Jarrod Shanahan
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 940129 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Jarrod Shanahan |
| NOMBRES | Jarrod |
| APELLIDO | Shanahan |
| FIRMA | SHANAHAN J |
| AFILIACIONES | Cornell University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8807-276X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 61 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 569 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 61 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1990 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 11 |
Cultivation at 50
Cultivation is a prominent and prolific theory in communication research, one that articulated new theoretical parameters and became the focus of intense national policy debates during the field’s formative era. As cultivation reaches its 50th anniversary, it is fitting to review the storied biographical provenance of the theory, the yin and yang of its intellectual internecine conflicts, the evolution of the theory’s development with the additio…
The moderating role of partisanship in the relationship between perceptions of media bias and Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in the U.S
This study examines the moderating role of political partisanship between perceptions of media bias and vaccine hesitancy. Data from three cross-sectional online surveys, collected in the summer of 2021, are analyzed. The results show that the variation in perception of media bias contributes to vaccine hesitancy more among Republicans, compared to Democrats
An Analysis of Questions from Teachers' Online Groups
Background or Context: During the first months of the COVID pandemic, teachers were forced to move to online instruction without the appropriate resources. They resorted to social media to gather expertise and ideas. This study is grounded in an analysis of the questions posed by K–12 teachers on popular Facebook groups. Purpose, Objective, Research Question, or Focus of Study: The authors argue that a close analysis of what K–12 educators are as…
Television and the Mainstreaming of Political Attitudes
Cultivation and social media
This is a meta-analysis of 460 effect sizes, from 66 independent samples, comparing social media usage to a variety of attitudes and beliefs, from the perspective of cultivation theory. We found an overall effect size of .123 and identified several significant moderators. Our analyses revealed higher effects for studies looking at exposure to specific types of content (as compared with general social media use), for younger samples, and for Asian…
Television, Authoritarianism, and Support for Trump
Many factors contributed to support for Donald Trump in the 2016 US presidential election, among them media influences. Morgan and Shanahan (2017) found that television viewing was associated with support for Trump, mediated through authoritarianism. In light of the changes in the political and media environments during Trump’s presidency, our study examined whether Morgan and Shanahan’s (2017) findings still held in the 2020 US presidential elec…
Television, Continuity, and Change
This study is a meta-analysis of cultivation research from the 1970s to the present, based on three-level analyses of 3842 effect sizes from 406 independent samples. We found an overall effect size of .107 that varies only within a fairly narrow range across many potential moderators. Cultivation effects remain stable over the decades, implying an enduring relationship between television’s message system and viewers’ conceptions of social reality…
‘Fight the reds, support the blue’
In the wake of the rightwing siege of the US Capitol, which put ‘Blue Lives Matter’ supporters at odds with police protecting the Capitol, the authors look to the history and contours of the ‘counter-subversive tradition’ in the United States and its locus in local police departments. They examine a similar moment of social unrest – the mid-to-late 1960s – and the pro-police organising undertaken by Support Your Local Police (SYLP), a front group…
Public support for local adaptation policy
Social change, cultural resistance
In the last decades, there have been substantial changes in public attitudes toward gender roles and in television’s landscape and messages. Our meta-analysis of nearly 50 years of studies of television’s contribution to gender role attitudes is based on 485 effect sizes from 69 independent samples (N = 57,542) and reveals an overall effect size of .102. While we found no evidence of any decline of this association over time, it is significantly …
Theorizing inconsistent media selection in the digital environment
Choice inconsistency has long been studied in behavioral economics. In this article we critically review theories of media choice, showing that they have not explicitly dealt with this phenomenon. Although digitalization has recently made it more salient, the communication literature on inconsistent choice still remains highly fragmented. We draw on behavioral economics literature to address blind spots in our theorization of inconsistent media s…
Rikers Island
New York City’s Rikers jail complex is gripped by a crisis of legitimacy. Following a series of investigations, it has been denounced as a major symbol of criminal justice dysfunction, with calls for its closure and replacement with new smaller “state of the art” jails. Yet, when it opened, Rikers was hailed as a “model” facility, at the cutting edge of prison design and prisoner rehabilitation. To elucidate the present situation, we provide a fo…
