J Nichols
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 928 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | J Nichols |
| NOMBRES | J |
| APELLIDO | Nichols |
| FIRMA | NICHOLS J |
| AFILIACIONES | University of California, Berkeley |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3709-1861 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 62 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 258 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 62 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1971 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Geospatial effects on phonological complexity in the world’s languages
Linguistic complexity has generally been seen as influenced by ecological, demographic, and sociolinguistic factors and has been approached by seeking correlations of increased complexity along one linguistic dimension with one or another extralinguistic factor. Here we use a multidimensional definition of phonological complexity and analyze its global patterning quantitatively across predefined continents or sets of continents. We use linear and…
Drastic demographic events triggered the Uralic spread
The widespread Uralic family offers several advantages for tracing prehistory: a firm absolute chronological anchor point in an ancient contact episode with well-dated Indo-Iranian; other points of intersection or diagnostic non-intersection with early Indo-European (the Late Proto-Indo-European-speaking Yamnaya culture of the western steppe, the Afanasievo culture of the upper Yenisei, and the Fatyanovo culture of the middle Volga); lexical and …
Towards an interdisciplinary perspective for the study of human expansions and biocultural diversity in the Americas
Chechen and Ingush
This chapter is a grammar sketch of Chechen and Ingush, which form the Vainakh subbranch of the Nakh branch of the Nakh-Daghestanian family. The emphasis is on Chechen, since a reference grammar of Ingush exists. Attention is given to points of typological and theoretical interest. Chechen and Ingush distinguish themselves from the Daghestanian languages by having a much richer set of vowel phonemes, containing short and long diphthongs. Accompan…
Introduction
Actionality (also referred to by labels such as “lexical aspect” or “aktionsart”) is the semantic dimension that encodes the constituent phases and boundaries of situations. Despite its central role in aspectual interpretation, careful language-specific descriptions and typological surveys of actional systems have been rare thus far. In this introduction, we describe the steps that lead to the compilation of the present special issue. We discuss …
The Origin and Dispersal of Uralic
Recent progress in comparative linguistics, distributional typology, and linguistic geography allows a unified model of Uralic prehistory to take shape. Proto-Uralic first introduced an eastern grammatical profile to central and western Eurasia, where it has remained quite stable. Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Uralic had no connection, either genealogical or areal, until the spreading Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European came into contact with th…
Appositive possession in Ainu and around the Pacific
Some languages around the Pacific have multiple possessive classes of alienable constructions using appositive nouns or classifiers. This pattern differs from the most common kind of alienable/inalienable distinction, which involves marking, usually affixal, on the possessum, and has only one class of alienables. The Japanese language isolate Ainu has possessive marking that is reminiscent of the Circum-Pacific pattern. It is distinctive, however…
Climate and anthropogenic controls on blue carbon sequestration in Hudson River tidal marsh, Piermont, New York
Tidal marshes globally are experiencing erosion with sea level rise. In order to adaptively plan for essential marsh preservation, we recognize the importance of the investigation of marsh archives for the perspective they provide toward resilience. Our objective in this study is to examine the relationship of tidal marsh carbon sequestration with both climate change and human impact throughout past centuries and millennia. A Hudson River marsh s…
Agreement with overt and null arguments in Ingush
Ingush (Nakh-Daghestanian, Caucasus) offers a variety of contexts with contrast, variation, or speaker choice between agreement and non-agreement and between overt and null arguments, which provide speakers many opportunities to manipulate agreement and argument marking. Ingush discourse is therefore a good test case for the plausible hypothesis that agreement and overt arguments are in complementary distribution. I survey referential density in …
NP recursion over time
NP recursion over time
Some languages constrain the recursive embedding of NPs to some specific morphosyntactic types, allowing it, for example, only with genitives but not with bare juxtaposition. In Indo-European, every type of NP embedding-genitives, adjectivizers, adpositions, head marking, or juxtaposition-is unavailable for syntactic recursion in at least one attested language. In addition, attested pathways of change show that NP types that allow recursion can e…
How America Was Colonized
Causativization and contact in Nakh-Daghestanian
Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Languages of the Caucasus (2013), pp. 68-80
Ingush Transitivization and Detransitivization
Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1982)
Subject, Topic, and Control in Russian
Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1980), pp. 372-386
Verbal Semantics and Sentence Construction
Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1975), pp. 343-353
Transitivity and Foregrounding in the North Caucasus
Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1981), pp. 202-221
On Direct and Oblique Cases
Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1983), pp. 170-192
Hierarchical marginal land assessment for land use planning
The Directionality of Agreement
Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1985), pp. 273-286
Chapter 2. Indeterminate motion verbs are denominal
