Kimberly C Brouwer
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 90138 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Kimberly C Brouwer |
| NOMBRES | Kimberly C |
| APELLIDO | Brouwer |
| FIRMA | BROUWER K C |
| AFILIACIONES | University of California San Diego |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2032-8452 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 50 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 54 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 50 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2005 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Migration intention and Indigenous social networks in the place of origin
Social Network Impacts and Moderators of Depression Among Indigenous Maya People Remaining in Place of Origin in the Migrant-Sending Guatemalan Western Highlands
Remaining in the place of origin while family, friends, and neighbors emigrate can have adverse effects on psychological well-being. Specific important relationships absent from one's social network can be especially impactful, while other relationships and network characteristics still available in the home network can be protective against psychological distress. The highlands of western Guatemala experience emigration at high rates and changin…
Doblemente tachada
Although nearly half of Guatemalans identify as Indigenous, little is known about the unique health experiences of Indigenous sexual minority individuals. We sought to explore how intersectional stigma impacts the health of Indigenous gay and bisexual men (GBM) in Guatemala. Between February and May 2021, we conducted in-depth qualitative interviews via Zoom with key stakeholders (n = 12) working with Indigenous GBM throughout Guatemala. We coded…
Assessing the effects of Enhanced Multicomponent Proactive Navigator-Assisted Cessation of Tobacco Use within a federally qualified health center (Empact-Us)
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05750537, Registered on March 1, 2023. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05750537
Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 among adult female sex workers at the Guatemala-Mexico border
Sex workers have been demonstrated to have increased vulnerabilities to HIV and a high population prevalence of the disease. Despite their increased risk, sex workers have been underrepresented in molecular epidemiology studies assessing HIV in Mesoamerica. This study aims to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and phylogenetic profile of HIV-1 within a cohort of HIV-positive female sex workers (FSW) situated at the Guatemala-Mexico bor…
Covid-19, violence, and mental health among Indigenous gay and bisexual men in Guatemala
We explored how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the health and wellbeing of Indigenous gay and bisexual men (GBM) in Guatemala, a group that experiences intersectional stigma and structural barriers to health. Between February and May 2021, we conducted in-depth qualitative interviews via Zoom with key stakeholders ( n = 11) working with Indigenous GBM throughout Guatemala. We coded thematically and conducted narrative analysis to identify the…
Sex Work Venue Disorder and HIV/STI Risk Among Female Sex Workers in Two México-US Border Cities
Economic vulnerability, violence, and sexual risk factors for HIV among female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico
Migration and Mobility
The goal of this paper is to determine the association between traveling to engage in sex work in another country and recent access to HIV testing among substance-using female sex workers (FSWs) in the Mexico-Guatemala border region. From 2012 to 2015, through modified time-location sampling and peer referral, 255 FSWs were recruited at Mexico's southern border. Participants completed questionnaires on sociodemographics, migration and mobility ex…
Through our own eyes and voices
Migration from Central America to the United States has become a strategy to escape economic poverty, exclusionary state policies and violence for people of Mayan descent. Under the principles Community Based Participatory Research, we explored the health concerns of Indigenous Mayans in rural migrant-sending communities of Guatemala using their own visual images and narratives through a Social Constructivist lens. Half of households in the study…
Intercepted journeys
Substance use and depressive psychiatric symptoms have been associated with migration and mobility. The Mexico-Guatemala border is a key transit point for internal, regional, and international migration flows. However, there is limited knowledge of the role of substance use, migration, and mobility on mental health among migrants at this border. Our paper explores the association of migration and mobility patterns with possible major depressive s…
Mujeres Unidas
Women using substances, vs. those who did not, demonstrated their potential to engage in ABCD strategies. Women's empowerment, safety, and health could be enhanced by communities engaging in ABCD strategies that build and bridge social capital for marginalized women who otherwise have few exit and recovery options
