Anna‐kaisa Salmi
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 940583 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Anna‐kaisa Salmi |
| NOMBRES | Anna‐kaisa |
| APELLIDO | Salmi |
| FIRMA | SALMI A K |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Oulu |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0745-385X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 43 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 195 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 43 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2010 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Tracing the early dispersal of reindeer in southern Sweden
After the wider deglaciation of Northern Europe, pioneer reindeer populations started to move into southern Scandinavia; however, this process is poorly understood. In this paper we aim to reconstruct dispersal processes of reindeer into southern and western Sweden from the Late Palaeolithic through to the Early Mesolithic, when reindeer disappear from the record. Has presence of reindeer in southern Sweden changed over time, were there changes i…
I had a reindeer called Onni
This paper focuses on reindeer stories, as told by reindeer herders who live in northern Finland and train and work with reindeer, both in the context of tourism and competitive racing in Lapland. The stories—ranging from anecdotes and short sequences of events to whole life stories and collected as part of broader participant research focusing on human-reindeer relationships in current reindeer herding in Finland—are used to examine cultural con…
There are no two similar kinds of reindeer. You have to be with the reindeer to learn.’ The Variety of Life among Ancient Sámi Reindeer Herders
In the Sámi worldview, reindeer herders perceive the herd as a social unit consisting of individuals who vary in characteristics and social roles. Age, sex, physical appearance, personality and other social roles are acknowledged and recognized by the herders, who maintain their relationships with animals in different ways within herding tasks. Archaeological data, too, show that ancient reindeer herders were in contact with different kinds of re…
Activity reconstruction of Rangifer tarandus feet in Fennoscandian -archaeology
Reindeer as Draught Animals in Tourism
Driving with reindeer is an old tradition in northern Fennoscandia that became almost extinct in the last century but that has increased in the past few decades along with tourism. This study investigates the current use of draught reindeer in Lapland, identifies changes since the mid-1900s, and explores the human-reindeer relationship related to this practice, including draught training. We conducted interviews and participatory research with 15…
The osteometric identification of castrated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and the significance of castration in tracing human-animal relationships in the North
Reindeer are the only domestic cervid and have formed the cosmologies and practical daily lives of numerous peoples in the Northern Hemisphere for thousands of years. The questions of when, how, and where reindeer domestication originated and how it developed remain one of the scientific enigmas of our time. The practice of reindeer castration is an essential feature of all communities practicing reindeer herding today. It has probably been one o…
The Archaeology of Reindeer Domestication and Herding Practices in Northern Fennoscandia
Animal domestication is a profound change for human societies, economies, and worldviews. The shifting definitions of animal domestication reflect its varying and process-like nature. Reindeer is one of the species whose domestication is not easily pinned down using standard definitions and research methodologies of animal domestication. In recent years, advances in archaeological methodology and the conceptual understanding of animal domesticati…
Covariation between entheseal changes and cross-sectional properties of reindeer long bones – Considering bone functional adaptation as partial contributing factor
Entheseal changes and bone cross-sectional properties are used as skeletal activity markers for different animal species, although most studies are targeted on humans. While there is compelling evidence on the association between activity and bone cross-sectional properties, studies on association of entheseal changes to activity have presented more contradictory results. In previous research, covariation between entheseal changes and bone cross-…
Cross-sectional properties of reindeer long bones and metapodials allow identification of activity patterns
Habitual loading patterns of domesticated animals may differ due to human influence from their wild counterparts. In the early stages of human-reindeer interaction, cargo and draft use was likely important, as well as corralling tame reindeer. This may result to changes in loading as increased (working) or decreased (captive) loading, as well as foraging patterns (digging for lichen from under the snow versus fed working and/or captive reindeer).…