Slavic indeterminate verbs of motion are better analyzed as denominal verbs than as causatives. They owe their *-o- vocalism, their *-i- stem suffixes, and their indeterminate aspectuality to their denominal origin. Some of them may originally have been Indo-European causatives, but were reanalyzed as denominal in a larger typological shift of the Slavic verbal lexicon from verb-based to noun-based. The same type shift also facilitated the format…
Case in Ingush syntax
This paper reviews the morphological and syntactic patterns and the patterns of lexical derivation in Ingush (Nakh-Daghestanian, Caucasus) in pursuit of a typological generalization about alignment in the language. Morphological case paradigms are almost entirely ergative. Simple clause alignment is split among several salient and several minor patterns. Wherever constraints on syntactic phenomena refer to morphology (and many of them do), they a…
Tutorial on Computational Linguistic Phylogeny
Over the last 10 or more years, there has been a tremendous increase in the use of computational techniques (many of which come directly from biology) for estimating evolutionary histories (i.e., phylogenies) of languages. This tutorial surveys the different methods and different types of linguistic data that have been used to estimate phylogenies, explains the scientific and mathematical foundations of phylogenetic estimation, and presents metho…
Language Spread Rates and Prehistoric American Migration Rates
Spread rates for language families can be calculated from the family's range (which is generally known rather precisely) and age (which is only rarely known precisely but can often be estimated with useful accuracy). Spread rates are calculated here for a number of different language families and subfamilies in different cultural and economic contexts. Deliberate long-distance migrations, imperial conquest, and transport using wheels or sails mak…
Inflectional synthesis of the verb
Head-Marking and Dependent-Marking Grammar
Morphological marking of grammatical relations may appear on either the head or the dependent member of the constituent (or on both, or on neither). Grammatical relations—and whole languages—may be classified according to their propensity for using one of these types of marking. Implicational relations among various marking patterns can be stated: languages display a tendency to use one type consistently throughout their grammar. The difference i…
Modeling Ancient Population Structures and Movement in Linguistics
Linguistic population structure is described in terms of language families. Geographical distributions of language families respond to climate, latitude, and economic factors. Characteristic shapes of phylogenetic descent trees for language families reflect particular types, rates, directionalities, and chronologies of spread. Languages move in predictable ways in particular geographical, economic, and social contexts. In this chapter, the lingui…
Linguistic Diversity and the First Settlement of the New World
The oft-noted genetic and typological diversity of the languages of the New World is due not to accidents of history but to the operation of regular principles of linguistic geography. Four building blocks of a theory of linguistic diversity are presented here: a classification and measures of diversity, an account of the causes of diversity, measures of rates of differentiation, and means of estimating the age of a linguistic population. On the …
Diminutive Consonant Symbolism in Western North America
Alteration of root consonants is a frequent means of expressing the diminutive in many of the languages of western North America. Interlingual comparison reveals phonetic consistencies between diminutive shifts of the languages for which information on sound symbolism is available. Increased hardness of articulation and higher pitch constitute the phonetic bases of diminutive shifting. Markedness and the form of the phonemic system are less impor…
Language Spread Rates and Prehistoric American Migration Rates
Spread rates for language families can be calculated from the family's range (which is generally known rather precisely) and age (which is only rarely known precisely but can often be estimated with useful accuracy). Spread rates are calculated here for a number of different language families and subfamilies in different cultural and economic contexts. Deliberate long-distance migrations, imperial conquest, and transport using wheels or sails mak…
Hierarchical marginal land assessment for land use planning
The Amerind Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns with first person n and second person m have been claimed to be frequent in the native languages of the Americas, widespread there, and rare elsewhere, and thus to indicate genetic unity of Amerind. A controlled cross-linguistic survey shows that these pronouns have an extensive yet restricted geographical range limited to the western Americas, and that they recur (though not frequently) elsewhere around the Pacific rim. This di…
Evidentiality
Appositive possession in Ainu and around the Pacific
Some languages around the Pacific have multiple possessive classes of alienable constructions using appositive nouns or classifiers. This pattern differs from the most common kind of alienable/inalienable distinction, which involves marking, usually affixal, on the possessum, and has only one class of alienables. The Japanese language isolate Ainu has possessive marking that is reminiscent of the Circum-Pacific pattern. It is distinctive, however…
Towards an interdisciplinary perspective for the study of human expansions and biocultural diversity in the Americas
Tutorial on Computational Linguistic Phylogeny
Over the last 10 or more years, there has been a tremendous increase in the use of computational techniques (many of which come directly from biology) for estimating evolutionary histories (i.e., phylogenies) of languages. This tutorial surveys the different methods and different types of linguistic data that have been used to estimate phylogenies, explains the scientific and mathematical foundations of phylogenetic estimation, and presents metho…
The Silent Majority
INTRODUCTION WOMEN'S MOVEMENTS AND SOCIAL WORK IN ENGLAND AND THE U.S.A. With the new wave of feminism of the mid-sixties in England and North America and a little later in Australia, where it is generally expressed through the Women's Liberation Movement or the Women's Electoral Lobby, many professional women's groups have begun to criticize what they believe is unfair discrimination against women within their professions