Overlapping Key Populations and HIV Transmission in Tijuana, Mexico
Tijuana, Mexico, has a concentrated HIV epidemic among overlapping key populations (KPs) including people who inject drugs (PWID), female sex workers (FSW), their male clients, and men who have sex with men (MSM). We developed a dynamic HIV transmission model among these KPs to determine the extent to which their unmet prevention and treatment needs is driving HIV transmission. Over 2020-2029 we estimated the proportion of new infections acquired…
Struggling bodies at the border
The Mexico-Guatemala border is the site of significant movement of people whose principal destination is the USA. The first step, to cross Mexico, is considered as one of the most dangerous routes in the world for undocumented migrants. For some male migrants and displaced persons from Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala, initiating sex work in the Mexican border city of Tapachula has become a way to earn money to survive during the trip northwar…
The influence of migration in substance use practices and HIV/STI–related risks of female sex workers at a dynamic border crossing
We explored the association of international migration with substance use and HIV/STI risk factors among female sex workers (FSW). Using modified time-location sampling, we recruited 266 FSW at the Mexico-Guatemala border. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationships. HIV risks, such as frequent hard drug use and drug use in another country, were greater for migrant compared to nonmigrant FSW. However, mor…
Associations between household environmental factors and immature mosquito abundance in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala
We found evidence that proximity to other houses and paved roads was associated with greater abundance of larvae and pupae. Understanding risk factors such as these can allow for improved targeting of surveillance and vector control measures in areas considered at higher risk for arbovirus transmission
We Were Isolated and We Had to Do Whatever They Said
Trafficked adolescent girls are at increased risk for sexual and physical abuse, HIV and STI (sexually transmitted infections) acquisition, mental health, and reproductive issues. While sex trafficking, in relation to adverse health outcomes, has been documented in prior research, this has been mainly explored once girls and women are already in the sex industry. However, less is known about the specific scenarios and contexts related to the recr…
Influence of indoor work environments on health, safety, and human rights among migrant sex workers at the Guatemala-Mexico Border
BACKGROUND: Migrant women are over-represented in the sex industry, and migrant sex workers experience disproportionate health inequities, including those related to health access, HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and violence. Despite calls for occupational sex work interventions situated in labour rights frameworks, there remains a paucity of evidence pertaining to migrant sex workers' needs and realities, particularly within Mex…
Women in Sex Work and the Risk Environment
Childhood Experiences of Sexual Violence, Pregnancy, and Marriage Associated With Child Sex Trafficking Among Female Sex Workers in Two US–Mexico Border Cities
Objectives. To quantitatively assess the relationships of childhood experiences of marriage, pregnancy, and sexual violence with underage sex trafficking. Methods. Cross-sectional survey data from a population-based sample of 603 female sex workers from Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, were collected in 2013 and 2014, and we analyzed the data to evaluate relationships between pregnancy, marriage, and sexual violence when younger than 16 years, …
HIV Risk Behaviors and Correlates of Inconsistent Condom Use Among Substance Using Migrants at the Mexico/Guatemala Border
He invited me and didn't ask anything in return” Migration and Mobility as Vulnerabilities for Sexual Exploitation among Female Adolescents in Mexico
Although human trafficking is recognized as a major human rights violation, there is limited evidence regarding the vulnerabilities that contribute to female adolescents' risk of being forced or coerced into the sex trade. Vulnerabilities such as gender-based violence, economic and social inequalities have been shown to shape the risk of sexual exploitation among adolescents. In-depth interviews (n=18) with current sex workers who reported being …
Exploring the Context and Implementation of Public Health Regulations Governing Sex Work
Migration, violence, and safety among migrant sex workers
Despite reports of high levels of violence among women migrants in Central America, limited evidence exists regarding the health and safety of migrant sex workers in Central America. This study is based on 16 months of field research (November 2012-February 2014), including ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews, and focus groups conducted with 52 internal and international migrant female sex workers in Tecún Umán and Quetzaltenango, Guatema…
