Stanley J Ulijaszek
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 89517 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Stanley J Ulijaszek |
| NOMBRES | Stanley J |
| APELLIDO | Ulijaszek |
| FIRMA | ULIJASZEK S J |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Oxford |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 41 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 67 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 41 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1987 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2019 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
How does psychosocial stress affect the relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage and overweight and obesity? Examining Hemmingsson’s model with data from a Danish longitudinal study
Our study confirms to some extent that the associations between socioeconomic disadvantage and overweight and obesity can be explained by the domains included in Erik Hemmingsson's model, although our results should be interpreted with caution. Adult distress, disharmonious family environment and offspring distress accounted for some of the association in girls, whereas in boys it was primarily offspring distress, which had the greatest impact. Y…
Diet, Nutrition, and Disease across the Lifespan
Diet and nutrition need to be adequate to sustain human growth, sexual maturation, reproduction, and the physical labour needed to obtain food and support the successful maturation of offspring to reproductive age. This chapter examines human diet and nutrition as they relate to infectious disease experience, and how nutrition and infection influence the human life course, which is organized according to life history stages. Human life history th…
Obesity emergence in the Pacific islands
Objective Between 1980 and 2008, two Pacific island nations – Nauru and the Cook Islands – experienced the fastest rates of increasing BMI in the world. Rates were over four times higher than the mean global BMI increase. The aim of the present paper is to examine why these populations have been so prone to obesity increases in recent times. Design Three explanatory frames that apply to both countries are presented: (i) geographic isolation and g…
Evolving Human Nutrition
Predicting adult obesity from measures in earlier life
BACKGROUND: As most obese adults were not overweight as children, the prediction of adult obesity from childhood body size alone is limited. We constructed a two-way, multifactor risk assessment framework for predicting adult obesity during childhood using the Foresight Obesity System Map and tested it against longitudinal data from the 1958 National Child Development Study. METHODS: The framework divided study participants according to two categ…
What's in a Name? “Negritos” in the Context of the Human Prehistory of Southeast Asia
The "negrito" hypothesis posits that various indigenous groups throughout Island and Mainland Southeast Asia have a shared phenotype due to common descent from a putative ancestral population, representing a pre-agricultural substrate of humanity in the region. This has been examined and tested many times in the past, with no clear resolution. With many new resources to hand, the articles in this volume reexamine this hypothesis in a range of dif…
What’s in a Name
The “negrito” hypothesis posits that various indigenous groups throughout Island and Mainland Southeast Asia have a shared phenotype due to common descent from a putative ancestral population, representing a preagricultural substrate of humanity in the region. This has been examined and tested many times in the past, with no clear resolution. With many new resources to hand, the articles in this volume reexamine this hypothesis in a range of diff…
Detrimental effects of early rural life on blood pressure among urban male migrants in Wrocław, Poland
The purpose of the study was to compare the blood pressure of rural–to–urban migrants and the sedentary population (non–migratory) of the city of Wrocław, Poland. Additionally, the effect of time spent in the rural area on blood pressure was also assessed. The study sample consisted of 2753 males aged 25–75 years, following a medical examination, underwent an interview and anthropometric measurements between 1989–90. Based on the place of origin …
Results of Epidemiological Studies of Blood Pressure Are Biased by Continuous Variation in Arm Size Related to Body Mass
In cross-sectional epidemiological studies, blood pressure (BP) is often found to be positively correlated with fatness. Usually sphygmomanometers with only one cuff size for adults are used to measure BP while arm circumference (AC) influences BP readings. We have studied cross-sectional anthropometric and BP data of adult men and women from three populations: Cook Islanders (n = 259), Papua New Guinean: Purari (n = 295), and Ok Tedi (n = 274). …
Body frame dimensions are related to obesity and fatness
We explore relationships between BMI and skinfolds and anthropometric variables reflecting variation in lean body frame. Data on the middle class adult Australian women (n = 1260) collected in 2002 during a National Body Size and Shape Survey were used. Standard measurements of stature, weight, skeletal dimensions (shoulder width, hip width, chest width, and depth, limb lengths), circumferences of head, trunk, limbs and triceps, subscapular and a…
Frameworks of population obesity and the use of cultural consensus modeling in the study of environments contributing to obesity
Nutrition transition and dietary energy availability in Eastern Europe after the collapse of communism
