A J Kposowa
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 9834 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | A J Kposowa |
| NOMBRES | A J |
| APELLIDO | Kposowa |
| FIRMA | KPOSOWA A J |
| AFILIACIONES | University of California, Riverside |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7509-7957 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 37 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 374 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 37 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1987 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2020 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
Marital status, sex, and suicide
The purpose of the paper was to use new longitudinal data to investigate the impact of marital status on suicide, and test Durkheim’s marital status propositions. Previous research found marital status was associated with suicide, but some studies neglected sex, most of the research was cross-sectional, and divorce and separated statuses were often combined. Data were obtained from the latest release of the U.S. National Longitudinal Mortality St…
The color continuum
Despite the increasing body of literature surrounding online dating preferences, there remains a paucity of research that analyzes whether skin color influences the dating selection process. To fill this empirical gap, the present study uses data collected from 2,024 Asian dating profiles, including the skin tone of the daters, to assess the impact that skin color variation may have on the inter- and intraracial dating preferences of heterosexual…
Shifting racial hierarchies
Multi-racial (mixed-race) people constitute a growing percentage of the United States (US) population. The study reported in this paper used residential segregation measures as a proxy for social distance, to examine whether segregation levels of multi-racial groups differ from those of mono-racial groups in the US in 2010. First, we find that all multi-racial groups considered in the study experience lower levels of segregation at county level t…
Are Asian Americans Who Have Interracial Relationships Politically Distinct
Research on interracial marriage and relationships uses the incidence of interracial romantic relationships to measure immigrant assimilation. Little attention, however, has been paid to the implications of interracial relationships for racial group politics. Are those who practice exogamy politically distinct from those who do not? We develop testable hypotheses from existing theories of and literature on interracial marriages/relationships. We …
Culture and Suicide Acceptability
Cultural perspectives on suicidality have been largely marked by work explaining variability in suicide acceptability in the United States using structural variables including marital status and demographics, and limited symbolic or values orientations such as feminism, political liberalism, and civil liberties. The present article applies recent developments in comparative cultural sociology to the problem of suicidality. The central hypothesis …
A cohort analysis of employment status and homicide victimization in the United States
The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of employment status on homicide victimization among cohort members. Data were derived from the US National Longitudinal Mortality Study. Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to the data. Analysis showed that employment status was significantly associated with homicide. The unemployed were over 50% more likely to become homicide victims than the employed. Persons not in the labo…
The effect of survivalism-self-expressionism culture on black male suicide acceptability
Religion and Suicide Acceptability
Four perspectives (moral community thesis, religious integration, religious commitment, and social networks) guide the selection of variables in this study. Data are from the combined World Values/European Values Surveys for 2000 (50,547 individuals nested in 56 nations). The results of a multivariate hierarchical linear model support all four perspectives. Persons residing in nations with relatively high levels of religiosity, who are affiliated…
Police Officer Characteristics and the Likelihood of Using Deadly Force
Past research on police shootings, when examining officer characteristics, has focused on the officer's race, particularly when it is not the same as the race of the person shot. Data from 186 officer-involved shootings were used to examine whether race effects existed and, if so, would be eliminated or attenuated by controlling for officer gender, education, age, and history of shooting. Male officers were more likely to shoot than female office…
The Association of Suicide Rates with Individual‐Level Suicide Attitudes
Objective. Research on the predictors of individual‐level attitudes toward suicide has neglected the possible role of contextual‐level predictors. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by assessing the association between suicide rates and the attitudes of individuals. Based on social learning theory, it is argued that persons socialized in nations with relatively high rates of suicide are more likely to be exposed to suicidal ro…
Erosion of the Rule of Law as a Contributing Factor in Civil Conflict
