Gideon Avni
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 981283 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Gideon Avni |
| NOMBRES | Gideon |
| APELLIDO | Avni |
| FIRMA | AVNI G |
| AFILIACIONES | Israel Antiquities Authority |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3078-0696 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 27 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 47 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 28 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1994 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Jerusalem Through the Ages
Nomads in the Classical and Byzantine Near East
Mobile pastoralism in classical times in the Near East is a well-developed phenomenon, incorporating the basic domesticates of modern pastoral nomads in the region, including camels, goats, sheep, horses, and donkeys. Residential mobility in peripheral environments to exploit seasonally available resources (water, grazing) to support herds and distant markets structure the yearly cycle. Tribal organization characterizes most of these groups, alth…
Empires, Local Traditions, and the Spread of Knowledge
Distribution patterns of Gaza wine vs. Cilician wine in the eastern Mediterranean in Late Antiquity
To explore the consumption patterns and demand for famous wines exported in Late Antiquity, such as Gaza wine and Cilician wine, several case studies were analyzed: studies involving excavation results from sites where Late Roman amphorae, such as the LRA 1 and LRA 4 types, were found. Several themes emerged from the analysis. First, Gaza jars used for the transportation of Gaza wine seem to be less frequent than LRA 1 amphorae used to transport …
Insights from a Recent Workshop on Walls, Borders, and Frontier Zones in the Ancient and the Contemporary World
This article reports on the ‘Walls, Borders, and Frontier Zones in the Ancient and Contemporary World’ workshop and its implications of transdisciplinary research for building comparative insights into the uses, meanings and experiences of border and wall constructions in the past and present
When “the Sweet Gifts of Bacchus” Ended—New Archaeological Evidence for Settlement Changes and the Decline of Wine Production in Late Antique Southern Palestine
Based on the accumulated data from numerous excavations in the hinterland of Gaza and Ashkelon and the results of the comprehensive bioarchaeological research on Late Antique settlement and economy of the Negev Highlands, this article addresses the decline of the flourishing wine industry of southern Palestine, dating it to the second half of the 6th century c.e. The decline in wine production in the region had a direct effect on the rapid abatem…
Caravanserai middens on desert roads
Long-distance trade routes criss-crossed ancient Africa and Eurasia. Archaeological research has focused on the commodities in transit and the excavation of major centres located along these routes, with less attention paid to smaller caravanserai and evidence such as rubbish middens. The 'Incense Route' linked the Arabian Peninsula and Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, with activity peaking during the Nabataean and Roman periods. The authors pre…
Terraced Fields, Irrigation Systems and Agricultural Production in Early Islamic Palestine and Jordan
Contrary to previous analysis that suggested a rapid deterioration and abandonment of settlements and their related agricultural fields in Early Islamic Palestine and Jordan, recent studies point to a continuity of agricultural landscapes, to the introduction of new water management technologies, and to the diffusion of new types of crops into the region between the 8th and the 11th centuries. Forty years after Andrew Watson published his paradig…
Collapse, affluence, and collapse again
The article examines the rapid and frequent transitions between periods of affluence and periods of real famine that occurred during the long reign of the Egyptian ruler al-Mustanṣir (1036–1094), as well as the correlation between these transitions and the fluctuations in the annual rise in the Nile flow which determine the availability of grain and food prices. The authors conclude that: (1) The transitions between affluence and dearth occurred …
The Debate on Negev Viticulture and Gaza Wine in Late Antiquity
One hundred fifty years have passed since the first published reference in modern Western scholarship to ancient wine production in the Negev Highland desert, and much is now known about its hydrological, climatic, agricultural, economic, social and political context. Yet, in 2020 two studies reached opposite conclusions regarding the extent and intensity of Negev Highland viticulture, its relationship to Byzantine 'Gaza wine' and the associated …
OSL dating of pre-terraced and terraced landscape
Early Islamic irrigated farmsteads and the spread of qanats in Eurasia
The Formation of Terraced Landscapes in the Judean Highlands in Israel, and its Implications for Biblical Agricultural History
The construction of terraces for dry farming constitutes a major technological innovation in the history of agriculture, allowing for the exploitation of previously uncultivated slopes and expanding the carrying capacity of the land. The terracing of the highlands of Judea and Samaria is traditionally associated with the settlement of the »Israelites«. In this article we present the results of a terrace dating project in the highlands of Jerusale…