The effects of fatness and fat distribution on respiratory functions
Background: Inverse relationships between respiratory function and indices of obesity and fat distribution have been reported, but it remains unclear which measure of obesity shows the strongest relationship with lung function.Aim: The study assessed the effect of fatness and fat distribution on respiratory function.Subjects and methods: A sample of 423 males and 509 females aged 40–50 years were examined in the Silesian Centre for Preventive Med…
Obesity in Biocultural Perspective
Obesity is new in human evolutionary history, having become possible at the population level with increased food security. Across the past 60 years, social, economic, and technological changes have altered patterns of life almost everywhere on Earth. In tandem, changes in diet and physical activity patterns have been central to the emergence of obesity among many of the world's populations, including the developing world. Increasing global rates …
Village distance from urban centre as the prime modernization variable in differences in blood pressure and body mass index of adults of the Purari delta of the Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea
Distance to urban centre appears to have a strong effect, relative to other modernization variables, on BMI and blood pressure, this effect being far stronger for males than for females. In large part, this effect operates by way of differences in number of sources of income as well as number of close relatives of women who are resident in an urban centre. Reasons for the male-female differences observed may include gender differences in degree o…
Maternal work and childhood nutritional status among the Purari, Papua New Guinea
In traditional economies, body size, physical work capacity, subsistence productivity, and nutrition of adults may be interrelated, and one cross‐generational effect of these relationships may operate through the household, influencing nutritional status of children. In this analysis, the relationships among adult body size, work productivity in terms of time spent making sago starch, dietary diversity, nutrient availability, and childhood nutrit…
Trends in body size, diet and food availability in the Cook Islands in the second half of the 20th century
Associations between blood pressure and economic modernization among adults on Rarotonga, the Cook Islands
Populations in the Pacific islands undergoing economic modernization have experienced a steady rise in the prevalence of hypertension across the second part of the twentieth century. In this analysis, a comparison is made between blood pressure of the Rarotonga, Cook Islands, population in 1996 with values obtained for this population in 1964. In addition, the extent to which education and occupation, as markers of modernization, associate with b…
Comparative energetics of primate fetal growth
Among the primates, Homo sapiens has evolved a life history which includes long gestation, relatively slow growth to reproductive maturity, and large body size. While the slow growth rate may be linked to the energetic demands of having a large brain, there are other important morphological and physiological linkages that may be adaptive, including the development of significant fat stores with which to buffer against episodic and periodic energe…
Energetics and evolution
The study of energetics is important to human biology because the availability and utilization of food energy influence health, survival, and reproduction. Over the last decade, human biologists, biological anthropologists, and other evolutionary scientists have increasingly come to recognize the importance of energy dynamics in shaping evolutionary processes. Thus far, different lines of energetics research have been conducted largely in isolati…
Modernization and the diet of adults on Rarotonga, the Cook Islands
Serum insulin‐like growth factor‐I, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3, and the pubertal growth spurt in the female rhesus monkey
While there is good evidence suggesting IGF‐I links to pubertal development and crown‐rump length growth among rhesus monkeys, linkages between IGF‐I and other measures of morphological growth have not been established. In this study, the pubertal growth spurt in a number of morphological characteristics of female rhesus monkeys is related to serum endocrine status of insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and its binding protein, insulin‐like grow…
Secular trend in birthweight among the Purari delta population, Papua New Guinea
The aim of this analysis was to examine the extent and possible seasonal nature of the secular trend in mean birthweight in the Purari delta, Papua New Guinea. This is a country undergoing rapid modernization, and with this has come a secular trend toward increased adult body size in some parts of the country but not others. Birthweight data, collected by month of delivery at Kapuna Hospital in the Purari delta between the years 1969 and 1996, wa…
Waiting for Trivers and Willard
Parental investment theory has been put forward as a major evolutionary argument explaining male or female biased birth sex ratio, the Trivers‐Willard (T‐W) hypothesis, predicting that parents living in good circumstances will bias their investment to sons, whereas parents in poor circumstances will bias their investment toward daughters. Tests of the T‐W hypothesis on human beings have shown limited evidence for parents appearing to differentiat…
Potential seasonal ecological challenge of heat strain among Australian Aboriginal people practicing traditional subsistence methods