Asymmetrical perceptions of partisan political bots
Political bots are social media algorithms that impersonate political actors and interact with other users, aiming to influence public opinion. This study investigates the ability to differentiate bots with partisan personas from humans on Twitter. Our online experiment ( N = 656) explores how various characteristics of the participants and of the stimulus profiles bias recognition accuracy. The analysis reveals asymmetrical partisan-motivated re…
New York City’s captive work force
The Violence Profile
This study examines violence in prime-time broadcast network television programs aired between 1967 and 2015. The data show that violence has been a consistent and central part of programming, although levels vary by genre. Violence decreased in the 1990s, due mostly to the greater prominence of sitcoms and crime-related procedurals (such as Law & Order and CSI), which feature fewer explicit acts of violence. However, violence is making a serious…
Visiting Day” at Rikers Island
Wacquant (2002) calls for ethnography to meet the jailhouse on its own terms, noting the dearth of first-hand writing from the carceral facility. This article describes a creative representation of qualitative research made by the author and two creative collaborators that both meets Wacquant’s call and problematizes it; meets it, as we depict the functioning of the visitation process at Rikers Island based on our first-hand experience on both si…
What Do We Know About the Entertainment Industry’s Portrayal of Science? How Does It Affect Public Attitudes Toward Science?
Because the entertainment media command most of the attention of the mass audience most of the time, across the years scholars have devoted significant energy to understanding their impact. However, despite the large amount of entertainment content that is science-focused, the field of science communication has focused comparatively little attention on it. Not many researchers have assumed that entertainment bears an important relationship on how…
Television and the Cultivation of Authoritarianism
The 2016 Presidential election brought a surprise: the rise of Donald Trump as a viable candidate for the Republican nomination. What started as a seeming publicity stunt morphed into something more. Trump raised fears of authoritarianism—and even fascism—that were thought to be mostly confined to other countries. This study uses a national sample to examine television viewing’s relationship to authoritarian values. We find that heavy viewers of …
Cultivation Theory
Cultivation theory is concerned with the most general consequences of long‐term exposure to centrally produced, commercially supported systems of stories. Cultivation analysis concentrates on the common consequences of living with television: the cultivation of stable, resistant, and widely shared assumptions and conceptions reflecting the institutional interests of the medium and the larger society. The range of topics examined by cultivation ha…
Social media cultivating perceptions of privacy
In light of the omnipresence of personal information exchange in the virtual world, this study examines the effects of Facebook use on privacy perceptions and self-disclosure behaviors across a 5-year period from 2010 to 2015. Findings at the global level support the socializing role of Facebook in cultivating more relaxed privacy attitudes, subsequently increasing self-disclosure in both offline and online contexts. However, longitudinal trends …
Yesterday's New Cultivation, Tomorrow
This article explores the continued applicability of cultivation theory in a new media environment. Previous theoretical and empirical work on media that were “new” at the time (such as cable TV and VCRs) is reviewed as context. Changes in the social and media conditions on which cultivation were premised are also discussed. Some ideas for new methodological approaches to cultivation measurement and study design are offered. Gerbner's thoughts on…
TV News Framing Supports Societal Poverty Solutions
An analysis of television and newspaper coverage of poverty indicates that coverage has focused largely on societal-level, as opposed to individual causes and solutions. Television news viewing was positively associated with viewers' perceived government responsibility for solving problems
Science on Television in the 21st Century
Twenty-five years after George Gerbner and colleagues’ seminal report on television and science attitudes, there is a need to update the data on television’s portrayals of science and to revisit the cultivation question. We address this need by analyzing 21st-century television depictions of science and examining the relationships between exposure to television and attitudes toward science with an analysis of 2006 General Social Survey data. Cont…
Environmental Values and the Social Amplification of Risk
As human interaction with wildlife increases due to population growth and development, wildlife managers and risk professionals have increasingly recognized the importance of citizen participation in risk management decision making. Employing a general population telephone survey of upstate New York residents and using a structural equation model analysis, this study examines the roles that environmental values and media use play in promoting pub…
