Patricia M Greenfield
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 88401 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Patricia M Greenfield |
| NOMBRES | Patricia M |
| APELLIDO | Greenfield |
| FIRMA | GREENFIELD P M |
| AFILIACIONES | University of California, Los Angeles |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6861-5050 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 88 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 752 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 87 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1966 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
Social change, cultural evolution, weaving apprenticeship, and development
Analyzing three sets of video data collected in one Maya community, we examined apprenticeship and learning of backstrap loom weaving over three generations spanning the years 1970 to 2012. Like many cultural groups, the Maya of Chiapas are experiencing rapid sociodemographic shifts. Three generations of girls (N = 134) were observed at their looms: in the 1970 subsistence economy; in the transition to a commercial economy in the 1990s; and in 20…
Ecological change, psychological mindedness, and attitudes toward school psychology
The ecologies of Bedouin communities in Israel have changed in recent generations. This mixed-method study examines how such changes have augmented psychological mindedness and a willingness to accept professional psychological help. Twenty-one adolescent girls, their mothers, and their grandmothers responded to dilemmas regarding aspects of psychological knowledge and practice. We expected that ecological change, such as increased Bedouin partic…
Covid-19 Increased Mortality Salience, Collectivism, and Subsistence Activities
How does a life-threatening pandemic affect a culture? The Theory of Social Change, Cultural Evolution, and Human Development predicts that danger, as indicated by rising death rates and narrowing social worlds, shifts human psychology and behavior toward that found in small-scale, collectivistic, and rural subsistence ecologies. In particular, mortality salience, collectivism, and engagement in subsistence activities should increase as death rat…
Covid ‐19 shifts mortality salience, activities, and values in the United States
What is the effect of a life-threatening pandemic at the societal level? An expanded Theory of Social Change, Cultural Evolution, and Human Development predicts that, during a period of increasing survival threat and decreasing prosperity, humans will shift toward the psychology and behavior typical of the small-scale, collectivistic, and rural subsistence ecologies in which we evolved. In particular, subjective mortality salience, engagement in …
Staying connected during stay‐at‐home
COVID-19 and the resulting stay-at-home orders issued to reduce the spread of the virus created a novel social situation in which people could not spend in-person time with their family and friends. Thus, emerging technologies like video calling and other forms of mediated communication like voice calling and text messaging became important resources for people to stay in touch. The purpose of this study was threefold. First, we wanted to test wh…
Mobile Technologies and Their Relationship to Children's Ability to Read Nonverbal Emotional Cues
Key social learning occurs during early childhood with lasting effects throughout the lifespan. In the past 10 years, ownership of mobile technology grew rapidly, particularly in households with young children; this has dramatically changed the early learning landscape. With the ubiquity of mobile devices, many have questioned their effect on the social and emotional learning of children. To explore one aspect of this question, we conducted a cro…
Multilevel theory of emerging technologies
A Qualitative Analysis of Adolescent Responses to YouTube Videos Portraying Sexual and Gender Minority Experiences
Sexual and gender minority youth are at risk for negative mental health outcomes, such as depression and suicide, due to stigma. Fortunately, sense of community, connection, and social support can ameliorate these deleterious effects. Youth express that most of their social support comes from peers and in-school organizations, but these sources require in-person interaction. Past research has identified social media sites as virtual and anonymous…
Ethiopian immigrants to Israel
We present a qualitative interdisciplinary study of seven Ethiopian potters who immigrated to Israel as adults. Data sources include cultural products (their clay sculptures), interviews, and archival photos at the time of immigration. Together these data sources show how these women carried African values (procreation, family closeness, sharing, and respect for elders) and memories of subsistence activities to Israel. They also show how the wome…
Social Change and Intergenerational Value Differences in a Bedouin Community in Israel
The current study tests the application of Greenfield's theory of social change and human development to an Arab Bedouin community transitioning from a nomadic to a sedentary way of life. We predicted that sociodemographic change across three generations away from a rural subsistence way of life (a Gemeinschaft ecology) toward an urban, educated, and technological way of life in a commercial economy (a Gesellschaft ecology) would correspond to ge…
Studying social change, culture, and human development
Perception of Cross-Generational Differences in Child Behavior and Parent Socialization
China, having gone through rapid economic reform, supported by urbanization, educational expansion, and family size reduction over past decades, is an important part of a worldwide sociodemographic trend that can be summarized as a shift from community/ Gemeinschaft to society/ Gesellschaft. Correlated with this sociodemographic trend, our qualitative and quantitative analyses document intergenerational change in grandmothers' perception of socia…
