Theo Farrell
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 984102 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Theo Farrell |
| NOMBRES | Theo |
| APELLIDO | Farrell |
| FIRMA | FARRELL T |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Exeter |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2952-3783 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 36 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 212 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1994 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Evolving towards military innovation
Established theory views military innovation as extraordinarily difficult, resulting in painful if infrequent revolutionary transformations. This article presents a divergent view, in which military innovation occurs progressively in an evolutionary fashion. Drawing on New Institutionalism and the Sociology of Science and Technology, we explore processes of professional debate and consensus-building among military officers, which can lead to evol…
Military adaptation and organisational convergence in war
Existing studies focus on explaining how militaries adapt in different ways to the challenges of war. However, organisation theory suggests that competition and normative pressure will lead overtime to convergence within particular business and policy sectors, as optimal ways of organizing and operating are learned and emulated. I examine this dynamic in the context of the conflict between the Afghan Taliban and the British Army. That there shoul…
Making Peace with the Taliban
In Afghanistan, neither side can win - a reality that creates a simple and compelling logic for peace talks
Military Adaptation in Afghanistan by Theo Farrell, Frans Osinga and James A Russell
The Taliban at war
In seeking to explain why and how the war in Afghanistan has dragged on, most analysis has focused on the western and Afghan government effort. In this article, we examine how the war looks from the perspective of the insurgency. Using Helmand province as a case-study, we draw on a large number of original interviews with Taliban field commanders and fighters to produce a uniquely detailed picture of the Taliban at war. In the first section, we e…
Campaign disconnect
Success in war depends on alignment between operations and strategy. Commonly, such alignment takes time as civilian and military leaders assess the effectiveness of operations and adjust them to ensure that strategic objectives are achieved. This article assesses prospects for the US-led campaign in Afghanistan. Drawing on extensive field research, the authors find that significant progress has been made at the operational level in four key area…
The Changing Character of Armed Conflict and the Implications for Refugee Protection Jurisprudence
This article focuses on a key aspect of the EC Qualification Directive, namely, the grounds of eligibility for subsidiary protection. These grounds rest on a test for the risk of ‘serious harm’ were the applicant to be returned to his or her country of origin. If a genuine risk of harm is found, then the applicant would qualify for protection. Article 15 of the Directive defines ‘serious harm’ in terms of (a) the death penalty, (b) torture or deg…
Nuclear non-use
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Nato's Transformation Gaps
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has since the turn of the new century experienced a double transformation gap: between global and regionally oriented allies and between allies emulating new military practices defined by the United States and allies resisting radical change. This article takes stock of these gaps in light of a decade's worth of collective and national adjustments and in light of counter-insurgency lessons provided by…
Improving in War
War disciplines militaries: it forces them to refine, and sometimes revise, their tactics, techniques and technologies, or risk defeat in battle. Yet there is no theory of how militaries improve in war. This article develops a theory of military adaptation, which it applies to an analysis of the British campaign in Helmand from 2006 to 2009. Drawing on a wealth of primary sources (military plans, post operation reports and interviews), it shows h…
Coin Machine
The dynamics of British military transformation
The British military have embarked on a comprehensive process of transformation towards a network-enabled, effects-orientated, and expeditionary force posture. This has involved developing brand new military doctrine, organizational concepts, and technology. The US military are also transforming, and American military ideas about network-centric and effects-based warfare have influenced the British military. But the British have not simply aped t…
Strategic Culture and American Empire