The State of Cultivation
Cultivation analysis investigates television's contributions to viewers' conceptions of social reality. Developed by George Gerbner in the 1960s, cultivation research continues to expand in numerous directions, with over 125 new studies published since 2000. This article reviews the history of cultivation theory and takes stock of recent trends in the field. We argue that cultivation has taken on certain paradigmatic qualities, and we consider th…
The State of Cultivation
Cultivation analysis investigates television's contributions to viewers' conceptions of social reality. Developed by George Gerbner in the 1960s, cultivation research continues to expand in numerous directions, with over 125 new studies published since 2000. This article reviews the history of cultivation theory and takes stock of recent trends in the field. We argue that cultivation has taken on certain paradigmatic qualities, and we consider th…
Think about it This Way
This study examined the attribute agenda-setting function of the media, which refers to significant correspondence between prominent issue attributes in the media and the agenda of attributes among audiences. An opinion survey on a local issue and a content analysis of a local newspaper revealed that, by covering certain issue aspects more prominently, the media increase the salience of these aspects among audience members. We also found an impor…
Perceived Support for One's Opinions and Willingness to Speak Out
Journal Article Perceived Support for One's Opinions and Willingness to Speak Out: A Meta-Analysis of Survey Studies on the 'Spiral of Silence' Get access CARROLL J. GLYNN, CARROLL J. GLYNN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ANDREW F. HAYES, ANDREW F. HAYES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JAMES SHANAHAN JAMES SHANAHAN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Ac…
Are Issue-Cycles Culturally Constructed? A Comparison of French and American Coverage of Global Climate Change
We present a cross-cultural comparison of newspaper coverage of global warming in France and in the United States (1987-1997) as a case study to analyze the impact of culturally bound journalistic practices on media attention cycles. Based on the results of a content analysis, we show that France's coverage was more event-based, focused more on international relations, and presented a more restricted range of viewpoints on global warming than Ame…
Trends
Cet article examine quelques tendances de l'opinion publique americaine au sujet des modifications genetiques dans l'agriculture et dans l'alimentation : le degre d'information et les attitudes adoptees sur la question, le comportement de consommateur en termes d'achats mais aussi en matiere d'etiquetage des produits
Public Diplomacy, Television News, and Muslim Opinion
Scholars agree that extreme anti-American sentiment is pervasive across the predominantly Muslim countries of the world, but disagree about the sources of these negative perceptions. Some researchers point to cultural, religious, and value divisions as primary factors shaping negative perceptions of the United States, while others emphasize internal Muslim state politics, comparatively low levels of economic and social development, and failure to…
Yesterday's New Cultivation, Tomorrow
This article explores the continued applicability of cultivation theory in a new media environment. Previous theoretical and empirical work on media that were “new” at the time (such as cable TV and VCRs) is reviewed as context. Changes in the social and media conditions on which cultivation were premised are also discussed. Some ideas for new methodological approaches to cultivation measurement and study design are offered. Gerbner's thoughts on…
Social media cultivating perceptions of privacy
In light of the omnipresence of personal information exchange in the virtual world, this study examines the effects of Facebook use on privacy perceptions and self-disclosure behaviors across a 5-year period from 2010 to 2015. Findings at the global level support the socializing role of Facebook in cultivating more relaxed privacy attitudes, subsequently increasing self-disclosure in both offline and online contexts. However, longitudinal trends …
Media Attention and Exposure in Relation to Support for Agricultural Biotechnology
This article shows that attention to television news, science television, and entertainment television are all significantly related to a composite measure of agricultural biotechnology support after controlling for demographics as well as self-reported biotechnology awareness, trust in institutions, and perceived role of science. These findings contradict previous commentary that suggested that no measurable relationship exists between communica…
Environmental Content in Prime-Time Network TV's Non-News Entertainment and Fictional Programs
Using Narratives to Think About Environmental Attitude and Behavior
This article develops an exploratory technique for assessing environmental concern using narratives. The technique is compared to traditional techniques for assessing concern, such as measures related to the new environmental paradigm (NEP). A national survey asked respondents to rate outcomes of a story with environmental consequences as negative or positive. Responses tapped distinct dimensions of concern from the NEP. Narrative responses also …