Implications of 43 Years of Sociodemographic Change in Mexico for the Socialization of Achievement Behavior
In this article, we explore theory-driven hypotheses linking ecological change with changing patterns of socialization. These studies are part of a larger project begun by Garcia in 2004; it aims to assess the effects of social change on Millard Madsen's experimental findings concerning social behavior and socialization strategies in different regions of Mexico in the 1960s and 1970s. The present two studies apply Greenfield's theory of social ch…
The Power of the Like in Adolescence
We investigated a unique way in which adolescent peer influence occurs on social media. We developed a novel functional MRI (fMRI) paradigm to simulate Instagram, a popular social photo-sharing tool, and measured adolescents’ behavioral and neural responses to likes, a quantifiable form of social endorsement and potential source of peer influence. Adolescents underwent fMRI while viewing photos ostensibly submitted to Instagram. They were more li…
Cultural evolution over the last 40 years in China
Chinese people have held collectivistic values such as obligation, giving to other people, obedience and sacrifice of personal interests for thousands of years. In recent decades, China has undergone rapid economic development and urbanisation. This study investigates changing cultural values in China from 1970 to 2008 and the relationship of changing values to ecological shifts. The conceptual framework for the study was Greenfield's (2009) theo…
Developmental effects of economic and educational change
We studied the implications of social change for cognitive development in a Maya community in Chiapas, Mexico, over 43 years. The same procedures were used to collect data in 1969–1970, 1991, and 2012—once in each generation. The goal was to understand the implications of weaving, schooling and participation in a commercial economy for the development of visual pattern representation. In 2012, our participants consisted of 133 boys and girls desc…
Disparate Cultural Values and Modes of Conflict Resolution in Peer Relations
We explored whether Latino first-generation college students would experience cross-cultural value conflicts as a result of the mismatch between more collectivistic values learned at home and more individualistic practices of their peers in a multiethnic college setting. Culturally structured conflict resolution styles were also explored. Participants completed a survey and thereafter engaged in a structured group discussion. Group discussions in…
Sociodemographic Factors Influence Cultural Values
The gross generalization that East is collectivistic and West is individualistic overlooks the within-group variability among East Asians in the current era of social change and globalization. The aim of this study was to disentangle the role of sociodemographic factors, ethnic heritage culture, and immigration in shaping the individualistic-collectivistic value orientations of Korean mothers and their fifth-grade children residing in rural Korea…
Societal Change and Values in Arab Communities in Israel
This study tested and extended Greenfield's theory of social change and human development to adolescent development in Arab communities in Israel undergoing rapid social change. The theory views sociodemographic changes-such as contact with an ethnically diverse urban setting and spread of technology-as driving changes in cultural values. In one research design, we compared three generations, high school girls, their mothers, and their grandmothe…
Cross-Cultural Roots of Minority Child Development
The Great Recession
Based on Greenfield’s theory of social change and human development, we predicted that adolescents’ values, behaviors, and self-assessments would become more collectivistic and less individualistic during the Great Recession (2008–2010) compared to the prerecession period (2004-2006), thereby reversing long-term trends from the 1970s. Data came from Monitoring the Future, a nationally representative yearly survey of 12th graders. Concern for othe…
St Century Media, Fame, and Other Future Aspirations
Past research found that messages in popular television promote fame as a top value, while social media allow anyone to reach broad audiences (Uhls & Greenfield, 2011; Uhls & Greenfield, 2012). During a sensitive developmental phase, preteens are the largest users of media, consuming over seven-and-a-half hours a day, seven days a week, outside of school. A nationwide survey in the United States asked 315 youth (M = 12 years; range: 9 -15 years) …
Exploring Home-School Value Conflicts
U.S. colleges place a high value on the fulfillment of academic obligations by their students. The academic achievement of each individual student is the institutional priority; this is an individualistic frame of reference. However, many Latino first-generation college students have been raised to prioritize family obligations; their home socialization is collectivistic. Our exploratory study investigated how Latino first-generation college stud…
Translating Into Understanding
This mixed-method study assessed the nature of language brokering and the relationship between language brokering and prosocial capacities in a sample of 139 college students from ethnically diverse immigrant families. The prosocial capacities of interest were empathic concern and two forms of perspective-taking: general perspective-taking (understanding the perspectives of others) and transcultural perspective-taking (understanding of divergent …
Weaving Generations Together