This article considers the ideational fabric of American empire. Section one discusses why liberal democratic empires are not particularly peaceful. Section two highlights the analytical value of a focus on U.S. strategic culture in explaining U.S. military practice. Section three looks more broadly at the role of identity in giving meaning to the U.S. imperial project and in giving reasons for the use of force in support of it. Throughout, compa…
Force and Legitimacy in World Politics
This volume was produced in the context of the crisis of legitimacy that occasioned the 2003 Iraq War. As is well known, a bitter feud broke out in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) over the legality of using force against Iraq. The US government justified going to war in the context of a new doctrine of preventive use of force for self-defence – a doctrine that was soon named after President George W. Bush. The British government anchor…
World Culture and Military Power
World culture shapes the way states generate military power: norms of conventional warfare provide the template for military organization, and norms of humanitarian law define what is morally acceptable in military operations. Sometimes, however, local strategic circumstances can challenge these worldwide technical scripts and moral codes for military action. Accordingly, this article advances an approach—cultural adaptation theory—that accounts …
The Sources of Military Change
In varying circumstances, military organizations around the world are undergoing major restructuring. This book explores why, and how, militaries change. The authors focus on a complex of three influencing factors—cultural norms, politics, and new technology—offering a historical perspective of more than a century. Their analyses range from developing states to Russia, Britain, the U.S., and NATO. Throughout, they reveal the manifold interactions…
When Reason Fails
Constructivist Security Studies
Journal Article Constructivist Security Studies: Portrait of a Research Program Get access Theo Farrell Theo Farrell University of Exeter, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Studies Review, Volume 4, Issue 1, Spring 2002, Pages 49–72, https://doi.org/10.1111/1521-9488.t01-1-00252 Published: 17 December 2002
Memory, Imagination and War
Books reviewed in this article: Jay Winter and Emmanuel Sivan, (eds.) War and Remembrance in the Twentieth Century Manfred F. Boemeke, Roger Chickering and Stig Foster, (eds.) Anticipating Total War: The German and American Experiences, 1871‐1914 Jeffrey Verhey, The Spirit of 1914: Militarism, Myth and Mobilization in Germany Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius, War Land on the Eastern Front: Culture, National Identity and German Occupation in World War I …
Courting controversy
In July 1996, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) issued a controversial Advisory Opinion on the legality of nuclear use (including, threat of use). The ICJ found that ‘nuclear use would generally be contrary to the rules of international law’, but it failed to conclude that nuclear use would be unlawful in all circumstances. The major reason for this was because it recognized nuclear norms (that is, the practice of deterrence) to which many…
Transnational Norms and Military Development
This article examines the impact of transnational norms on military development. In so doing, it combines constructivism's study of systemic norms with culturalist work on unit-level norms. I focus on two transnational norms — norms of conventional warfare and norms of civilian supremacy — and show how they shape military development through a case study of post-revolutionary Ireland. I draw on recent work by constructivists to elucidate the cont…
America's Misguided Mission
In Democracy by force, Karin von Hippel provided a useful analysis of the mistakes made and lessons learned by the United States in using military force to promote democracy during the Cold War. However, more fundamental issues with regard to the intentions and consequences of American intervention are left unexplored. US policy-makers mistakenly believe that spreading democracy will itself enhance international security. Democracy needs liberali…
Isms and Schisms
Originally published in: John S. Duffield, 'Isms and Schisms: Culturalism versus Realism in Security Studies', International Security, 24:1 (Summer, 1999), pp. 156-180. © 1999 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, published by the MIT Press. http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/016228899560086. This article is provided for non-commercial, scholarly use only
Counting the Costs of the Nuclear Age
Stephen L. Schwartz, Atomic audit: the costs and consequences of US nuclear weapons since 1940
Culture and military power
Ken Booth and Russell Trood (eds.), Strategic Cultures in the Asia-Pacific Region, Basingstoke, Macmillan, forthcomingAlastair Iain Johnston, Cultural Realism: Strategic Culture and Grand Strategy in Chinese History, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1995Peter J. Katzenstein, Cultural Norms and National Security: Police and Military in Postwar Japan, Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1996Peter J. Katzenstein (ed.), The Culture of Nat…