It has been largely accepted that Australian Aboriginal people practicing hunting and gathering traditionally underused their objective economic possibilities by working short hours relative to nonhunter‐gatherer populations. However, the possibility that their subsistence quest might have been limited by potential heat strain has not been considered for Australian hunter‐gatherers. In this article the influence of work and heat load on the poten…
Obesity in Biocultural Perspective
Obesity is new in human evolutionary history, having become possible at the population level with increased food security. Across the past 60 years, social, economic, and technological changes have altered patterns of life almost everywhere on Earth. In tandem, changes in diet and physical activity patterns have been central to the emergence of obesity among many of the world's populations, including the developing world. Increasing global rates …
Waiting for Trivers and Willard
Parental investment theory has been put forward as a major evolutionary argument explaining male or female biased birth sex ratio, the Trivers‐Willard (T‐W) hypothesis, predicting that parents living in good circumstances will bias their investment to sons, whereas parents in poor circumstances will bias their investment toward daughters. Tests of the T‐W hypothesis on human beings have shown limited evidence for parents appearing to differentiat…
Human energetics methods in biological anthropology
Energy capture and conversion is fundamental to human existence, and over the past three decades anthropologists have used a number of approaches which incorporate energetics measures in studies of human ecology. In particular, measures of community-level energy balances and flows have been used to study human subsistence within the adaptability framework. Recent advances in energetics methodology are considerable, making measurements more practi…
Variability in body physique, ecology, and subsistence in the Fly River region of Papua New Guinea
There are some 40,000 indigenous peoples of the Fly River drainage in Papua New Guinea. The 4,000‐mm rainfall contour ecologically demarcates hunter‐horticulturalist peoples living in the rainforests of the Upper Fly from hunter‐gatherer peoples living in the savanna‐swamplands of the Middle and Lower Fly. A complex of factors operate to create significant physical differences between Upper Fly peoples and those of the Middle and Lower Fly. The e…
Potential seasonal ecological challenge of heat strain among Australian Aboriginal people practicing traditional subsistence methods
It has been largely accepted that Australian Aboriginal people practicing hunting and gathering traditionally underused their objective economic possibilities by working short hours relative to nonhunter‐gatherer populations. However, the possibility that their subsistence quest might have been limited by potential heat strain has not been considered for Australian hunter‐gatherers. In this article the influence of work and heat load on the poten…
Predicting adult obesity from measures in earlier life
BACKGROUND: As most obese adults were not overweight as children, the prediction of adult obesity from childhood body size alone is limited. We constructed a two-way, multifactor risk assessment framework for predicting adult obesity during childhood using the Foresight Obesity System Map and tested it against longitudinal data from the 1958 National Child Development Study. METHODS: The framework divided study participants according to two categ…
Serum insulin‐like growth factor‐I, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3, and the pubertal growth spurt in the female rhesus monkey
While there is good evidence suggesting IGF‐I links to pubertal development and crown‐rump length growth among rhesus monkeys, linkages between IGF‐I and other measures of morphological growth have not been established. In this study, the pubertal growth spurt in a number of morphological characteristics of female rhesus monkeys is related to serum endocrine status of insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and its binding protein, insulin‐like grow…
Maternal Employment and Child Nutritional Status in a Very Poor Population of Residents and Migrants from Bangladesh in Calcutta, India
Investigations of the effects of maternal employment on child nutrition in poor populations have have shown that children below the age of 1 year suffer nutritionally from having an employed mother, while older children benefit. This study examines this possibility in a very poor population in Calcutta, India. Z scores of height for age (H/A), weight for age (W/A) and weight for height (W/H) relative to NCHS references were calculated from cross-…
Energy Expenditure in Sago Processing by Women in the Purari Delta of Papua New Guinea
Palm sago is an important staple food for populations living at low density, and on marginal lands in Papua New Guinea and elsewhere in Melanesia.The exploitation of palm sago is a highly efficient means of provisioning a community with dietary energy, but has been shown to be an energetically costly activity.However, a previous estimate of the energy cost of sago making was not based on the measurement of oxygen consumption, but on an indirect p…
What's in a Name? “Negritos” in the Context of the Human Prehistory of Southeast Asia
The "negrito" hypothesis posits that various indigenous groups throughout Island and Mainland Southeast Asia have a shared phenotype due to common descent from a putative ancestral population, representing a pre-agricultural substrate of humanity in the region. This has been examined and tested many times in the past, with no clear resolution. With many new resources to hand, the articles in this volume reexamine this hypothesis in a range of dif…