Earliest archaeological evidence for domesticated reindeer economy among the Sámi of Northeastern Fennoscandia AD 1300 onwards
The domestication of the reindeer among the Sámi of Northern Fennoscandia is a pressing question for the archaeology of the area and has wider relevance to animal domestication studies globally. Despite considerable research activity, many details of reindeer domestication and early reindeer management remain unclear. This paper explores the use of draught reindeer in early Sámi reindeer herding and the implications for understanding reindeer dom…
Identification of working reindeer using palaeopathology and entheseal changes
OBJECTIVE: This paper explores the potential of analyzing pathological lesions and entheseal changes in the identification of working reindeer. METHODS: The skeletons of 26 modern working reindeer from Siberia and Northern Finland are analyzed for pathological lesions and entheseal changes. RESULTS: Working results in elevated frequencies of pathological lesions, specifically joint disease in cervical and thoracic vertebrae, humeri, os coxae and …
Reindeer from Sámi offering sites document the replacement of wild reindeer genetic lineages by domestic ones in Northern Finland starting from 1400 to 1600 AD
Reindeer herding emerged among the indigenous Sámi of Northern Fennoscandia between ca. 800 and 1500 CE. While the details of the reindeer domestication process are still actively debated, it has been hypothesized that the transition to reindeer herding affected Sámi ritual practice, especially animal offerings given at various sacred sites. To explore this hypothesis, we analyzed DNA from reindeer bone samples dating to ca. 1200–1700 CE from Sám…
Hunters, Fishers, Traders – An Archaeological and Zooarchaeological Perspective on the Development of the Late Iron Age and Medieval Northern Fennoscandian Trade Network
Late Iron Age and medieval trade in northern Fennoscandia has arguably often thought to have been primarily fur trade. However, recent discoveries of Late Iron Age and early medieval sites in the north together with the re-examination of previous evidence reveals a more nuanced picture and indicates that trade in bulk goods â namely inland stockfish and reindeer products â may have played a significant role in the northern trade. This article exa…
Identifying early stages of reindeer domestication in the archaeological record
Reindeer herding probably developed during the Late Iron Age onwards and is still an important part of the subsistence and culture of many peoples in northern Eurasia. However, despite the importance of this husbandry in the history of these Arctic people, the period and place of the origin as well as the spread of domestic reindeer is still highly debated. Besides the existence of different breeding methods in these territories, identifying dome…
Differences in entheseal changes in the phalanges between ecotypes of Fennoscandian reindeer
The identification and life histories of the different subspecies and ecotypes ofRangifer tarandus(reindeer) in Fennoscandia are of great interest to zooarchaeologists, as this species is a keystone animal of the North. The barrengroundRangifer tarandus tarandushas historically had closer bonds with humans as a herded and domestic animal. By contrast, the borealRangifer tarandus fennicushas been a prey animal with a more fraught relationship with…
Zooarchaeological and stable isotope evidence of Sámi reindeer offerings
This paper presents new osteometric and stable isotope evidence of Sámi reindeer offerings. Previous archaeological studies have shown that reindeer domestication and intensification of reindeer herding transformed Sámi indigenous religion. However, because of the methodological challenges in the identification of wild and domesticated reindeer in the archaeological record, the exact nature of the relationship between people and offered reindeer …
The Sound of Silence
Colonial encounters between indigenous peoples and European state powers are overarching themes in the historical archaeology of the modern era, and postcolonial historical archaeology has repeatedly emphasized the complex two-way nature of colonial encounters. This volume examines common trajectories in indigenous colonial histories, and explores new ways to understand cultural contact, hybridization and power relations between indigenous people…
Indigeneity, Locality, Modernity
Mixed Livelihood Society in Iin Hamina – a Case Study of Medieval Diet in the Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland
A stable isotope investigation of a large Medieval population buried in Iin Hamina, northern Finland, has been used to reconstruct palaeodiet. Iin Hamina is situated approximately 30 km away from the modern city Oulu, in close proximity to the Bothnian Bay coast and the river Ii. The material used in this study is human skeletal material from an Iin Hamina cemetery dated as 15 to 17th centuries AD and animal bones excavated in Northern Ostrobothn…
