Migration and Initial Peri-Urbanization in China
This paper posits that rural migration feeds the high demand for cheap labor in peri-urbanization, which is driven by globalization, flows of foreign capital, and entrepreneurial local governments. While the gravity model and push/pull perspective ignore the dynamics of migratory course, we use the cumulative causation of migration theory to conceptualize social expectations for outmigration and social resources from migrant networks in destinati…
Games Parents and Adolescents Play
This paper examines parental reputation formation in intra-familial interactions. In a repeated two-stage game, children decide whether to drop out of high school or daughters decide whether to have births as teens and parents then decide whether to provide support to their children beyond age 18. Drawing on Milgrom and Roberts (1982) and Kreps and Wilson (1982), we show that, under certain conditions, parents have the incentive to penalize older…
Welfare Reform and Teenage Pregnancy, Childbirth, and School Dropout
This study estimates the effect of welfare reform on adolescent behaviors using a difference-in-differences approach. After defining the prereform and reform cohorts and considering the life course development of adolescent behavior by following each cohort from age 14 to age 16, we compare the welfare-target and nontarget populations in the two cohorts. The difference-in-differences estimates are obtained using an event history model. Our analys…
Immigrants’ welfare use and opportunity for contact with co-ethnics
In this article we examine the relationship between immigrants’ welfare use and their social capital, using the 1990 census. We measure community social capital using contact with co-ethnics and coethnics’ economic inactivity, and examine the use of AFDC and SSI in two subpopulations: single-mother families and elderly units. Major findings are that the effects of social capital differ between immigrant single-mother families and elderly units; t…
Admission-Group Salary Differentials in the United States
In 1990 a temporary-to-permanent pathway was established for highly skilled workers admitted to the United States under nonimmigrant programs. The paper argues that this policy shift has allowed employers to play a crucial role in the immigration of highly skilled workers, thereby creating labor-market institutional selection that gives a salary advantage to highly skilled temporary-admitted workers retained in the United States. Through analyses…
Family dynamics through childhood
Private Support and Public Assistance for Immigrant Families
This paper examines private support and its relationship with public assistance among immigrant families, using native counterparts as a benchmark. It introduces spatial contexts to the set of conventional determinants (socioeconomic conditions, migration experiences, and nativity groups) of receiving private and public support and their potential substitutability. Examining private support reveals that immigrants have less access than natives to…
How Does A Single Mother Choose Kin and Welfare Support
Immigration and the American Obesity Epidemic
Immigration is an important population dynamic at work in the U.S., but we know little about its impact on American obesity. Built on nutrition transition and immigration theories, this paper provides explanations for immigrants’ initial body composition advantage, its partial erosion over time, and the gender difference in the erosion. We find evidence that the American obesity epidemic would be much more severe without the mass immigration that…
Adolescents' formal employment and school enrollment
Variations in state welfare policies in the reform era may affect adolescents through two mechanisms: A competing labor market hypothesis posits that stringent state welfare policies may reduce adolescent employment; and a signaling hypothesis posits that stringent welfare policies may promote enrollment. To test these hypotheses, we use a dynamic joint model of adolescents' school enrollment and formal employment, separating state welfare polici…
Using a Multinomial Logit Specification to Model Two Interdependent Processes with an Empirical Application
Theories in sociology and other social sciences often postulate reciprocal causal relationships. Yamaguchi advanced a model for the interdependence of two discrete-time, discrete-state endogenous processes. The Yamaguchi model is introduced with a discussion of its advantages over conventional methods and a comparison with recently developed relevant models. To overcome the obstacle that existing statistical software cannot directly estimate the …
Linear Systems Analysis
This paper introduces a method of linear systems analysis for examining the micro-to-macro relations between individual actions in social exchange and the consequences at the social system level. The techniqlue developed in the paper allows researchers to use individual-level data obtained from a sample of individluals in a system to study system-level relations. In the theoretical framework, there are two elements (actors and resources) and two …
Women, Work, and Divorce. Richard R. Peterson
Race, Kin Networks, and Assistance to Mother-Headed Families
Family Support Networks, Welfare, and Work among Young Mothers
Using 1984 data from a nationally representative sample of young black and white mothers, this research investigates kin networks, kin network support, and the consequences of this support for women's work. Most young mothers have access to nearby kin, and it is these kin who most often provide child care and income support. Young black mothers more often live near kin and receive child-care assistance from kin. When racial differences in marital…
Lone Parenthood
How Does A Single Mother Choose Kin and Welfare Support
Family Structure, Private Transfers, and the Economic Well-Being of Families with Children
Journal Article Family Structure, Private Transfers, and the Economic Well-Being of Families with Children Get access Lingxin Hao Lingxin Hao University of Iowa Direct all correspondence to Lingxin Hao, Department of Sociology, University of Iowa, W140 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242. FAX: (319) 335-2509. E-mail: [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 75, Issue 1, S…
Using a Multinomial Logit Specification to Model Two Interdependent Processes with an Empirical Application
Theories in sociology and other social sciences often postulate reciprocal causal relationships. Yamaguchi advanced a model for the interdependence of two discrete-time, discrete-state endogenous processes. The Yamaguchi model is introduced with a discussion of its advantages over conventional methods and a comparison with recently developed relevant models. To overcome the obstacle that existing statistical software cannot directly estimate the …
Productive Activities and Support Systems of Single Mothers
Young single mothers' human capital development and labor market participation are important issues of public policy concern in the United States. This article uses a dynamic approach to model the determinants of single mothers' entry into and exit from productive activities. Using 14 waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the article shows that kin coresidence facilitates young single mothers' entry into productive activit…