Do Citizens Want to Have Their Say? Media, Agricultural Biotechnology, and Authoritarian Views of Democratic Processes in Science
Public participation in policy decision making related to agricultural biotechnology is encouraged in various countries. However, participation is not likely to be widespread in the United States if citizens feel that their input does not need to be taken into account. This article examines citizens' authoritarian views of decision processes related to agricultural biotechnology and media's role in the development of such attitudes. Our model tes…
Two Decades of Cultivation Research
This chapter presents a theoretical review and meta-analysis of cultivation research. The authors examine the roots of cultivation analysis, as developed by George Gerbner and colleagues, and review the progress made in cultivation research since its inception in the 1970s. They also review some of the critiques that have been made of cultivation theory over the years and provide their own critical review and responses. They then offer a meta-ana…
Television's Portrayal of the Environment
This paper examines data from an ongoing project which content analyzes television's messages about environmental issues. The data are weeklong samples taken yearly from prime-time network television programs sampled in the Boston, Massachusetts, and Ithaca, New York, areas. We analyze the environment as a “theme” in prime-time entertainment programming, recording its prevalence in comparison to other themes. A multiple dimensional scaling shows …
Television viewing and voting 1972-1989
Do They Know What They Read? Building a Scientific Literacy Measurement Instrument Based on Science Media Coverage
The authors tested a novel approach to the conceptualization and measurement of a dimension of scientific literacy, the understanding of scientific and technical terms. Through an analysis of the media’s use of scientific and technical terms randomly selected from a scientific dictionary, the authors identified the thirty-one terms most often used in the media. The authors argue that these terms represent what an individual is expected to know wi…
Television and Authoritarianism
This article examines the relationship between television viewing and authoritarianism from the perspective of cultivation research. Earlier analyses of these data (Shanahan, 1995) showed "mainstreaming" patterns: Television viewing was associated with authoritarian attitudes. In this article, I explore the mainstreaming explanation more extensively, including questions about causality. The data presented below indicate that adolescents authorita…
Adolescents, VCRs, and the Family Environment
With the rapid diffusion of the VCR into the home media environment, a central question is whether the special features of the VCR lead to transformations in the family, or whether preexisting family relationships and media orientations determine the uses of the VCR and its role in the family. This study, using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from adolescents, suggests that VCRs mainly augment and extend family television patterns and that …
Cultivation and social media
This is a meta-analysis of 460 effect sizes, from 66 independent samples, comparing social media usage to a variety of attitudes and beliefs, from the perspective of cultivation theory. We found an overall effect size of .123 and identified several significant moderators. Our analyses revealed higher effects for studies looking at exposure to specific types of content (as compared with general social media use), for younger samples, and for Asian…
Environmental Values and the Social Amplification of Risk
As human interaction with wildlife increases due to population growth and development, wildlife managers and risk professionals have increasingly recognized the importance of citizen participation in risk management decision making. Employing a general population telephone survey of upstate New York residents and using a structural equation model analysis, this study examines the roles that environmental values and media use play in promoting pub…
Cultivation and Spiral of Silence Effects
Public opinion about regulating smoking is characterized by considerable ambivalence. On the one hand, more than 80% of Americans recognize the health risks of smoking cigarettes; the majority of the public favors various antismoking policies, such as restricting smoking in public places. On the other hand, a majority also agrees that a person should have the right to smoke in public. Studies about communication and media effects on smoking are m…
Television and Family Values
We reviewed previous research on television portrayal of the family and then used the 1988 and 1994 General Social Surveys (Davis & Smith, 1996) to assess relations between television viewing and judgments about illegitimacy and single parenthood. The data do not contradict Quayle 's contention that television viewing is contributing to fraying of traditional family values
Television, Authoritarianism, and Support for Trump
Many factors contributed to support for Donald Trump in the 2016 US presidential election, among them media influences. Morgan and Shanahan (2017) found that television viewing was associated with support for Trump, mediated through authoritarianism. In light of the changes in the political and media environments during Trump’s presidency, our study examined whether Morgan and Shanahan’s (2017) findings still held in the 2020 US presidential elec…