Tangled Worlds
Tradition and transformation in Sámi animal-offering practices
Farming in the Extreme-Animal Management in Late Medieval and Early Modern Northern Finland
Agrarian activity clearly intensified in northern Finland from the 14th century onwards. This climatically marginal area was one of the northernmost locations for farming during the studied period. This study contributes to understanding the development and local adaptions in agriculture in the Late Medieval and Early Modern (ca. 1400–1700 AD) period northern Finland through zooarchaeological and stable isotope data. We analyze the faunal assembl…
Entheseal changes and pathological lesions in draught reindeer skeletons – Four case studies from present-day Siberia
Time, Seasonality, and Trade
North/South Encounters at Sámi Sacred Sites in Northern Finland
Mining Sapmi
In recent years, there has been a large-scale boom in mining in the present-day Swedish part of Sápmi, leading to protests from Sámi activists as well as environmentalist groups. To the protesters, issues of Swedish colonialism and Sámi indigeneity are central, and history becomes important. Taking its starting point in the mining conflicts, this article discusses Sámi archaeology and claims for Sámi indigenous land and cultural rights. We argue …
Sami Histories, Colonialism, and Finland
Public apologies, compensations, and repatriation policies have been forms of reconciliation processes by authorities in Nordic countries to recognize and take responsibility of possible injustices in Sámi histories. Support for reconciliation politics has not been unanimous, however. Some Finnish historians have been ready to reject totally the subjugation or colonialism towards the Sámi in the history of Finnish Lapland. The article analyzes th…
Animal offerings at the Sámi offering site of Unna Saiva - Changing religious practices and human-animal relationships
Identifying early stages of reindeer domestication in the archaeological record
Reindeer herding probably developed during the Late Iron Age onwards and is still an important part of the subsistence and culture of many peoples in northern Eurasia. However, despite the importance of this husbandry in the history of these Arctic people, the period and place of the origin as well as the spread of domestic reindeer is still highly debated. Besides the existence of different breeding methods in these territories, identifying dome…
The sieidi is a better altar/the noaidi drum's a purer church bell
The changes in the Sámi ethnic religion practised by the indigenous people in northern Fennoscandia have often been described in terms of Christianization brought by Lutheran missions. The changes were, however, more long term and multifaceted. Archaeological excavations conducted at Sámi offering places have shown that the ethnic religion was never static, but the offering practices changed with time and in connection with changes in livelihood …
Earliest archaeological evidence for domesticated reindeer economy among the Sámi of Northeastern Fennoscandia AD 1300 onwards
The domestication of the reindeer among the Sámi of Northern Fennoscandia is a pressing question for the archaeology of the area and has wider relevance to animal domestication studies globally. Despite considerable research activity, many details of reindeer domestication and early reindeer management remain unclear. This paper explores the use of draught reindeer in early Sámi reindeer herding and the implications for understanding reindeer dom…
Sami Archaeology and Postcolonial Theory--An Introduction
While researchers within Sámi archaeology have dealt with issues closely related to postcolonial theory and critique since the 1970s onwards, this has rarely been done with explicit mention or coherent use of this theoretical complex. This somewhat paradoxical situation was addressed in a session at the 14th conference of the Nordic Theoretical Archaeology Group at Stockholm University in April 2014, an initiative that eventually resulted in the …
Tangled Worlds
Tradition and transformation in Sámi animal-offering practices
Animating rituals at Sámi sacred sites in northern Finland
This article concentrates on the performative nature of rituals at Sámi sacred sites called sieidi in northern Finland. These sites are usually natural objects, such as stones, unshaped by humans. Offerings, such as reindeer antlers, crania, meat, metal, and alcohol, were made to the sieidi in order to ensure future hunting success. In this article, the concept of ritual as performative action is used as a tool to emphasize how practices, senses,…
Cross-sectional properties of reindeer long bones and metapodials allow identification of activity patterns