The purpose of the paper was to review the extent to which autocratic tendencies, suppression of civil liberties, and government mismanagement between 1968 and 1985 eroded confidence in the Sierra Leone government and laid the foundation for the country’s civil war that began in 1991. It was argued that numerous factors were at the basis of the war, and that corruption, autocratic and patrimonial rule by Siaka Stevens and his ruling party, the Al…
Race and Homicide in the U.S. National Longitudinal Mortality Study
The purpose of the study was to examine long-term trends and socioeconomic and structural covariates of homicide victimization. In particular, it examined black race as a risk factor, and whether its effect would be eliminated if appropriate controls are made for indicators of disadvantage, such as unemployment, low educational attainment, and low income. To study time trends, National Vital Statistics data were used. To examine covariate effects…
The Effect of Religiosity on Tax Fraud Acceptability
Religion provides an important basis for social integration and the prevention of deviant behavior, such as tax fraud, a crime that costs society billions of dollars in lost revenue. The literature on tax fraud and tax fraud acceptability (TFA) has neglected religiosity as a social bond that may deter this type of behavior. Furthermore, existing work is based on the United States; there are no systematic cross-national studies. In particular, the…
Race, Ethnicity and the Risk of Homicide Victimization in the United States
Linked data from the National Health Interview Surveys and Multiple Causes of Death Use Files are used to estimate the individual level effects of race and ethnicity, and relevant controls on homicide mortality. African American and Hispanic race/ethnicity are found to be leading factors in homicide victimization. Following some previous work this research also finds that the gap between white and minority homicide victimization is attenuated but…
Police officer characteristics and internal affairs investigations for use of force allegations
Offending Patterns Among Southeast Asians in the State of California
Using California's Monthly Arrest and Citation Register (MACR) data collected by the California Department of Justice for the years 1991-1996, this study examined odds of arrest for various violent and lucrative type offenses, across seven different Asian ethnic groups. To avoid selection bias, African Americans, Hispanics and Native Americans were also included in the analysis. Logistic regression models were fitted to the MACR data. Consistent …
Research on unemployment and suicide
acleod and Davey Smith state that the aim of their paper is to critically examine the role of psychosocial factors in health. 1 Unfortunately, what could have been an interesting discussion is compromised by the authors implicit assumption that there is a single pathway linking social position to health. The authors seem to equate parsimonious causal analysis with a narrow, reductionistic perspective, subsequently devoting most of their paper to …
Divorce and suicide risk
There is accumulating evidence that divorced and separated people have much higher suicide rates than their married counterparts. In a previous paper published in this journal, it was observed that divorced and separated men were nearly 2.4 times more likely to kill themselves than their married counterparts.1 That study, however, failed to directly compare divorced men and women. While it informed us that divorced people are at higher risk of su…
Searching for relief
Searching for relief
Unemployment and suicide
Background. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of employment status measured at baseline on the risk of suicide by years of follow-up, using a large nationally representative sample of the US population. Methods. Cox regression models were applied to data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, based on the 1979–1989 follow-up. In estimating the effect of baseline employment status on suicide, adjustments were made for bas…
The Effect of Substance Use in Pregnancy on the Risk of Infant Mortality
Using data from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS), this study examined the effect of maternal substance use during pregnancy on infant mortality in the United States. Logistic regression models were fitted to a 1988 cohort of births to study infant deaths. The results of the logistic regression models indicated that cigarette smoking and cocaine / crack use were associated with significantly higher risk of infant death. …
Marital status and suicide in the National Longitudinal Mortality Study
METHODS Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, based on the 1979–1989 follow up. In estimating the effect of marital status, adjustments were made for age, sex, race, education, family income, and region of residence
Fulbe Presence in Sierra Leone
Perceived Importance of Services for Persons with Aids
596 adults from a moderately sized community in central California were divided into four groups (person with HIV or AIDS, friend or relative, caregiver or service provider for such a person, or member of the general public) and completed a schedule assessing their perceptions of the importance of 36 items related to potential services for persons with HIV or AIDS. Factor analysis of these items yielded in six constructs (Counseling, Medical, Ass…
The Political Origins of African Military Coups