Skepticism About Media Effects Concerning the Environment
Statistician Bjorn Lomborg's tacit hypotheses regarding the effect of mass media exposure (what he calls “the Litany”) on environmental beliefs are tested using General Social Survey data from 1993, 1994, and 2000. Two core hypotheses and a research question are drawn from Lomborg's The Skeptical Environmentalist for discussion. Lomborg's apparent belief in a strong relationship between stilted media coverage and heightened environmental concern …
Asymmetrical perceptions of partisan political bots
Political bots are social media algorithms that impersonate political actors and interact with other users, aiming to influence public opinion. This study investigates the ability to differentiate bots with partisan personas from humans on Twitter. Our online experiment ( N = 656) explores how various characteristics of the participants and of the stimulus profiles bias recognition accuracy. The analysis reveals asymmetrical partisan-motivated re…
Adolescents, VCRs, and the Family Environment
With the rapid diffusion of the VCR into the home media environment, a central question is whether the special features of the VCR lead to transformations in the family, or whether preexisting family relationships and media orientations determine the uses of the VCR and its role in the family. This study, using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from adolescents, suggests that VCRs mainly augment and extend family television patterns and that …
Television and the Cultivation of Political Attitudes in Argentina
Michael Morgan, James Shanahan; Television and the Cultivation of Political Attitudes in Argentina, Journal of Communication, Volume 41, Issue 1, 1 March 1
Do VCRs Change the TV Picture
Television viewing and voting 1972-1989
Two Decades of Cultivation Research
This chapter presents a theoretical review and meta-analysis of cultivation research. The authors examine the roots of cultivation analysis, as developed by George Gerbner and colleagues, and review the progress made in cultivation research since its inception in the 1970s. They also review some of the critiques that have been made of cultivation theory over the years and provide their own critical review and responses. They then offer a meta-ana…
Television's Portrayal of the Environment
This paper examines data from an ongoing project which content analyzes television's messages about environmental issues. The data are weeklong samples taken yearly from prime-time network television programs sampled in the Boston, Massachusetts, and Ithaca, New York, areas. We analyze the environment as a “theme” in prime-time entertainment programming, recording its prevalence in comparison to other themes. A multiple dimensional scaling shows …
Perceived Support for One's Opinions and Willingness to Speak Out
Journal Article Perceived Support for One's Opinions and Willingness to Speak Out: A Meta-Analysis of Survey Studies on the 'Spiral of Silence' Get access CARROLL J. GLYNN, CARROLL J. GLYNN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ANDREW F. HAYES, ANDREW F. HAYES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JAMES SHANAHAN JAMES SHANAHAN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Ac…
Television and Authoritarianism
This article examines the relationship between television viewing and authoritarianism from the perspective of cultivation research. Earlier analyses of these data (Shanahan, 1995) showed "mainstreaming" patterns: Television viewing was associated with authoritarian attitudes. In this article, I explore the mainstreaming explanation more extensively, including questions about causality. The data presented below indicate that adolescents authorita…
Telling Stories About Global Climate Change
A theory of cyclical patterns in media coverage of environmental issues must account for more than intrinsic qualities of the issues themselves: Narrative factors must be considered. A content analysis of The New York Times and The Washington Post stories from 1980 to 1995 shows how media construct narratives about global warming and how these narratives may influence attention cycles. Empirically, the frequency of newspaper coverage shows cyclic…
Meta‐analysis and mass communication criticism
The mass media and stakeholders’ beliefs about suburban Wildlife
Public concern and controversy about humans and wildlife living together in suburban environments is increasing. This study examines how wildlife professionals can use knowledge about suburban residents’ use of the media to improve communication efforts regarding problem‐causing wildlife species. Our study uses data focused on a deer controversy in New York. We use aspects of “uses and gratifications”; theory to describe and categorize people int…
Television and Family Values
We reviewed previous research on television portrayal of the family and then used the 1988 and 1994 General Social Surveys (Davis & Smith, 1996) to assess relations between television viewing and judgments about illegitimacy and single parenthood. The data do not contradict Quayle 's contention that television viewing is contributing to fraying of traditional family values
Television and Family Values
Using Narratives to Think About Environmental Attitude and Behavior