Structural Determinants of Client Perpetrated Violence Among Female Sex Workers in Two Mexico-U.S. Border Cities
Respondent-Driven Sampling of Injection Drug Users in Two U.S.–Mexico Border Cities
Respondent-driven sampling (RDS), a chain referral sampling approach, is increasingly used to recruit participants from hard-to-reach populations, such as injection drug users (IDUs). Using RDS, we recruited IDUs in Tijuana and Ciudad (Cd.) Juárez, two Mexican cities bordering San Diego, CA and El Paso, TX, respectively, and compared recruitment dynamics, reported network size, and estimates of HIV and syphilis prevalence. Between February and Ap…
Estimated Numbers of Men and Women Infected with HIV/Aids in Tijuana, Mexico
A tale of two cities
He invited me and didn't ask anything in return” Migration and Mobility as Vulnerabilities for Sexual Exploitation among Female Adolescents in Mexico
Although human trafficking is recognized as a major human rights violation, there is limited evidence regarding the vulnerabilities that contribute to female adolescents' risk of being forced or coerced into the sex trade. Vulnerabilities such as gender-based violence, economic and social inequalities have been shown to shape the risk of sexual exploitation among adolescents. In-depth interviews (n=18) with current sex workers who reported being …
We Were Isolated and We Had to Do Whatever They Said
Trafficked adolescent girls are at increased risk for sexual and physical abuse, HIV and STI (sexually transmitted infections) acquisition, mental health, and reproductive issues. While sex trafficking, in relation to adverse health outcomes, has been documented in prior research, this has been mainly explored once girls and women are already in the sex industry. However, less is known about the specific scenarios and contexts related to the recr…
Through our own eyes and voices
Migration from Central America to the United States has become a strategy to escape economic poverty, exclusionary state policies and violence for people of Mayan descent. Under the principles Community Based Participatory Research, we explored the health concerns of Indigenous Mayans in rural migrant-sending communities of Guatemala using their own visual images and narratives through a Social Constructivist lens. Half of households in the study…
Examining the Spatial Distribution of Law Enforcement Encounters among People Who Inject Drugs after Implementation of Mexico’s Drug Policy Reform
Struggling bodies at the border
The Mexico-Guatemala border is the site of significant movement of people whose principal destination is the USA. The first step, to cross Mexico, is considered as one of the most dangerous routes in the world for undocumented migrants. For some male migrants and displaced persons from Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala, initiating sex work in the Mexican border city of Tapachula has become a way to earn money to survive during the trip northwar…
Women in Sex Work and the Risk Environment
Influences of Cross-Border Mobility on Tuberculosis Diagnoses and Treatment Interruption Among Injection Drug Users in Tijuana, Mexico
Objectives. We sought to identify correlates of reported lifetime diagnoses of TB among injection drug users in the border city of Tijuana, Mexico. Methods. Injection drug users in Tijuana were recruited into a prospective cohort study during 2006 and 2007. We used weighted multivariate logistic regression to identify correlates of TB diagnoses. Results. Of the 1056 participants, 103 (9.8%) reported a history of TB, among whom 93% received anti-T…
Historical trends in the production and consumption of illicit drugs in Mexico
HIV Prevalence and Correlates of Receptive Needle Sharing Among Injection Drug Users in the Mexican-U.S. Border City of Tijuana
Injection drug use is a growing but understudied problem in Tijuana, a city situated on the northwestern Mexico-U.S border. The authors studied factors associated with receptive needle sharing in an effort to inform prevention activities. In 2003, street-recruited injection drug users (IDUs) in Tijuana underwent interviews on injection risk behaviors and rapid HIV antibody tests. Logistic regression was used to identify correlates of receptive ne…
Trends in Production, Trafficking, and Consumption of Methamphetamine and Cocaine in Mexico
Over the past decade, Mexico has experienced a significant increase in trafficking of cocaine and trafficking and production of methamphetamine. An estimated 70% of United States cocaine originating in South America passes through the Central America-Mexico corridor. Mexico-based groups are now believed to control 70%-90% of methamphetamine production and distribution in the United States. Increased availability of these drugs at reduced prices h…
A Qualitative Exploration of Gender in the Context of Injection Drug Use in Two US–Mexico Border Cities
Estimated Numbers of Men and Women Infected with HIV/Aids in Tijuana, Mexico
Respondent-Driven Sampling of Injection Drug Users in Two U.S.–Mexico Border Cities