This innovative study provides a rare longitudinal study of the cognitive and socialization processes involved in transmitting weaving knowledge across two generations of Zinacantec Maya women in Chiapas. Greenfield's return to the site of her initial fieldwork twenty years later enables her to examine the impact of commercialization and globalization on textile production and sales, acculturation, and female socialization. Her systematic collect…
Cultural Pathways Through Universal Development
We focus our review on three universal tasks of human development: relationship formation, knowledge acquisition, and the balance between autonomy and relatedness at adolescence. We present evidence that each task can be addressed through two deeply different cultural pathways through development: the pathways of independence and interdependence. Whereas core theories in developmental psychology are universalistic in their intentions, they in fac…
Linking social change and developmental change
P. M. Greenfield's new theory of social change and human development aims to show how changing sociodemographic ecologies alter cultural values and learning environments and thereby shift developmental pathways. Worldwide sociodemographic trends include movement from rural residence, informal education at home, subsistence economy, and low-technology environments to urban residence, formal schooling, commerce, and high-technology environments. Th…
Me and my 400 friends
Is there a trade-off between having large networks of social connections on social networking sites such as Facebook and the development of intimacy and social support among today's generation of emerging adults? To understand the socialization context of Facebook during the transition to adulthood, an online survey was distributed to college students at a large urban university; participants answered questions about their relationships by system…
You can't take it with you
Connecting developmental constructions to the internet
The authors examined the online construction of identity and sexuality in a large sample of conversations from monitored and unmonitored teen chat rooms. More than half of the 583 participants (identified by a distinct screen name) communicated identity information, most frequently gender. In this way, participants compensated for the text-based chat environment by providing information about themselves that would be visible and obvious in face-t…
Exploring Home-School Value Conflicts
U.S. colleges place a high value on the fulfillment of academic obligations by their students. The academic achievement of each individual student is the institutional priority; this is an individualistic frame of reference. However, many Latino first-generation college students have been raised to prioritize family obligations; their home socialization is collectivistic. Our exploratory study investigated how Latino first-generation college stud…
The Impact of Home Computer Use on Children's Activities and Development
The increasing amount of time children are spending on computers at home and school has raised questions about how the use of computer technology may make a difference in their lives--from helping with homework to causing depression to encouraging violent behavior. This article provides an overview of the limited research on the effects of home computer use on children's physical, cognitive, and social development. Initial research suggests, for …
History and Future of Development in Cross-Cultural Psychology
Our theme is that better integration of a developmental approach into cross-cultural psychology can enhance the future of cross-cultural psychology-methodologically, theoretically, and empirically. Methodologically, developmental psychology contributes contextualized procedures, such as naturalistic observation, suitable for studying behavior in its cultural context. Theoretically, developmentalists point to the fact that the culturally construct…
Translating Into Understanding
This mixed-method study assessed the nature of language brokering and the relationship between language brokering and prosocial capacities in a sample of 139 college students from ethnically diverse immigrant families. The prosocial capacities of interest were empathic concern and two forms of perspective-taking: general perspective-taking (understanding the perspectives of others) and transcultural perspective-taking (understanding of divergent …
Children, adolescents, and the Internet
With this special section on children, adolescents, and the Internet, we survey the state of a new field of inquiry in developmental psychology. This field is important because developmentalists need to understand how children and adolescents live in a new, massive, and complex virtual universe, even as they carry on their lives in the real world. We have selected six empirical articles to showcase various aspects of child and adolescent developm…
Oral or Written Language
The distinction between speaking an oral language and speaking a written language is applied to different cultural groups in the United States and Africa. It is shown that these two patterns of language use systematically related to different educational methods and to different courses of cognitive development
What Psychology Can Do for Anthropology, or Why Anthropology Took Postmodernism on the Chin
What is Rock Music Doing to the Minds of our Youth? A First Experimental Look at the Effects of Rock Music Lyrics and Music Videos
This article reports the results of three preliminary studies of the cognitive effects of rock music lyrics and music videos. Study 1 indicates that comprehension of rock music lyrics develops with age and that lyrics are often misunderstood, particularly by young children who lack relevant world knowledge and are at a concrete stage of cognitive development. Study 2 shows that music videos provide less stimulation to imagination and are enjoyed …
The Construction of Independent Values among Maya Women at the Forefront of Social Change