Mining, modernisation and dietary change among the Wopkaimin of Papua New Guinea
This paper examines retrospectively the changes in food and nutrient intake which have taken place over a nine‐year period in which the intrusion of a major gold and copper mine has brought rapid socio‐economic and ecological change to the Papua New Guinea Wopkaimin population, especially those who now rely upon cash incomes. A small proportion of the population remains subsistence‐oriented. Since 1975 taro (Colocasia), the traditional staple, ha…
Variability in body physique, ecology, and subsistence in the Fly River region of Papua New Guinea
There are some 40,000 indigenous peoples of the Fly River drainage in Papua New Guinea. The 4,000‐mm rainfall contour ecologically demarcates hunter‐horticulturalist peoples living in the rainforests of the Upper Fly from hunter‐gatherer peoples living in the savanna‐swamplands of the Middle and Lower Fly. A complex of factors operate to create significant physical differences between Upper Fly peoples and those of the Middle and Lower Fly. The e…
Estimating energy and nutrient intakes in studies of human fertility
Two methods of dietary recording, the 24-hr recall and the weighed dietary intake methods, are considered appropriate for estimating energy and nutrient intakes in studies of human fertility. The former method gives lower estimates than the latter, although weighed intakes may underestimate true intakes. Examination of food intakes of pregnant, lactating, and non-pregnant, non-lactating New Guinean women shows their diet to be less homogeneous th…
Dietary and nutrient intakes of 25 Ningerum (New Guinea) adult males at two times of the year
In nutritional studies of traditional societies, it is often assumed that dietary intakes are sufficiently homogeneous for dietary studies of short duration to be adequate for accurate assessment of group nutrient intake. The present study examines this assumption by considering food and nutrient intakes of 25 adult males in rural Papua New Guinea (PNG). Five‐day weighed dietary intakes were carried out on each individual twice, with a 6‐month in…
Human energetics methods in biological anthropology
Energy capture and conversion is fundamental to human existence, and over the past three decades anthropologists have used a number of approaches which incorporate energetics measures in studies of human ecology. In particular, measures of community-level energy balances and flows have been used to study human subsistence within the adaptability framework. Recent advances in energetics methodology are considerable, making measurements more practi…
Influence of birth interval and child labour on family energy requirements and dependency ratios in two traditional subsistence economics in Africa
The consequences of different birth intervals on dietary energy requirements and dependency ratios at different stages of the family lifecycle are modelled for Gambian agriculturalists and !Kung hunter–gatherers. Energy requirements reach a peak at between 20 and 30 years after starting a family for the Gambians, and between 15 and 20 years for the !Kung. For the Gambians, shorter birth interval of 30 months. For the !Kung, the lack of participat…
Human Variation and Biocultural Adaptation in Papua New Guinea Human Biology in Papua New Guinea
Energetics, lifestyles, and nutritional adaptation
Energetics, adaptation, and adaptability
Energy capture and conversion are fundamental to human existence, and over the past three decades biological anthropologists have used a number of approaches which incorporate energetics measures in studies of human population biology. Human groups can vary enormously in their energy expenditure. This review considers evidence for genetic adaptation and presents models for physiological adaptability to reduced physiological energy availability an…
Energetics, lifestyles, and nutritional adaptation
Energy Expenditure in Sago Processing by Women in the Purari Delta of Papua New Guinea
Palm sago is an important staple food for populations living at low density, and on marginal lands in Papua New Guinea and elsewhere in Melanesia.The exploitation of palm sago is a highly efficient means of provisioning a community with dietary energy, but has been shown to be an energetically costly activity.However, a previous estimate of the energy cost of sago making was not based on the measurement of oxygen consumption, but on an indirect p…
Immunology and growth faltering of Anga children, Papua New Guinea
Nutrition-infection interactions among poor children of the less-developed world influence growth and development. However, the relative importance of each is difficult to determine, because the relationship is mediated by immunological status. In this analysis, relationships between immunological measures and anthropometry were sought among 41 Anga, Papua New Guinea children aged 0-7 years. These had elevated serum total leucocyte and leucocyte …
Immunology and growth faltering of Anga children, Papua New Guinea
Nutrition–infection interactions among poor children of the less-developed world influence growth and development. However, the relative importance of each is difficult to determine, because the relationship is mediated by immunological status. In this analysis, relationships between immunological measures and anthropometry were sought among 41 Anga, Papua New Guinea children aged 0–7 years. These had elevated serum total leucocyte and leucocyte …
Maternal Employment and Child Nutritional Status in a Very Poor Population of Residents and Migrants from Bangladesh in Calcutta, India