The formation of a Mediterranean terraced landscape
The Byzantine-Islamic Transition in Palestine
"Using a comprehensive evaluation of recent archaeological findings, Avni addresses the transformation of local societies in Palestine and Jordan between the sixth and eleventh centuries AD. Arguing that these archaeological findings provide a reliable, though complex, picture, Avni illustrates how the Byzantine-Islamic transition was a much slower and gradual process than previously thought, and that it involved regional variability, different t…
Byzantine–Early Islamic agricultural systems in the Negev Highlands
An extensive survey followed by OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) dating of loess accumulation in agricultural terraces at six Byzantine and Early Islamic sites in the Negev Highlands revealed clear stratigraphic and chronological sequences. Traditionally dated to the 1st–7th centuries a.d., results from the present study demonstrate that the construction and use of largescale agricultural systems took place in the 4th–11th centuries a.d. T…
Unearthing Jerusalem
Unearthing Jerusalem
On a cold winter morning in January of 1851, a small group of people approached the monumental façade of an ancient rock-cut burial cave located north of the Old City of Jerusalem. The team, consisting of two Europeans and a number of local workers, was led by Louis-Félicien Caignart de Saulcy—descendant of a noble Flemish family who later was to become a distinguished member of the French parliament. As an amateur archaeologist and a devout Cath…
From Polis to Madina” Revisited – Urban Change in Byzantine and early Islamic Palestine
The transformation of cities in the Byzantine and early Islamic Near East was discussed by a number of scholars in the last century. Many of them adopted a traditional approach, claiming that the Islamic conquest caused the total collapse of large classical cities, turning them into small medieval towns. The urban landscape was changed dramatically, with the large colonnaded streets of the classical Polis transformed into the narrow allies of the…
The Persian Conquest of Jerusalem (614 C.E.)—An Archaeological Assessment
While historical sources describe in detail the 614 C.E. Persian conquest of Jerusalem and the massacre of its Christian population, the archaeological evidence for this event is meager. A careful evaluation of the archaeological record reveals a number of mass graves around the city walls which may be attributed to the conquest and the massacre of the Christian population. At the same time, no evidence was found for the destruction of buildings …
The Necropolis of Bet Guvrin
This large cemetery is associated with the city of Bet Guvrin–Eleutheropolis in the Judean Shephelah, which began as a Jewish village, then transforming into a central Roma–Byzantine polis and administrative center. The cemeteries comprise varying types of burial caves hewn into the soft-limestone bedrock in dense clusters over a prolonged period of some 500 years. The architecture, symbols and artifacts, including pottery, ceramic oil lamps, gla…
The Necropolis of Bet Guvrin
Between the Temple Mount/Haram el-Sharif and the Holy Sepulchre
Archaeological involvement in the holy places of Jerusalem has become a focus of professional and public concern during recent years. The two sacred areas of the Temple Mount and the Holy Sepulchre combine their role as historical and architectural monuments of supreme importance with their daily use as central religious sites. The connection between scholars, mainly archaeologists and architects, who studied these monuments, and the local religi…
From Standing Stones to Open Mosques in the Negev Desert
Between the Temple Mount/Haram el-Sharif and the Holy Sepulchre
Archaeological involvement in the holy places of Jerusalem has become a focus of professional and public concern during recent years. The two sacred areas of the Temple Mount and the Holy Sepulchre combine their role as historical and architectural monuments of supreme importance with their daily use as central religious sites. The connection between scholars, mainly archaeologists and architects, who studied these monuments, and the local religi…
Byzantine–Early Islamic agricultural systems in the Negev Highlands
An extensive survey followed by OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) dating of loess accumulation in agricultural terraces at six Byzantine and Early Islamic sites in the Negev Highlands revealed clear stratigraphic and chronological sequences. Traditionally dated to the 1st–7th centuries a.d., results from the present study demonstrate that the construction and use of largescale agricultural systems took place in the 4th–11th centuries a.d. T…
The Akeldama Tombs
Early Islamic irrigated farmsteads and the spread of qanats in Eurasia
The formation of a Mediterranean terraced landscape
The Debate on Negev Viticulture and Gaza Wine in Late Antiquity