Improving in War
War disciplines militaries: it forces them to refine, and sometimes revise, their tactics, techniques and technologies, or risk defeat in battle. Yet there is no theory of how militaries improve in war. This article develops a theory of military adaptation, which it applies to an analysis of the British campaign in Helmand from 2006 to 2009. Drawing on a wealth of primary sources (military plans, post operation reports and interviews), it shows h…
Constructivist Security Studies
Journal Article Constructivist Security Studies: Portrait of a Research Program Get access Theo Farrell Theo Farrell University of Exeter, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Studies Review, Volume 4, Issue 1, Spring 2002, Pages 49–72, https://doi.org/10.1111/1521-9488.t01-1-00252 Published: 17 December 2002
World Culture and Military Power
World culture shapes the way states generate military power: norms of conventional warfare provide the template for military organization, and norms of humanitarian law define what is morally acceptable in military operations. Sometimes, however, local strategic circumstances can challenge these worldwide technical scripts and moral codes for military action. Accordingly, this article advances an approach—cultural adaptation theory—that accounts …
Transnational Norms and Military Development
This article examines the impact of transnational norms on military development. In so doing, it combines constructivism's study of systemic norms with culturalist work on unit-level norms. I focus on two transnational norms — norms of conventional warfare and norms of civilian supremacy — and show how they shape military development through a case study of post-revolutionary Ireland. I draw on recent work by constructivists to elucidate the cont…
Culture and military power
Ken Booth and Russell Trood (eds.), Strategic Cultures in the Asia-Pacific Region, Basingstoke, Macmillan, forthcomingAlastair Iain Johnston, Cultural Realism: Strategic Culture and Grand Strategy in Chinese History, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1995Peter J. Katzenstein, Cultural Norms and National Security: Police and Military in Postwar Japan, Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1996Peter J. Katzenstein (ed.), The Culture of Nat…
Cooperation among democracies
Journal Article Cooperation among democracies: the European influence on US foreign policy Get access Cooperation among democracies: the European influence on US foreign policy. By Thomas Risse-Kappen. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 1995. 250pp Index. £27.50. ISBN 0 691 03644 6. Theo Farrell Theo Farrell 1University of Exeter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 72, Iss…
Figuring out fighting organisations
Deborah D. Avant, Political Institutions and Military Change: Lessons from Peripheral Wars, Ithaca, New York, and London: Cornell University Press, 1994. Pp.xi + 161, biblio. index; £23.50. ISBN 0–8014–3034–8. Craig M. Cameron, American Samurai: Myth, Imagination, and the Conduct of Battle in the First Marine Division, 1941–1951, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Pp.xiii + 297, 19 illus. 9 maps, 2 tables, biblio. index; £2…
The Taliban at war
In seeking to explain why and how the war in Afghanistan has dragged on, most analysis has focused on the western and Afghan government effort. In this article, we examine how the war looks from the perspective of the insurgency. Using Helmand province as a case-study, we draw on a large number of original interviews with Taliban field commanders and fighters to produce a uniquely detailed picture of the Taliban at war. In the first section, we e…
Campaign disconnect
Success in war depends on alignment between operations and strategy. Commonly, such alignment takes time as civilian and military leaders assess the effectiveness of operations and adjust them to ensure that strategic objectives are achieved. This article assesses prospects for the US-led campaign in Afghanistan. Drawing on extensive field research, the authors find that significant progress has been made at the operational level in four key area…
Isms and Schisms
Originally published in: John S. Duffield, 'Isms and Schisms: Culturalism versus Realism in Security Studies', International Security, 24:1 (Summer, 1999), pp. 156-180. © 1999 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, published by the MIT Press. http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/016228899560086. This article is provided for non-commercial, scholarly use only
Coin Machine
The dynamics of British military transformation
The British military have embarked on a comprehensive process of transformation towards a network-enabled, effects-orientated, and expeditionary force posture. This has involved developing brand new military doctrine, organizational concepts, and technology. The US military are also transforming, and American military ideas about network-centric and effects-based warfare have influenced the British military. But the British have not simply aped t…