Investigations of the effects of maternal employment on child nutrition in poor populations have have shown that children below the age of 1 year suffer nutritionally from having an employed mother, while older children benefit. This study examines this possibility in a very poor population in Calcutta, India. Z scores of height for age (H/A), weight for age (W/A) and weight for height (W/H) relative to NCHS references were calculated from cross-…
Anthropometric measurement error and the assessment of nutritional status
Anthropometry involves the external measurement of morphological traits of human beings. It has a widespread and important place in nutritional assessment, and while the literature on anthropometric measurement and its interpretation is enormous, the extent to which measurement error can influence both measurement and interpretation of nutritional status is little considered. In this article, different types of anthropometric measurement error ar…
Daily energy expenditure across the course of lactation among urban Bangladeshi women
Measures of energy intake of lactating women in developing countries show that intakes are often lower than those recommended by international bodies, while fat-mass losses are often substantially less than the 3-4 kg used in the calculations of recommendations, suggesting that physiological adaptation must be commonplace among such women. The cost of lactation may be met by reduction in energy expenditure, including reduced physical activity, as…
Secular trend in birthweight among the Purari delta population, Papua New Guinea
The aim of this analysis was to examine the extent and possible seasonal nature of the secular trend in mean birthweight in the Purari delta, Papua New Guinea. This is a country undergoing rapid modernization, and with this has come a secular trend toward increased adult body size in some parts of the country but not others. Birthweight data, collected by month of delivery at Kapuna Hospital in the Purari delta between the years 1969 and 1996, wa…
Waiting for Trivers and Willard
Parental investment theory has been put forward as a major evolutionary argument explaining male or female biased birth sex ratio, the Trivers‐Willard (T‐W) hypothesis, predicting that parents living in good circumstances will bias their investment to sons, whereas parents in poor circumstances will bias their investment toward daughters. Tests of the T‐W hypothesis on human beings have shown limited evidence for parents appearing to differentiat…
Potential seasonal ecological challenge of heat strain among Australian Aboriginal people practicing traditional subsistence methods
It has been largely accepted that Australian Aboriginal people practicing hunting and gathering traditionally underused their objective economic possibilities by working short hours relative to nonhunter‐gatherer populations. However, the possibility that their subsistence quest might have been limited by potential heat strain has not been considered for Australian hunter‐gatherers. In this article the influence of work and heat load on the poten…
Comparative energetics of primate fetal growth
Among the primates, Homo sapiens has evolved a life history which includes long gestation, relatively slow growth to reproductive maturity, and large body size. While the slow growth rate may be linked to the energetic demands of having a large brain, there are other important morphological and physiological linkages that may be adaptive, including the development of significant fat stores with which to buffer against episodic and periodic energe…
Energetics and evolution
The study of energetics is important to human biology because the availability and utilization of food energy influence health, survival, and reproduction. Over the last decade, human biologists, biological anthropologists, and other evolutionary scientists have increasingly come to recognize the importance of energy dynamics in shaping evolutionary processes. Thus far, different lines of energetics research have been conducted largely in isolati…
Modernization and the diet of adults on Rarotonga, the Cook Islands
Serum insulin‐like growth factor‐I, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3, and the pubertal growth spurt in the female rhesus monkey
While there is good evidence suggesting IGF‐I links to pubertal development and crown‐rump length growth among rhesus monkeys, linkages between IGF‐I and other measures of morphological growth have not been established. In this study, the pubertal growth spurt in a number of morphological characteristics of female rhesus monkeys is related to serum endocrine status of insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and its binding protein, insulin‐like grow…
Maternal work and childhood nutritional status among the Purari, Papua New Guinea
In traditional economies, body size, physical work capacity, subsistence productivity, and nutrition of adults may be interrelated, and one cross‐generational effect of these relationships may operate through the household, influencing nutritional status of children. In this analysis, the relationships among adult body size, work productivity in terms of time spent making sago starch, dietary diversity, nutrient availability, and childhood nutrit…
Trends in body size, diet and food availability in the Cook Islands in the second half of the 20th century
Medicine (29 obras) · Biology (22 obras) · Demography (21 obras) · Population (18 obras) · Geography (17 obras) · Sociology (16 obras) · Demography (12 obras) · Internal Medicine (12 obras) · Ecology (10 obras) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (9 obras)