One hundred fifty years have passed since the first published reference in modern Western scholarship to ancient wine production in the Negev Highland desert, and much is now known about its hydrological, climatic, agricultural, economic, social and political context. Yet, in 2020 two studies reached opposite conclusions regarding the extent and intensity of Negev Highland viticulture, its relationship to Byzantine 'Gaza wine' and the associated …
From Polis to Madina” Revisited – Urban Change in Byzantine and early Islamic Palestine
The transformation of cities in the Byzantine and early Islamic Near East was discussed by a number of scholars in the last century. Many of them adopted a traditional approach, claiming that the Islamic conquest caused the total collapse of large classical cities, turning them into small medieval towns. The urban landscape was changed dramatically, with the large colonnaded streets of the classical Polis transformed into the narrow allies of the…
From Standing Stones to Open Mosques in the Negev Desert
Caravanserai middens on desert roads
Long-distance trade routes criss-crossed ancient Africa and Eurasia. Archaeological research has focused on the commodities in transit and the excavation of major centres located along these routes, with less attention paid to smaller caravanserai and evidence such as rubbish middens. The 'Incense Route' linked the Arabian Peninsula and Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, with activity peaking during the Nabataean and Roman periods. The authors pre…
The urban limits of Roman and Byzantine Jerusalem
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
OSL dating of pre-terraced and terraced landscape
Between the Temple Mount/Haram el-Sharif and the Holy Sepulchre
Archaeological involvement in the holy places of Jerusalem has become a focus of professional and public concern during recent years. The two sacred areas of the Temple Mount and the Holy Sepulchre combine their role as historical and architectural monuments of supreme importance with their daily use as central religious sites. The connection between scholars, mainly archaeologists and architects, who studied these monuments, and the local religi…
Early Mosques in the Negev Highlands
A number of early mosques associated with a widespread system of settlements that existed during the sixth to eighth centuries C. E. have been discovered in recent years throughout the Negev Highlands. Thus far, 12 mosques of different types have been recorded. These include mosques built either within urban settlements or adjacent to rural settlements, and mosques connected with nomadic populations in the southern Negev Highlands. Recent archaeo…
The Akeldama Tombs
Jerusalem, Second Temple period tombs, Roman-Byzantine burials, burial practices, ossuaries, jewelry
Architecture, Burial Customs and Chronology
The Akeldama Tombs
The urban limits of Roman and Byzantine Jerusalem
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Between the Temple Mount/Haram el-Sharif and the Holy Sepulchre
Archaeological involvement in the holy places of Jerusalem has become a focus of professional and public concern during recent years. The two sacred areas of the Temple Mount and the Holy Sepulchre combine their role as historical and architectural monuments of supreme importance with their daily use as central religious sites. The connection between scholars, mainly archaeologists and architects, who studied these monuments, and the local religi…
Between the Temple Mount/Haram el-Sharif and the Holy Sepulchre
Archaeological involvement in the holy places of Jerusalem has become a focus of professional and public concern during recent years. The two sacred areas of the Temple Mount and the Holy Sepulchre combine their role as historical and architectural monuments of supreme importance with their daily use as central religious sites. The connection between scholars, mainly archaeologists and architects, who studied these monuments, and the local religi…
From Standing Stones to Open Mosques in the Negev Desert
The Necropolis of Bet Guvrin
This large cemetery is associated with the city of Bet Guvrin–Eleutheropolis in the Judean Shephelah, which began as a Jewish village, then transforming into a central Roma–Byzantine polis and administrative center. The cemeteries comprise varying types of burial caves hewn into the soft-limestone bedrock in dense clusters over a prolonged period of some 500 years. The architecture, symbols and artifacts, including pottery, ceramic oil lamps, gla…
The Necropolis of Bet Guvrin
The Persian Conquest of Jerusalem (614 C.E.)—An Archaeological Assessment
While historical sources describe in detail the 614 C.E. Persian conquest of Jerusalem and the massacre of its Christian population, the archaeological evidence for this event is meager. A careful evaluation of the archaeological record reveals a number of mass graves around the city walls which may be attributed to the conquest and the massacre of the Christian population. At the same time, no evidence was found for the destruction of buildings …
Unearthing Jerusalem
Unearthing Jerusalem
On a cold winter morning in January of 1851, a small group of people approached the monumental façade of an ancient rock-cut burial cave located north of the Old City of Jerusalem. The team, consisting of two Europeans and a number of local workers, was led by Louis-Félicien Caignart de Saulcy—descendant of a noble Flemish family who later was to become a distinguished member of the French parliament. As an amateur archaeologist and a devout Cath…