Courting controversy
In July 1996, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) issued a controversial Advisory Opinion on the legality of nuclear use (including, threat of use). The ICJ found that ‘nuclear use would generally be contrary to the rules of international law’, but it failed to conclude that nuclear use would be unlawful in all circumstances. The major reason for this was because it recognized nuclear norms (that is, the practice of deterrence) to which many…
Sliding into war
The US‐led intervention in Somalia has become shrouded in controversy. Criticism has centred on two issues: the manner of the UNITAF intervention and the military escalation under UNOSOM II. This article argues that in spite of criticisms by NGOs such as African Rights, the UNITAF intervention was both warranted and effective. Focusing on the actions of the US Army, it then analyses the circumstances under which UNOSOM II was dragged into a war i…
The logic of force
Journal Article The logic of force: the dilemma of limited war in American foreign policy Get access The logic of force: the dilemma of limited war in American foreign policy. By Christopher M. Gacek. New York: Columbia University Press. 1994. ISBN 0 231 096596 9. Pb.: $12.95; ISBN 0 231 09657 7. Theo Farrell Theo Farrell 1University of Exeter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 7…
The limits of safety
Making Peace with the Taliban
In Afghanistan, neither side can win - a reality that creates a simple and compelling logic for peace talks
Nato's Transformation Gaps
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has since the turn of the new century experienced a double transformation gap: between global and regionally oriented allies and between allies emulating new military practices defined by the United States and allies resisting radical change. This article takes stock of these gaps in light of a decade's worth of collective and national adjustments and in light of counter-insurgency lessons provided by…
Professionalization and suicidal defence planning by the Irish army, 1921–1941
Recently declassified war plans reveal the Irish Army preparing a conventional defence against expected British invasion in 1940–41. Irish Army planners realized such a defence would have been suicidal in the face of overwhelming British military superiority, yet they rejected the obvious alternative of preparing a defence which incorporated their operational experience of guerrilla warfare from the Anglo‐Irish War of 1919–21. This was because in…
Force and Legitimacy in World Politics
This volume was produced in the context of the crisis of legitimacy that occasioned the 2003 Iraq War. As is well known, a bitter feud broke out in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) over the legality of using force against Iraq. The US government justified going to war in the context of a new doctrine of preventive use of force for self-defence – a doctrine that was soon named after President George W. Bush. The British government anchor…
Evolving towards military innovation
Established theory views military innovation as extraordinarily difficult, resulting in painful if infrequent revolutionary transformations. This article presents a divergent view, in which military innovation occurs progressively in an evolutionary fashion. Drawing on New Institutionalism and the Sociology of Science and Technology, we explore processes of professional debate and consensus-building among military officers, which can lead to evol…
Military adaptation and organisational convergence in war
Existing studies focus on explaining how militaries adapt in different ways to the challenges of war. However, organisation theory suggests that competition and normative pressure will lead overtime to convergence within particular business and policy sectors, as optimal ways of organizing and operating are learned and emulated. I examine this dynamic in the context of the conflict between the Afghan Taliban and the British Army. That there shoul…
Memory, Imagination and War
Books reviewed in this article: Jay Winter and Emmanuel Sivan, (eds.) War and Remembrance in the Twentieth Century Manfred F. Boemeke, Roger Chickering and Stig Foster, (eds.) Anticipating Total War: The German and American Experiences, 1871‐1914 Jeffrey Verhey, The Spirit of 1914: Militarism, Myth and Mobilization in Germany Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius, War Land on the Eastern Front: Culture, National Identity and German Occupation in World War I …
The limits of safety
Weapons don’t make war
Journal Article Weapons don’t make war: policy, strategy and military technology Get access Weapons don’t make war: policy, strategy and military technology. By Colin S. Gray. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1993. 236pp. Index. $29.95. ISBN 0 7006 0559 2. Theo Farrell Theo Farrell 1University of Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 70, Issue 1, January 1994, Pages…