Life narratives of four middle-aged Maya women in Chiapas, Mexico illustrate how social change toward a Gesellschaft environment—formal schooling, urbanization, and the development of commerce—leads to an indigenous form of feminism, marked by a desire for autonomy and egalitarian relations between men and women. The study advances Greenfield's theory of social change and human development by illustrating processes of adapting to Gesellschaft con…
Culture, History, Biology, and Body
Each culture defines the appropriate ways for people to use their bodies (Mauss 1934). In this paper we examine the uses of the body in a technical skill, that of Zinacantec Maya backstrap loom weaving. We hypothesize that native learners of weaving are different from non-native learners in that they are endowed from birth on with the biology and cultural experience needed for weaving. Maya newborns have distinctive patterns of motor behavior and…
The value of fame
In line with Greenfield's (2009) theory of social change and human development, current popular preadolescent TV shows suggest that fame, an individualistic goal, is an important and achievable aspiration (Uhls & Greenfield, 2011). Such messages may be particularly salient for preadolescents, ages 10-12. This study used focus groups and mixed analytic methods (qualitative and quantitative) to examine how popular media, passive and interactive, ar…
Implications of Sibling Caregiving for Sibling Relations and Teaching Interactions in Two Cultures
This article explores the social and cognitive implications of sibling caregiving among the Zinacantec Maya of Mexico and the Wolof of Senegal. Ethnographic video data of sibling caregiving interactions were collected, focusing on children ages three to 13 years interacting with their two-year-old siblings. Sibling relations in both cultures reflect a system of multiage play, the children's sensitivity to age and gender hierarchies, and the older…
Changing Cultural Pathways through Gender Role and Sexual Development
Greenfield's () theory linking sociodemographic change to dynamic cultural values for family interdependence versus individual independence is applied to sexual and gender role socialization and development. The theory explains how cultural pathways for sexual and gender-role development transform in concert with sociodemographic changes: urbanization, formal schooling, capitalism, and communication technologies. As environments become more urban…
Social Change and Intergenerational Value Differences in a Bedouin Community in Israel
The current study tests the application of Greenfield's theory of social change and human development to an Arab Bedouin community transitioning from a nomadic to a sedentary way of life. We predicted that sociodemographic change across three generations away from a rural subsistence way of life (a Gemeinschaft ecology) toward an urban, educated, and technological way of life in a commercial economy (a Gesellschaft ecology) would correspond to ge…
Societal Change and Values in Arab Communities in Israel
This study tested and extended Greenfield's theory of social change and human development to adolescent development in Arab communities in Israel undergoing rapid social change. The theory views sociodemographic changes-such as contact with an ethnically diverse urban setting and spread of technology-as driving changes in cultural values. In one research design, we compared three generations, high school girls, their mothers, and their grandmothe…
Nonhuman primates do declare! A comparison of declarative symbol and gesture use in two children, two bonobos, and a chimpanzee
Perception of Cross-Generational Differences in Child Behavior and Parent Socialization
China, having gone through rapid economic reform, supported by urbanization, educational expansion, and family size reduction over past decades, is an important part of a worldwide sociodemographic trend that can be summarized as a shift from community/ Gemeinschaft to society/ Gesellschaft. Correlated with this sociodemographic trend, our qualitative and quantitative analyses document intergenerational change in grandmothers' perception of socia…
Sociodemographic Differences Within Countries Produce Variable Cultural Values
Values vary more within countries than between countries because cultural values are adapted to sociodemographic conditions. The globalization of capitalism and commerce has increased economic differences between the haves and the have-nots within countries around the world; at the same time, it has decreased differences between countries, as virtually all countries have urbanized, developed communications technologies such as the Internet, and d…
Building a tree structure
The Construction of Everyday Sacrifice in Asian Americans and European Americans
This research examines the effects of ethnicity and acculturation on everyday sacrifice behaviors in 63 European American and 131 Asian American college students (mean age = 18.60). Asian Americans were divided into more and less acculturated groups using the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale. Participants responded to scenarios involving conflict between sacrifice (for parents, siblings, and friends) and the realization of person…
Data desirability, experimenter expectancy, and the results of psychological research
Studies in Cognitive Growth
Oral or Written Language
The distinction between speaking an oral language and speaking a written language is applied to different cultural groups in the United States and Africa. It is shown that these two patterns of language use systematically related to different educational methods and to different courses of cognitive development
"Who Is " Dada