Military interventions are strategic in understanding "who gets what, when, and how" in postcolonial Africa. Building on past structural explanations of African coups, we examine two waves of military interventions and different types of coup events, as well as the coup intensity index, the traditional focus of analysis. We find strong support for military centrality and theories of ethnic plurality and competition. There is little evidence of a …
Marital status and suicide in the National Longitudinal Mortality Study
METHODS Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, based on the 1979–1989 follow up. In estimating the effect of marital status, adjustments were made for age, sex, race, education, family income, and region of residence
Reassessing the Structural Covariates of Violent and Property Crimes in the USA
Les AA. a partir de donnees collectees dans de nombreux comtes aux Etats-Unis etudient les rapports entre phenomenes de violence, de situation de precarite economique, les problemes d'integration ainsi que d'autres variables structurelles et la nature et les taux des crimes violents par rapport aux homicides. Ils n'etablissent aucun lien entre sous-proletariat et crimes violents. Le critere d'inegalite sociale leur apparait non pertinent en cette…
Religion and Suicide Acceptability
Four perspectives (moral community thesis, religious integration, religious commitment, and social networks) guide the selection of variables in this study. Data are from the combined World Values/European Values Surveys for 2000 (50,547 individuals nested in 56 nations). The results of a multivariate hierarchical linear model support all four perspectives. Persons residing in nations with relatively high levels of religiosity, who are affiliated…
Explaining Military Coups D'Etat
Military coups and related problems of political control in Third World countries present a major obstacle to economic and social development. We evaluate a synthetic theory of military coups derived from political development theory, military centrality arguments, several theories of ethnic antagonism, and economic dependency theory. Using data on military interventions in 33 Black African states between 1957 and 1984, we carry out a LISREL anal…
Reassessing the Structural Covariates of U.S. Homicide Rates
Previous research on homicide rates, based mainly on samples of highly urbanized areas has produced inconsistent findings. In an effort to make greater progress and find possible reasons for the inconclusive results, the present study investigates homicide rates over a large sample of U.S. counties. Support is found for the southern subculture of violence theory, economic deprivation arguments, and social disorganization. Previous work ignored no…
The Association of Suicide Rates with Individual‐Level Suicide Attitudes
Objective. Research on the predictors of individual‐level attitudes toward suicide has neglected the possible role of contextual‐level predictors. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by assessing the association between suicide rates and the attitudes of individuals. Based on social learning theory, it is argued that persons socialized in nations with relatively high rates of suicide are more likely to be exposed to suicidal ro…
The Structural Sources of Military Coups in Postcolonial Africa, 1957-1984
Why has postcolonial Africa been so vulnerable to military coups? Examination of the different types of military interventions (plots, attempts, and successful seizures) and comparison of the immediate independence period with the 1970s show the major sources of coups to be ethnic antagonisms stemming from cultural plurality and political competition, and the presence of strong militaries with factionalized officer corps. There is no evidence for…
White Male Suicide in the United States
Using data from the 1979–85 National Longitudinal Mortality Study and multivariate hazards regression analysis, the study investigates risk factors associated with suicide mortality among white males in the U.S. (ICD-9 Codes E950-E959). Results were mixed with regard to the social integration-suicide hypothesis. Divorced or separated men and those who live done (socially isolated) have significantly higher risks of suicide mortality. However, sin…
Explaining Divorce in the United States a Study of 3,111 Counties, 1980
Three indicators of social integration--church membership population change and [urban status]--are tested with a group of socioeconomic variables and median population age on rates of divorce for 3111 U.S. counties 1980. The study replicates findings of previous studies that have shown comparatively strong effects of social integration and weak socioeconomic effects on divorce. [Urban status] was found to be most strongly related to divorce with…
The Effect of Religiosity on Tax Fraud Acceptability
Religion provides an important basis for social integration and the prevention of deviant behavior, such as tax fraud, a crime that costs society billions of dollars in lost revenue. The literature on tax fraud and tax fraud acceptability (TFA) has neglected religiosity as a social bond that may deter this type of behavior. Furthermore, existing work is based on the United States; there are no systematic cross-national studies. In particular, the…
The Impact Of Race On Divorce In The United States
Population Survey, a study was done to examine the effect of race on divorce in the United States, controlling for various risk factors noted in previous research. Life table and Cox proportional hazards models were specified. The risk factors controlled included age at first marriage, marriage cohort, marital status at first birth, age at first birth, presence of children, place of residence, family income, housing type, labor force status, and …