Parent-Child Differences in Educational Expectations and the Academic Achievement of Immigrant and Native Students
This article argues that both parents' and children's educational expectations are spurred by between-family social capital and within-family social capital and that agreement between parents and children on educational expectations facilitates children's achievement. The analyses of eighth graders from four immigrant groups (Chinese, Filipino, Korean, and Mexican) and three native groups (Mexican, black, and white) indicate that high levels of p…
E Pluribus Unum
This study examined patterns of language adaptation by over 5,000 second-generation students in south Florida and southern California. It found that among most immigrant nationalities, knowledge of and preference for English is nearly universal, that only a minority remain fluent in their parents' languages, and there are wide variations among immigrant groups in the extent of their retention of these languages. The authors used multivariate and …
Immigrants' Welfare Use and Opportunity for Contact with Co-Ethnics
In this article we examine the relationship between immigrants' welfare use and their social capital, using the 1990 census. We measure community social capital using contact with co-ethnics and coethnics' economic inactivity, and examine the use of AFDC and SSI in two subpopulations: single-mother families and elderly units. Major findings are that the effects of social capital differ between immigrant single-mother families and elderly units; t…
Immigrants’ welfare use and opportunity for contact with co-ethnics
In this article we examine the relationship between immigrants’ welfare use and their social capital, using the 1990 census. We measure community social capital using contact with co-ethnics and coethnics’ economic inactivity, and examine the use of AFDC and SSI in two subpopulations: single-mother families and elderly units. Major findings are that the effects of social capital differ between immigrant single-mother families and elderly units; t…
The price of uniformity
We examine the process of linguistic adaptation among children of immigrants and the extent to which distinct language types exist between foreign monolingualism and a full transition to English. While complete linguistic assimilation remains the normative outcome and is widely perceived as desirable, we examine alternative theories holding that selective rather than full acculturation is a preferable alternative for immigrant children and their …
The Complexity and Endogeneity of Family Structure in Explaining Children's Misbehavior
Private Support and Public Assistance for Immigrant Families
This paper examines private support and its relationship with public assistance among immigrant families, using native counterparts as a benchmark. It introduces spatial contexts to the set of conventional determinants (socioeconomic conditions, migration experiences, and nativity groups) of receiving private and public support and their potential substitutability. Examining private support reveals that immigrants have less access than natives to…
The schooling of children of immigrants
We supplement earlier published findings on the academic achievement of the immigrant second generation with an analysis of school contextual effects based on the same large data set used by the best-known prior analyses, the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study. A hierarchical model of contextual and individual-level effects on academic achievement and school attrition reveals patterns that reproduce those found in national student surveys …
Adolescents' formal employment and school enrollment
Variations in state welfare policies in the reform era may affect adolescents through two mechanisms: A competing labor market hypothesis posits that stringent state welfare policies may reduce adolescent employment; and a signaling hypothesis posits that stringent welfare policies may promote enrollment. To test these hypotheses, we use a dynamic joint model of adolescents' school enrollment and formal employment, separating state welfare polici…
Wealth of Immigrant and Native-Born Americans
This study hypothesizes nativity differences in the process of wealth accumulation with regards to accumulation rates, dissaving rates, the role of human capital, saving intention for children, and structural barriers to wealth accumulation. Based on an analysis of the 1992 and 1993 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), it reports four major findings. First, levels of net worth, life cycle patterns, and wealth component…
HIV status and union dissolution in Sub-saharan Africa
Little is known about the impact of HIV infection on the disruption of families through separation, divorce, and widowhood. Using life tables and multinomial logistic regression, this research examined the influence of HIV status on the risk of separation or divorce and widowhood among women in Rakai, Uganda. The multivariate results revealed that dissolution is more common among HIV-infected women and that infected women in HIV-discordant couple…
Welfare Reform and Teenage Pregnancy, Childbirth, and School Dropout
This study estimates the effect of welfare reform on adolescent behaviors using a difference-in-differences approach. After defining the prereform and reform cohorts and considering the life course development of adolescent behavior by following each cohort from age 14 to age 16, we compare the welfare-target and nontarget populations in the two cohorts. The difference-in-differences estimates are obtained using an event history model. Our analys…
The Roles of Parenting Styles and Social Capital in the School Performance of Immigrant Asian and Hispanic Adolescents
Objective. This study investigates the role of parenting styles and social capital (parental involvement, intergenerational closure, expectation, and trust) in accounting for school performance among ethnic groups and across immigrant generations. Methods. Using data from the Adolescent Health Survey, we estimate fixed‐effects models to analyze students' grade‐point averages. We compare three generations of Asian students and three generations of…
Family dynamics through childhood
Quantile Regression
Neighborhood and School Factors in the School Performance of Immigrants' Children
This article examines the effects of neighborhoods and schools on the achievement gaps between adolescents of different nativities and ethnicities. We show that neighborhood and school conditions are better for natives' than for immigrants' children, and they are the worst for Hispanic immigrants. Using cross-classified hierarchical models, we find that introducing neighborhood and school characteristics helps to account for the disadvantage of M…
Sociology (25 obras) · Economics (24 obras) · Psychology (23 obras) · Political science (22 obras) · Demographic economics (18 obras) · Demography (14 obras) · Geography (14 obras) · Immigration (14 obras) · Migration and Labor Dynamics (14 obras) · Developmental psychology (13 obras)