Head and eye orientation was used as an index of verbal comprehension in a study of earliest language acquisition. The development of the first association between sound and meaning and the later growth of semantic markers were observed in the author's own child between the ages of eight and a half and eleven and three-quarter months. There was evidence of a systematic internalization of meaning and a gradual co-ordination of comprehension and sp…
Building a tree structure
How much is one word
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Normal and Deficient Child Language
Some psychological relations between action and language structure
Development of structure and strategy in two-dimensional pictures
Response to "Wolof `Magical' Thinking Culture and Conservation Revisited" by Judith T. Irvine
Going beyond information theory to explain early word choice
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Child Care in Cross-Cultural Perspectives
In every society care of children is primarily a female responsibility, yet there is still tremendous cross-cultural variation in the organization of child care. Three characteristics of child care in small-scale traditional agrarian societies are discussed: role integration, use of auxiliary caregivers, and the effects of certain ecological patterns on childrearing. Data concerning each of these points is presented, along with implications for t…
Pragmatic factors in children's phrasal coordination
This study of children's conjunction reduction contrasted the syntactic view of forward and backward deletion of base structure elements with the idea that pragmatic factors of situational redundancy and perceptual grouping account for conjunction reduction. Ninety-four children described an action sequence (putting differently coloured beads into a cup) so that a listener positioned behind a screen could repeat them. Half the children communicat…
What is Rock Music Doing to the Minds of our Youth? A First Experimental Look at the Effects of Rock Music Lyrics and Music Videos
This article reports the results of three preliminary studies of the cognitive effects of rock music lyrics and music videos. Study 1 indicates that comprehension of rock music lyrics develops with age and that lyrics are often misunderstood, particularly by young children who lack relevant world knowledge and are at a concrete stage of cognitive development. Study 2 shows that music videos provide less stimulation to imagination and are enjoyed …
Radio vs. Television
For a sample of first- through fourth-grade children, bearing an audiotaped version of a story stimulated more imaginative responses (especially among working-class children) than watching an animated version, which for its part led to superior recall of story information
The development of new and old information in young children's early language
Comparing communicative competence in child and chimp
Through an analysis of chimpanzee–human discourse, we show that two Pan troglodytes chimpanzees and two Pan paniscus chimpanzees (bonobos) exposed to a humanly devised symbol system use partial or complete repetition of others' symbols, as children do: they do not produce rote imitations, but instead use repetition to fulfil a variety of pragmatic functions in discourse. These functions include agreement, request, promise, excitement, and selecti…
Effects of interactive entertainment technologies on development
Les jeux vidéo comme instruments de socialisation cognitive
Les jeux vidéo, non pas ceux que l'on qualifie de jeux éducatifs, mais les jeux d'action, ceux que l'on trouve partout et d'abord dans les cafés et les salles d'arcades, sont-ils en train de nous fabriquer un homme d'un type nouveau ? Ces jeux, qui touchent les masses dans le monde entier, présentent sur la télévision l'avantage d'être interactifs. Sans le vouloir, par les facultés qu'à la fois ils exigent et développent, ils se font instruments …
Attitudes toward Computers, Science, and Technology
A comparative study of the structure of attitudes toward computers, science, and technology was carried out with 320 university students equally distributed by country (Italy and the United States), by field of study (humanities, psychology, science, and engineering), and by gender. The instrument used was a Likert-type scale of 56 statements. First, individual items were analyzed for cross-national differences. Then items showing a range of valu…
You can't take it with you
Cross-Cultural Conflict in the Social Construction of the Child
Research Article| October 01 1998 Cross-Cultural Conflict in the Social Construction of the Child Patricia Marks Greenfield, Patricia Marks Greenfield Patricia Marks Greenfield. Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles. Her research centers on the relations between culture and human development. She has had a resebch site in Chiapas, Mexico, since 1969. Search for other works by this author on: This S…
Historical change and cognitive change
(1999). Historical change and cognitive change: A two‐decade follow‐up study in Zinacantan, a Maya community in Chiapas, Mexico. Mind, Culture, and Activity: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 92-108
Cultural Change and Human Development
Culture, History, Biology, and Body
Each culture defines the appropriate ways for people to use their bodies (Mauss 1934). In this paper we examine the uses of the body in a technical skill, that of Zinacantec Maya backstrap loom weaving. We hypothesize that native learners of weaving are different from non-native learners in that they are endowed from birth on with the biology and cultural experience needed for weaving. Maya newborns have distinctive patterns of motor behavior and…
Psychology (75 obras) · Sociology (42 obras) · Social Psychology (41 obras) · Developmental psychology (29 obras) · Political science (29 obras) · Cultural Differences and Values (27 obras) · Social Psychology (22 obras) · Cognitive psychology (18 obras) · Computer Science (18 obras) · Geography (18 obras)