Police officer characteristics and internal affairs investigations for use of force allegations
The effect of survivalism-self-expressionism culture on black male suicide acceptability
The color continuum
Despite the increasing body of literature surrounding online dating preferences, there remains a paucity of research that analyzes whether skin color influences the dating selection process. To fill this empirical gap, the present study uses data collected from 2,024 Asian dating profiles, including the skin tone of the daters, to assess the impact that skin color variation may have on the inter- and intraracial dating preferences of heterosexual…
Divorce and suicide risk
There is accumulating evidence that divorced and separated people have much higher suicide rates than their married counterparts. In a previous paper published in this journal, it was observed that divorced and separated men were nearly 2.4 times more likely to kill themselves than their married counterparts.1 That study, however, failed to directly compare divorced men and women. While it informed us that divorced people are at higher risk of su…
The Effects of Religion and Feminism on Suicide Ideology
Steve Stack, Ira Wasserman, Augustine Kposowa, The Effects of Religion and Feminism on Suicide Ideology: An Analysis of National Survey Data, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 33, No. 2 (Jun., 1994), pp. 110-121
The impact of immigration on unemployment and earnings among racial minorities in the United States
The existing immigration literature presents inconsistencies and contradictions. Some studies suggest that immigration has no effect on the earnings and employment levels of native-born minorities, while others offer contrary evidence. In an effort to make more progress, a study was done to examine the impact of immigration on unemployment and earnings among racial minorities in the US. Employing United States census data covering 1940 to 1980, a…
Shifting racial hierarchies
Multi-racial (mixed-race) people constitute a growing percentage of the United States (US) population. The study reported in this paper used residential segregation measures as a proxy for social distance, to examine whether segregation levels of multi-racial groups differ from those of mono-racial groups in the US in 2010. First, we find that all multi-racial groups considered in the study experience lower levels of segregation at county level t…
Are Asian Americans Who Have Interracial Relationships Politically Distinct
Research on interracial marriage and relationships uses the incidence of interracial romantic relationships to measure immigrant assimilation. Little attention, however, has been paid to the implications of interracial relationships for racial group politics. Are those who practice exogamy politically distinct from those who do not? We develop testable hypotheses from existing theories of and literature on interracial marriages/relationships. We …
Race and Homicide in the U.S. National Longitudinal Mortality Study
The purpose of the study was to examine long-term trends and socioeconomic and structural covariates of homicide victimization. In particular, it examined black race as a risk factor, and whether its effect would be eliminated if appropriate controls are made for indicators of disadvantage, such as unemployment, low educational attainment, and low income. To study time trends, National Vital Statistics data were used. To examine covariate effects…
Research on unemployment and suicide
acleod and Davey Smith state that the aim of their paper is to critically examine the role of psychosocial factors in health. 1 Unfortunately, what could have been an interesting discussion is compromised by the authors implicit assumption that there is a single pathway linking social position to health. The authors seem to equate parsimonious causal analysis with a narrow, reductionistic perspective, subsequently devoting most of their paper to …
A cohort analysis of employment status and homicide victimization in the United States
The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of employment status on homicide victimization among cohort members. Data were derived from the US National Longitudinal Mortality Study. Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to the data. Analysis showed that employment status was significantly associated with homicide. The unemployed were over 50% more likely to become homicide victims than the employed. Persons not in the labo…
The Effect of Substance Use in Pregnancy on the Risk of Infant Mortality
Using data from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS), this study examined the effect of maternal substance use during pregnancy on infant mortality in the United States. Logistic regression models were fitted to a 1988 cohort of births to study infant deaths. The results of the logistic regression models indicated that cigarette smoking and cocaine / crack use were associated with significantly higher risk of infant death. …
The Effect of Marriage on Male and Female Homicides in the United States