Habitual loading patterns of domesticated animals may differ due to human influence from their wild counterparts. In the early stages of human-reindeer interaction, cargo and draft use was likely important, as well as corralling tame reindeer. This may result to changes in loading as increased (working) or decreased (captive) loading, as well as foraging patterns (digging for lichen from under the snow versus fed working and/or captive reindeer).…
Framing Sami Entanglement in Early Modern Colonial Processes
Bryan C. Hood Department of Archaeology and Social Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; bryan.hood{at}uit.no
Bones, buttons and buckles
Some of the most prominent characteristics of the early modern period are increasing control over human bodies and the increasing class differences in bodily practices. The rigid class society prevailing in early modern Sweden was reflected in the way people in different classes were expected to behave, dress and eat, amongst other things. This paper discusses how bodily practices — with foodways and dress as case studies — were involved in negot…
The osteometric identification of castrated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and the significance of castration in tracing human-animal relationships in the North
Reindeer are the only domestic cervid and have formed the cosmologies and practical daily lives of numerous peoples in the Northern Hemisphere for thousands of years. The questions of when, how, and where reindeer domestication originated and how it developed remain one of the scientific enigmas of our time. The practice of reindeer castration is an essential feature of all communities practicing reindeer herding today. It has probably been one o…
Differences in entheseal changes in the phalanges between ecotypes of Fennoscandian reindeer
The identification and life histories of the different subspecies and ecotypes ofRangifer tarandus(reindeer) in Fennoscandia are of great interest to zooarchaeologists, as this species is a keystone animal of the North. The barrengroundRangifer tarandus tarandushas historically had closer bonds with humans as a herded and domestic animal. By contrast, the borealRangifer tarandus fennicushas been a prey animal with a more fraught relationship with…
Mixed Livelihood Society in Iin Hamina – a Case Study of Medieval Diet in the Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland
A stable isotope investigation of a large Medieval population buried in Iin Hamina, northern Finland, has been used to reconstruct palaeodiet. Iin Hamina is situated approximately 30 km away from the modern city Oulu, in close proximity to the Bothnian Bay coast and the river Ii. The material used in this study is human skeletal material from an Iin Hamina cemetery dated as 15 to 17th centuries AD and animal bones excavated in Northern Ostrobothn…
North/South Encounters at Sámi Sacred Sites in Northern Finland
Early Cereal Cultivation at Sami Settlements
It has been generally accepted that cultivation in northernmost Sweden was intrinsically associated with the migration of Nordic farmers into the area and that indigenous Sámi societies followed purely hunter-gatherer or pastoralist subsistence strategies. In this paper, it is argued that the discursive connotations of cultivation have promoted a dichotomy between Sámi and Swedish idioms that are still being reproduced among scholars, as well the…
Archaeological Refuse Fauna in Finland
Vaneeckhout, Samuel, Salmi, Anna-Kaisa, Junno, Juho-Antti (2013): Archaeological refuse fauna in Finland: Understanding the role of bone combustion. Anthropozoologica 48 (1): 125-134, DOI: 10.5252/az2013n1a7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/az2013n1a7
Zooarchaeological and stable isotope evidence of Sámi reindeer offerings
This paper presents new osteometric and stable isotope evidence of Sámi reindeer offerings. Previous archaeological studies have shown that reindeer domestication and intensification of reindeer herding transformed Sámi indigenous religion. However, because of the methodological challenges in the identification of wild and domesticated reindeer in the archaeological record, the exact nature of the relationship between people and offered reindeer …
Sugar Consumption, Dental Health and Foodways in Late Medieval Iin Hamina and Early Modern Oulu, Northern Finland
This article examines the modernization of northern Finnish food culture, especially in 17th- and 18th-century urban Oulu, by applying the methods of archaeology and history research. During the 17th century, the food culture was still quite conservative. Coffee, sugar, wheat flour, and fruit began entering the diet of affluent northern Finnish people from the 18th century onwards. The food culture of Oulu inhabitants is studied by comparing dent…
Engaging with Sea and Seals