From Polis to Madina” Revisited – Urban Change in Byzantine and early Islamic Palestine
The transformation of cities in the Byzantine and early Islamic Near East was discussed by a number of scholars in the last century. Many of them adopted a traditional approach, claiming that the Islamic conquest caused the total collapse of large classical cities, turning them into small medieval towns. The urban landscape was changed dramatically, with the large colonnaded streets of the classical Polis transformed into the narrow allies of the…
Byzantine–Early Islamic agricultural systems in the Negev Highlands
An extensive survey followed by OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) dating of loess accumulation in agricultural terraces at six Byzantine and Early Islamic sites in the Negev Highlands revealed clear stratigraphic and chronological sequences. Traditionally dated to the 1st–7th centuries a.d., results from the present study demonstrate that the construction and use of largescale agricultural systems took place in the 4th–11th centuries a.d. T…
The Byzantine-Islamic Transition in Palestine
"Using a comprehensive evaluation of recent archaeological findings, Avni addresses the transformation of local societies in Palestine and Jordan between the sixth and eleventh centuries AD. Arguing that these archaeological findings provide a reliable, though complex, picture, Avni illustrates how the Byzantine-Islamic transition was a much slower and gradual process than previously thought, and that it involved regional variability, different t…
The Formation of Terraced Landscapes in the Judean Highlands in Israel, and its Implications for Biblical Agricultural History
The construction of terraces for dry farming constitutes a major technological innovation in the history of agriculture, allowing for the exploitation of previously uncultivated slopes and expanding the carrying capacity of the land. The terracing of the highlands of Judea and Samaria is traditionally associated with the settlement of the »Israelites«. In this article we present the results of a terrace dating project in the highlands of Jerusale…
The formation of a Mediterranean terraced landscape
OSL dating of pre-terraced and terraced landscape
Early Islamic irrigated farmsteads and the spread of qanats in Eurasia
Terraced Fields, Irrigation Systems and Agricultural Production in Early Islamic Palestine and Jordan
Contrary to previous analysis that suggested a rapid deterioration and abandonment of settlements and their related agricultural fields in Early Islamic Palestine and Jordan, recent studies point to a continuity of agricultural landscapes, to the introduction of new water management technologies, and to the diffusion of new types of crops into the region between the 8th and the 11th centuries. Forty years after Andrew Watson published his paradig…
Collapse, affluence, and collapse again
The article examines the rapid and frequent transitions between periods of affluence and periods of real famine that occurred during the long reign of the Egyptian ruler al-Mustanṣir (1036–1094), as well as the correlation between these transitions and the fluctuations in the annual rise in the Nile flow which determine the availability of grain and food prices. The authors conclude that: (1) The transitions between affluence and dearth occurred …
The Debate on Negev Viticulture and Gaza Wine in Late Antiquity
One hundred fifty years have passed since the first published reference in modern Western scholarship to ancient wine production in the Negev Highland desert, and much is now known about its hydrological, climatic, agricultural, economic, social and political context. Yet, in 2020 two studies reached opposite conclusions regarding the extent and intensity of Negev Highland viticulture, its relationship to Byzantine 'Gaza wine' and the associated …
Caravanserai middens on desert roads
Long-distance trade routes criss-crossed ancient Africa and Eurasia. Archaeological research has focused on the commodities in transit and the excavation of major centres located along these routes, with less attention paid to smaller caravanserai and evidence such as rubbish middens. The 'Incense Route' linked the Arabian Peninsula and Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, with activity peaking during the Nabataean and Roman periods. The authors pre…
Insights from a Recent Workshop on Walls, Borders, and Frontier Zones in the Ancient and the Contemporary World
This article reports on the ‘Walls, Borders, and Frontier Zones in the Ancient and Contemporary World’ workshop and its implications of transdisciplinary research for building comparative insights into the uses, meanings and experiences of border and wall constructions in the past and present
Archaeology (21 obras) · Archaeology and Historical Studies (20 obras) · History (20 obras) · Geography (18 obras) · Ancient history (14 obras) · Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History (8 obras) · History (8 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (7 obras) · Byzantine architecture (6 obras) · Islam (6 obras)