Employing data from the 1979–85 National Longitudinal Mortality Study, this research examines the buffering effects of marriage, family size, and living arrangements on homicide victimization in the United States. Multivariate hazards models were fitted to a 1979–81 population cohort of adults aged 15–44 years, whose mortality (survival) experiences were followed until 1985. The results of the proportional and non-proportional hazards analyses in…
Explaining Divorce in the United States a Study of 3,111 Counties, 1980
Three indicators of social integration--church membership population change and [urban status]--are tested with a group of socioeconomic variables and median population age on rates of divorce for 3111 U.S. counties 1980. The study replicates findings of previous studies that have shown comparatively strong effects of social integration and weak socioeconomic effects on divorce. [Urban status] was found to be most strongly related to divorce with…
Explaining Military Coups D'Etat
Military coups and related problems of political control in Third World countries present a major obstacle to economic and social development. We evaluate a synthetic theory of military coups derived from political development theory, military centrality arguments, several theories of ethnic antagonism, and economic dependency theory. Using data on military interventions in 33 Black African states between 1957 and 1984, we carry out a LISREL anal…
The Political Origins of African Military Coups
Military interventions are strategic in understanding "who gets what, when, and how" in postcolonial Africa. Building on past structural explanations of African coups, we examine two waves of military interventions and different types of coup events, as well as the coup intensity index, the traditional focus of analysis. We find strong support for military centrality and theories of ethnic plurality and competition. There is little evidence of a …
Reassessing the Structural Covariates of U.S. Homicide Rates
Previous research on homicide rates, based mainly on samples of highly urbanized areas has produced inconsistent findings. In an effort to make greater progress and find possible reasons for the inconclusive results, the present study investigates homicide rates over a large sample of U.S. counties. Support is found for the southern subculture of violence theory, economic deprivation arguments, and social disorganization. Previous work ignored no…
The Structural Sources of Military Coups in Postcolonial Africa, 1957-1984
Why has postcolonial Africa been so vulnerable to military coups? Examination of the different types of military interventions (plots, attempts, and successful seizures) and comparison of the immediate independence period with the 1970s show the major sources of coups to be ethnic antagonisms stemming from cultural plurality and political competition, and the presence of strong militaries with factionalized officer corps. There is no evidence for…
The Effect of Marriage on Male and Female Homicides in the United States
Employing data from the 1979–85 National Longitudinal Mortality Study, this research examines the buffering effects of marriage, family size, and living arrangements on homicide victimization in the United States. Multivariate hazards models were fitted to a 1979–81 population cohort of adults aged 15–44 years, whose mortality (survival) experiences were followed until 1985. The results of the proportional and non-proportional hazards analyses in…
The Effects of Religion and Feminism on Suicide Ideology
Steve Stack, Ira Wasserman, Augustine Kposowa, The Effects of Religion and Feminism on Suicide Ideology: An Analysis of National Survey Data, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 33, No. 2 (Jun., 1994), pp. 110-121
White Male Suicide in the United States
Using data from the 1979–85 National Longitudinal Mortality Study and multivariate hazards regression analysis, the study investigates risk factors associated with suicide mortality among white males in the U.S. (ICD-9 Codes E950-E959). Results were mixed with regard to the social integration-suicide hypothesis. Divorced or separated men and those who live done (socially isolated) have significantly higher risks of suicide mortality. However, sin…
Reassessing the Structural Covariates of Violent and Property Crimes in the USA
Les AA. a partir de donnees collectees dans de nombreux comtes aux Etats-Unis etudient les rapports entre phenomenes de violence, de situation de precarite economique, les problemes d'integration ainsi que d'autres variables structurelles et la nature et les taux des crimes violents par rapport aux homicides. Ils n'etablissent aucun lien entre sous-proletariat et crimes violents. Le critere d'inegalite sociale leur apparait non pertinent en cette…
The impact of immigration on unemployment and earnings among racial minorities in the United States
The existing immigration literature presents inconsistencies and contradictions. Some studies suggest that immigration has no effect on the earnings and employment levels of native-born minorities, while others offer contrary evidence. In an effort to make more progress, a study was done to examine the impact of immigration on unemployment and earnings among racial minorities in the US. Employing United States census data covering 1940 to 1980, a…
Families and Parenting
Mothers (24 lesbian and 35 heterosexual) were asked to complete a questionnaire of four scales, Index of Family Relations, Index of Parental Attitudes, Family Awareness Scale, and Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Analysis of the mean scores indicated that these lesbian and heterosexual mothers gathered in a snowball sampling had remarkably similar scores on self-reported stress, adjustment, competence, and quality of the relationship with their families,…