This article develops an exploratory technique for assessing environmental concern using narratives. The technique is compared to traditional techniques for assessing concern, such as measures related to the new environmental paradigm (NEP). A national survey asked respondents to rate outcomes of a story with environmental consequences as negative or positive. Responses tapped distinct dimensions of concern from the NEP. Narrative responses also …
Social research on climate change
The greenhouse effect, global warming, global climate change: the environmental phenomenon so important that it needs three names. Whatever one calls it, climate change is undoubtedly one of the most important environmental issues for the new century; it has been the focus of one of the most impressively coordinated international scientific efforts in recent memory. Moreover, the communication and sociological literatures—not to mention the conte…
Heat and hot air
This study examines relationships between local temperature in two cities (New York and Washington, D.C.) and coverage of global climate change in their local newspapers (the Times and the Post ). The results show that there are some relationships between local temperature and frequency of attention to climate issues, such that journalists are more likely to discuss climate during unusually warm periods. However, support for the hypotheses was on…
Environmental Content in Prime-Time Network TV's Non-News Entertainment and Fictional Programs
Thirty years after the first Earth Day celebration, how integrated are environmental values in everyday American life? One measure of integration is how often environmental topics are incorporated into the programs of television, today's most visible storyteller. This study offers results from an ongoing content analysis tracking television's attention to the environment in prime-time, network, non-news entertainment and fictional programs. The r…
Environmental Content in Prime-Time Network TV's Non-News Entertainment and Fictional Programs
Trends
Cet article examine quelques tendances de l'opinion publique americaine au sujet des modifications genetiques dans l'agriculture et dans l'alimentation : le degre d'information et les attitudes adoptees sur la question, le comportement de consommateur en termes d'achats mais aussi en matiere d'etiquetage des produits
The literature of environmental communication
This paper examines the growth and development of the literature of “environmental communication” research. The paper collects citations of all papers matching specified keywords covering environmental communication topics in the social science journal literature from relevant indices. The indices used were: the Institute for Scientific Information's (ISI) Social Sciences Citation Index (Web of Science), the ISI Arts and Humanities Citation Index…
The literature of environmental communication
This paper examines the growth and development of the literature of “environmental communication” research. The paper collects citations of all papers matching specified keywords covering environmental communication topics in the social science journal literature from relevant indices. The indices used were: the Institute for Scientific Information's (ISI) Social Sciences Citation Index (Web of Science), the ISI Arts and Humanities Citation Index…
Knowledge, Reservations, or Promise
This study introduces a media effects model specific to public perceptions of science and technology. Analysis of the National Science Board's Science and Engineering Indicators Survey provides evidence that different media—newspapers, general television, science television, and science magazines—do affect perceptions differently. These media effects are direct but also indirect, as mediated through effects on science knowledge. Although newspape…
Think about it This Way
This study examined the attribute agenda-setting function of the media, which refers to significant correspondence between prominent issue attributes in the media and the agenda of attributes among audiences. An opinion survey on a local issue and a content analysis of a local newspaper revealed that, by covering certain issue aspects more prominently, the media increase the salience of these aspects among audience members. We also found an impor…
Do Citizens Want to Have Their Say? Media, Agricultural Biotechnology, and Authoritarian Views of Democratic Processes in Science
Public participation in policy decision making related to agricultural biotechnology is encouraged in various countries. However, participation is not likely to be widespread in the United States if citizens feel that their input does not need to be taken into account. This article examines citizens' authoritarian views of decision processes related to agricultural biotechnology and media's role in the development of such attitudes. Our model tes…
Cultivation and Spiral of Silence Effects
Public opinion about regulating smoking is characterized by considerable ambivalence. On the one hand, more than 80% of Americans recognize the health risks of smoking cigarettes; the majority of the public favors various antismoking policies, such as restricting smoking in public places. On the other hand, a majority also agrees that a person should have the right to smoke in public. Studies about communication and media effects on smoking are m…
Political science (45 obras) · Psychology (39 obras) · Sociology (39 obras) · Law (27 obras) · Media Studies and Communication (22 obras) · Computer Science (21 obras) · Social Psychology (21 obras) · Law (20 obras) · Media studies (19 obras) · Social Psychology (19 obras)