NP recursion over time
Some languages constrain the recursive embedding of NPs to some specific morphosyntactic types, allowing it, for example, only with genitives but not with bare juxtaposition. In Indo-European, every type of NP embedding-genitives, adjectivizers, adpositions, head marking, or juxtaposition-is unavailable for syntactic recursion in at least one attested language. In addition, attested pathways of change show that NP types that allow recursion can e…
More on Human Phylogeny and Linguistic History
Agreement with overt and null arguments in Ingush
Ingush (Nakh-Daghestanian, Caucasus) offers a variety of contexts with contrast, variation, or speaker choice between agreement and non-agreement and between overt and null arguments, which provide speakers many opportunities to manipulate agreement and argument marking. Ingush discourse is therefore a good test case for the plausible hypothesis that agreement and overt arguments are in complementary distribution. I survey referential density in …
Who are the Chechen
Ergativity and linguistic geography
Nothing in our present understanding of accusative and ergative structures and their functions would predict major discrepancies in the frequencies of alignments in the various continents, but such asymmetries exist: Australia and Eurasia have far more ergative languages than expected, the New World has far more stative‐active languages, and Africa has far fewer non‐accusative languages. In terms of its association with other grammatical features…
Dynamics of a Creole System
Diminutive Consonant Symbolism in Western North America
Alteration of root consonants is a frequent means of expressing the diminutive in many of the languages of western North America. Interlingual comparison reveals phonetic consistencies between diminutive shifts of the languages for which information on sound symbolism is available. Increased hardness of articulation and higher pitch constitute the phonetic bases of diminutive shifting. Markedness and the form of the phonemic system are less impor…
The Silent Majority
INTRODUCTION WOMEN'S MOVEMENTS AND SOCIAL WORK IN ENGLAND AND THE U.S.A. With the new wave of feminism of the mid-sixties in England and North America and a little later in Australia, where it is generally expressed through the Women's Liberation Movement or the Women's Electoral Lobby, many professional women's groups have begun to criticize what they believe is unfair discrimination against women within their professions
Dynamics of a Creole System
Secondary Predicates
Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1978), pp. 114-127
The Meeting of East and West
Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1979), pp. 260-276
Pidginization and foreigner talk
Studies in Dependency Syntax
The Case for Surface Case
Predicate instrumental and ageement in lithuanian
Another Typology of Relatives
Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984), pp. 524-541
Functional Theories of Grammar
Infrastructures are material forms that allow for the possibility of exchange over space. They are the physical networks through which goods, ideas, waste, power, people, and finance are trafficked. In this article I trace the range of anthropological ...Read More
How Conifers Became Oaks in the Caucasus
Aspect and Georgian Medial Verbs
Head-Marking and Dependent-Marking Grammar
Morphological marking of grammatical relations may appear on either the head or the dependent member of the constituent (or on both, or on neither). Grammatical relations—and whole languages—may be classified according to their propensity for using one of these types of marking. Implicational relations among various marking patterns can be stated: languages display a tendency to use one type consistently throughout their grammar. The difference i…
On alienable and inalienable possession
The Origin of Nominal Classification
Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1989), pp. 409-420
Linguistic Diversity and the First Settlement of the New World
The oft-noted genetic and typological diversity of the languages of the New World is due not to accidents of history but to the operation of regular principles of linguistic geography. Four building blocks of a theory of linguistic diversity are presented here: a classification and measures of diversity, an account of the causes of diversity, measures of rates of differentiation, and means of estimating the age of a linguistic population. On the …
More on Human Phylogeny and Linguistic History
Evidentiality
Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time
Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
Transitive and causative in the Slavic lexicon
Ergativity and linguistic geography
Nothing in our present understanding of accusative and ergative structures and their functions would predict major discrepancies in the frequencies of alignments in the various continents, but such asymmetries exist: Australia and Eurasia have far more ergative languages than expected, the New World has far more stative‐active languages, and Africa has far fewer non‐accusative languages. In terms of its association with other grammatical features…
The spread of language around the pacific rim
The spread of humans around the Pacific rim, ultimately to colonize the Pacific and the New World, began about 50,000 years ago. The languages of Australasia and the New World are a reservoir of potential clues to the chronology, origins, and process of human colonization, and linguists are seeking methods to tap this reservoir. Standard linguistic comparative‐historical method is unable to reach back in time more than about 8,000 years because r…
Who are the Chechen
The Geography of Language Origins
Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on The Role of Learnability in Grammatical Theory (1996)
Linguistics (39 obras) · Philosophy (37 obras) · Computer Science (27 obras) · History (21 obras) · Geography (17 obras) · Linguistics and language evolution (17 obras) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (16 obras) · Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation (16 obras) · Psychology (13 obras) · Sociology (12 obras)