The nature of environmental and human-animal relations in past societies has been subject to much discussion in archaeology and other disciplines, but the significance of environmental beliefs may not have been fully appreciated in post-medieval European contexts. This paper argues that a reassessment of how people engaged with animals and the natural environment is nonetheless needed especially in such contexts as the northern Gulf of Bothnia in…
The Archaeology of Reindeer Domestication and Herding Practices in Northern Fennoscandia
Animal domestication is a profound change for human societies, economies, and worldviews. The shifting definitions of animal domestication reflect its varying and process-like nature. Reindeer is one of the species whose domestication is not easily pinned down using standard definitions and research methodologies of animal domestication. In recent years, advances in archaeological methodology and the conceptual understanding of animal domesticati…
Covariation between entheseal changes and cross-sectional properties of reindeer long bones – Considering bone functional adaptation as partial contributing factor
Entheseal changes and bone cross-sectional properties are used as skeletal activity markers for different animal species, although most studies are targeted on humans. While there is compelling evidence on the association between activity and bone cross-sectional properties, studies on association of entheseal changes to activity have presented more contradictory results. In previous research, covariation between entheseal changes and bone cross-…
Time, Seasonality, and Trade
Engaging with Sea and Seals
The nature of environmental and human-animal relations in past societies has been subject to much discussion in archaeology and other disciplines, but the significance of environmental beliefs may not have been fully appreciated in post-medieval European contexts. This paper argues that a reassessment of how people engaged with animals and the natural environment is nonetheless needed especially in such contexts as the northern Gulf of Bothnia in…
Animating rituals at Sámi sacred sites in northern Finland
This article concentrates on the performative nature of rituals at Sámi sacred sites called sieidi in northern Finland. These sites are usually natural objects, such as stones, unshaped by humans. Offerings, such as reindeer antlers, crania, meat, metal, and alcohol, were made to the sieidi in order to ensure future hunting success. In this article, the concept of ritual as performative action is used as a tool to emphasize how practices, senses,…
The sieidi is a better altar/the noaidi drum's a purer church bell
The changes in the Sámi ethnic religion practised by the indigenous people in northern Fennoscandia have often been described in terms of Christianization brought by Lutheran missions. The changes were, however, more long term and multifaceted. Archaeological excavations conducted at Sámi offering places have shown that the ethnic religion was never static, but the offering practices changed with time and in connection with changes in livelihood …
Archaeological Refuse Fauna in Finland
Vaneeckhout, Samuel, Salmi, Anna-Kaisa, Junno, Juho-Antti (2013): Archaeological refuse fauna in Finland: Understanding the role of bone combustion. Anthropozoologica 48 (1): 125-134, DOI: 10.5252/az2013n1a7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/az2013n1a7
Towards a Multiangled Study of Reindeer Agency, Overlapping Environments, and Human-Animal Relationships
This paper discusses the applicability of theories about animal agency to studies of human–animal relationships in the academic disciplines of environmental history and archaeology. Both disciplines have a traditional epistemological stance that neglects the perceptual worlds of the animal. One example is presented of efforts to write from the other side of the epistemological chasm, on the environment of the animal , as well as Morten Tønnessen’…
Becoming Modern
Bones, buttons and buckles
Some of the most prominent characteristics of the early modern period are increasing control over human bodies and the increasing class differences in bodily practices. The rigid class society prevailing in early modern Sweden was reflected in the way people in different classes were expected to behave, dress and eat, amongst other things. This paper discusses how bodily practices — with foodways and dress as case studies — were involved in negot…
Street mirrors, surveillance, and urban communities in early modern Finland
This article discusses street mirrors or 'gossip mirrors', in terms of urban social relations and surveillance. Street mirrors were introduced to coastal towns in Sweden and Finland in the 18th and early 19th centuries and may still be found in well-preserved towns with historic wooden centres. The authors argue that the introduction of monitoring and spying devices, such as street mirrors, occurred in the 18th century due to increased urban popu…
Time, Seasonality, and Trade
North/South Encounters at Sámi Sacred Sites in Northern Finland