Respondent-driven sampling (RDS), a chain referral sampling approach, is increasingly used to recruit participants from hard-to-reach populations, such as injection drug users (IDUs). Using RDS, we recruited IDUs in Tijuana and Ciudad (Cd.) Juárez, two Mexican cities bordering San Diego, CA and El Paso, TX, respectively, and compared recruitment dynamics, reported network size, and estimates of HIV and syphilis prevalence. Between February and Ap…
Injecting drug users’ experiences of policing practices in two Mexican–U.S. border cities
At the Borders, on the Edge
At the Borders, on the Edge
Deportation Along the U.S.–Mexico Border
Shooting Gallery Attendance among IDUs in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
Healthcare Barriers of Refugees Post-resettlement
The majority of refugees spend the greater part of their lives in refugee camps before repatriation or resettlement to a host country. Limited resources and stress during residence in refugee camps can lead to a variety of acute and chronic diseases which often persist upon resettlement. However, for most resettled refugees little is known about their health needs beyond a health assessment completed upon entry. We conducted a qualitative pilot-s…
Cross-border paid plasma donation among injection drug users in two Mexico–U.S. border cities
A tale of two cities
Influences of Cross-Border Mobility on Tuberculosis Diagnoses and Treatment Interruption Among Injection Drug Users in Tijuana, Mexico
Objectives. We sought to identify correlates of reported lifetime diagnoses of TB among injection drug users in the border city of Tijuana, Mexico. Methods. Injection drug users in Tijuana were recruited into a prospective cohort study during 2006 and 2007. We used weighted multivariate logistic regression to identify correlates of TB diagnoses. Results. Of the 1056 participants, 103 (9.8%) reported a history of TB, among whom 93% received anti-T…
Under- and Over-Nutrition Among Refugees in San Diego County, California
Resettled refugees often arrive in their host country with little knowledge of nutrition or available food choices. We explored nutrition-related issues of recent refugee arrivals to San Diego County-the second largest California resettlement site. In-depth interviews (n = 40) were conducted with refugees, health care practitioners, and refugee service organizations. Content analysis identified nutrition-related themes. Unhealthy weight gain afte…
The risk of using paid plasma
Efficacy of integrated school based de-worming and prompt malaria treatment on helminths -Plasmodium falciparum co-infections
BACKGROUND: The geographical congruency in distribution of helminths and Plasmodium falciparum makes polyparasitism a common phenomenon in Sub Saharan Africa. The devastating effects of helminths-Plasmodium co-infections on primary school health have raised global interest for integrated control. However little is known on the feasibility, timing and efficacy of integrated helminths-Plasmodium control strategies. A study was conducted in Zimbabwe…
Correlates of STI symptoms among female sex workers with truck driver clients in two Mexican border towns
The associations we observed between recent STI symptoms and drug and alcohol use suggest that interventions are needed that promote consistent and effective safer sex practices, especially while under the influence of alcohol or other substances
The Effect of Geography on HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Tijuana’s Red Light District
Spatial Epidemiology of HIV Among Injection Drug Users in Tijuana, Mexico
hotspot near the Mexico/U.S. border, encompassing the red-light district. Spatial correlates of HIV included syphilis infection, female gender, younger age, increased hours on the street per day, and higher number of injection partners. Almost all HIV seroconverters injected within a 2.5 block radius of each other immediately prior to seroconversion. Only history of syphilis infection and female gender were strongly associated with HIV in the are…
Venue-level correlates of female sex worker registration status
In Tijuana, Mexico, sex work is regulated by the municipal government, through registration cards issued to female sex workers (FSWs) for an annual fee. Registration has been associated with decreased drug use and increase condom use and HIV testing. Previously, it was demonstrated that FSWs operating in bars were more likely than street-based FSWs to be registered. This implies that certain venues may be more accessible to local authorities for …
Evaluating Outcome-Correlated Recruitment and Geographic Recruitment Bias in a Respondent-Driven Sample of People Who Inject Drugs in Tijuana, Mexico
Correlates of injecting in an HIV incidence hotspot among substance users in Tijuana, Mexico
Examining the Spatial Distribution of Law Enforcement Encounters among People Who Inject Drugs after Implementation of Mexico’s Drug Policy Reform
Medicine (45 obras) · HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk (39 obras) · Environmental health (34 obras) · Sex work and related issues (30 obras) · Sociology (27 obras) · Demography (26 obras) · Demography (22 obras) · Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV (21 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (20 obras) · Political science (18 obras)