The Impact Of Race On Divorce In The United States
Population Survey, a study was done to examine the effect of race on divorce in the United States, controlling for various risk factors noted in previous research. Life table and Cox proportional hazards models were specified. The risk factors controlled included age at first marriage, marriage cohort, marital status at first birth, age at first birth, presence of children, place of residence, family income, housing type, labor force status, and …
Perceived Importance of Services for Persons with Aids
596 adults from a moderately sized community in central California were divided into four groups (person with HIV or AIDS, friend or relative, caregiver or service provider for such a person, or member of the general public) and completed a schedule assessing their perceptions of the importance of 36 items related to potential services for persons with HIV or AIDS. Factor analysis of these items yielded in six constructs (Counseling, Medical, Ass…
Marital status and suicide in the National Longitudinal Mortality Study
METHODS Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, based on the 1979–1989 follow up. In estimating the effect of marital status, adjustments were made for age, sex, race, education, family income, and region of residence
Fulbe Presence in Sierra Leone
Unemployment and suicide
Background. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of employment status measured at baseline on the risk of suicide by years of follow-up, using a large nationally representative sample of the US population. Methods. Cox regression models were applied to data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, based on the 1979–1989 follow-up. In estimating the effect of baseline employment status on suicide, adjustments were made for bas…
The Effect of Substance Use in Pregnancy on the Risk of Infant Mortality
Using data from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS), this study examined the effect of maternal substance use during pregnancy on infant mortality in the United States. Logistic regression models were fitted to a 1988 cohort of births to study infant deaths. The results of the logistic regression models indicated that cigarette smoking and cocaine / crack use were associated with significantly higher risk of infant death. …
Searching for relief
Searching for relief
Offending Patterns Among Southeast Asians in the State of California
Using California's Monthly Arrest and Citation Register (MACR) data collected by the California Department of Justice for the years 1991-1996, this study examined odds of arrest for various violent and lucrative type offenses, across seven different Asian ethnic groups. To avoid selection bias, African Americans, Hispanics and Native Americans were also included in the analysis. Logistic regression models were fitted to the MACR data. Consistent …
Research on unemployment and suicide
acleod and Davey Smith state that the aim of their paper is to critically examine the role of psychosocial factors in health. 1 Unfortunately, what could have been an interesting discussion is compromised by the authors implicit assumption that there is a single pathway linking social position to health. The authors seem to equate parsimonious causal analysis with a narrow, reductionistic perspective, subsequently devoting most of their paper to …
Divorce and suicide risk
There is accumulating evidence that divorced and separated people have much higher suicide rates than their married counterparts. In a previous paper published in this journal, it was observed that divorced and separated men were nearly 2.4 times more likely to kill themselves than their married counterparts.1 That study, however, failed to directly compare divorced men and women. While it informed us that divorced people are at higher risk of su…
Police officer characteristics and internal affairs investigations for use of force allegations
Race, Ethnicity and the Risk of Homicide Victimization in the United States
Linked data from the National Health Interview Surveys and Multiple Causes of Death Use Files are used to estimate the individual level effects of race and ethnicity, and relevant controls on homicide mortality. African American and Hispanic race/ethnicity are found to be leading factors in homicide victimization. Following some previous work this research also finds that the gap between white and minority homicide victimization is attenuated but…
Erosion of the Rule of Law as a Contributing Factor in Civil Conflict
The purpose of the paper was to review the extent to which autocratic tendencies, suppression of civil liberties, and government mismanagement between 1968 and 1985 eroded confidence in the Sierra Leone government and laid the foundation for the country’s civil war that began in 1991. It was argued that numerous factors were at the basis of the war, and that corruption, autocratic and patrimonial rule by Siaka Stevens and his ruling party, the Al…
Sociology (28 obras) · Demography (24 obras) · Psychology (24 obras) · Medicine (21 obras) · Political science (18 obras) · Economics (14 obras) · Population (14 obras) · Poison control (13 obras) · Environmental health (11 obras) · Criminology (10 obras)