Sugar Consumption, Dental Health and Foodways in Late Medieval Iin Hamina and Early Modern Oulu, Northern Finland
This article examines the modernization of northern Finnish food culture, especially in 17th- and 18th-century urban Oulu, by applying the methods of archaeology and history research. During the 17th century, the food culture was still quite conservative. Coffee, sugar, wheat flour, and fruit began entering the diet of affluent northern Finnish people from the 18th century onwards. The food culture of Oulu inhabitants is studied by comparing dent…
Postcolonial Theory and Sami Archaeology--A Commentary
A Bering Strait Indigenous Framework for Resource Management
Western resource management is often contentious in northern indigenous communities, as it is can be poorly matched with local resource-use traditions. Expert seal and walrus hunters in the Bering Strait region of Alaska requested that Kawerak, Inc., a local tribal consortium, document seal and walrus hunting through the lens of the locally preferred framework of respect. We conducted semistructured interviews and focus groups with 84 expert elde…
Surreptitious Sami--Suppressive Swedes
Stone circles and various other features belonging to the different branches of the Sámi cultures in both northern Norway and Sweden have long since been known and discussed by scholars. That similar archaeological features are to be found in the county of Västernorrland, an area customarily considered to lie outside that which is traditionally associated with the Sámi in Sweden, is compelling and requires a reassessment of previous held notions …
Mining Sapmi
In recent years, there has been a large-scale boom in mining in the present-day Swedish part of Sápmi, leading to protests from Sámi activists as well as environmentalist groups. To the protesters, issues of Swedish colonialism and Sámi indigeneity are central, and history becomes important. Taking its starting point in the mining conflicts, this article discusses Sámi archaeology and claims for Sámi indigenous land and cultural rights. We argue …
Early Cereal Cultivation at Sami Settlements
It has been generally accepted that cultivation in northernmost Sweden was intrinsically associated with the migration of Nordic farmers into the area and that indigenous Sámi societies followed purely hunter-gatherer or pastoralist subsistence strategies. In this paper, it is argued that the discursive connotations of cultivation have promoted a dichotomy between Sámi and Swedish idioms that are still being reproduced among scholars, as well the…
Framing Sami Entanglement in Early Modern Colonial Processes
Bryan C. Hood Department of Archaeology and Social Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; bryan.hood{at}uit.no
Sami Histories, Colonialism, and Finland
Public apologies, compensations, and repatriation policies have been forms of reconciliation processes by authorities in Nordic countries to recognize and take responsibility of possible injustices in Sámi histories. Support for reconciliation politics has not been unanimous, however. Some Finnish historians have been ready to reject totally the subjugation or colonialism towards the Sámi in the history of Finnish Lapland. The article analyzes th…
Sami Archaeology and Postcolonial Theory--An Introduction
While researchers within Sámi archaeology have dealt with issues closely related to postcolonial theory and critique since the 1970s onwards, this has rarely been done with explicit mention or coherent use of this theoretical complex. This somewhat paradoxical situation was addressed in a session at the 14th conference of the Nordic Theoretical Archaeology Group at Stockholm University in April 2014, an initiative that eventually resulted in the …
Animal offerings at the Sámi offering site of Unna Saiva - Changing religious practices and human-animal relationships
Entheseal changes and pathological lesions in draught reindeer skeletons – Four case studies from present-day Siberia
Indigeneity, Locality, Modernity
Mixed Livelihood Society in Iin Hamina – a Case Study of Medieval Diet in the Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland
A stable isotope investigation of a large Medieval population buried in Iin Hamina, northern Finland, has been used to reconstruct palaeodiet. Iin Hamina is situated approximately 30 km away from the modern city Oulu, in close proximity to the Bothnian Bay coast and the river Ii. The material used in this study is human skeletal material from an Iin Hamina cemetery dated as 15 to 17th centuries AD and animal bones excavated in Northern Ostrobothn…
Tangled Worlds
Tradition and transformation in Sámi animal-offering practices
Archaeology (30 obras) · Geography (28 obras) · Indigenous Studies and Ecology (28 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (23 obras) · Biology (23 obras) · History (21 obras) · Ecology (20 obras) · History (18 obras) · Sociology (18 obras) · Indigenous (12 obras)