Sliding into war
The US‐led intervention in Somalia has become shrouded in controversy. Criticism has centred on two issues: the manner of the UNITAF intervention and the military escalation under UNOSOM II. This article argues that in spite of criticisms by NGOs such as African Rights, the UNITAF intervention was both warranted and effective. Focusing on the actions of the US Army, it then analyses the circumstances under which UNOSOM II was dragged into a war i…
Waste in weapons acquisition
Political institutions and military change
Journal Article Political institutions and military change: lessons from peripheral wars Get access Political institutions and military change: lessons from peripheral wars. By Deborah D. Avant. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1994. 160pp. Index. £24.95. ISBN 0 8014 3034 8. Theo Farrell Theo Farrell 1University of Exeter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 71, Issue 3, July …
The logic of force
Journal Article The logic of force: the dilemma of limited war in American foreign policy Get access The logic of force: the dilemma of limited war in American foreign policy. By Christopher M. Gacek. New York: Columbia University Press. 1994. ISBN 0 231 096596 9. Pb.: $12.95; ISBN 0 231 09657 7. Theo Farrell Theo Farrell 1University of Exeter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 7…
Figuring out fighting organisations
Deborah D. Avant, Political Institutions and Military Change: Lessons from Peripheral Wars, Ithaca, New York, and London: Cornell University Press, 1994. Pp.xi + 161, biblio. index; £23.50. ISBN 0–8014–3034–8. Craig M. Cameron, American Samurai: Myth, Imagination, and the Conduct of Battle in the First Marine Division, 1941–1951, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Pp.xiii + 297, 19 illus. 9 maps, 2 tables, biblio. index; £2…
Cooperation among democracies
Journal Article Cooperation among democracies: the European influence on US foreign policy Get access Cooperation among democracies: the European influence on US foreign policy. By Thomas Risse-Kappen. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 1995. 250pp Index. £27.50. ISBN 0 691 03644 6. Theo Farrell Theo Farrell 1University of Exeter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 72, Iss…
Masters of war
Journal Article Masters of war: military dissent and politics in the Vietnam era Get access Masters of war: military dissent and politics in the Vietnam era. By Robert Buzzanco. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1996. 386pp. £29.95. ISBN 0 521 48046 9. Theo Farrell Theo Farrell 1University of Exeter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 72, Issue 4, October 1996, Pages 827–828,…
After Rwanda
Journal Article After Rwanda: the coordination of United Nations humanitarian assistance, Humanitarian intervention in contemporary conflict, The new interventionisn 1991–1994: United Nations experience in Cambodia, former Yugoslavia, and Somalia, The politics of humanitarian intervention, The United Nations and Somalia 1992–1996 and World disasters report 1996 Get access After Rwanda: the coordination of United Nations humanitarian assistance. E…
Culture and military power
Ken Booth and Russell Trood (eds.), Strategic Cultures in the Asia-Pacific Region, Basingstoke, Macmillan, forthcomingAlastair Iain Johnston, Cultural Realism: Strategic Culture and Grand Strategy in Chinese History, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1995Peter J. Katzenstein, Cultural Norms and National Security: Police and Military in Postwar Japan, Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1996Peter J. Katzenstein (ed.), The Culture of Nat…
Professionalization and suicidal defence planning by the Irish army, 1921–1941
Recently declassified war plans reveal the Irish Army preparing a conventional defence against expected British invasion in 1940–41. Irish Army planners realized such a defence would have been suicidal in the face of overwhelming British military superiority, yet they rejected the obvious alternative of preparing a defence which incorporated their operational experience of guerrilla warfare from the Anglo‐Irish War of 1919–21. This was because in…
Isms and Schisms
Originally published in: John S. Duffield, 'Isms and Schisms: Culturalism versus Realism in Security Studies', International Security, 24:1 (Summer, 1999), pp. 156-180. © 1999 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, published by the MIT Press. http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/016228899560086. This article is provided for non-commercial, scholarly use only
Counting the Costs of the Nuclear Age
Stephen L. Schwartz, Atomic audit: the costs and consequences of US nuclear weapons since 1940
America's Misguided Mission
In Democracy by force, Karin von Hippel provided a useful analysis of the mistakes made and lessons learned by the United States in using military force to promote democracy during the Cold War. However, more fundamental issues with regard to the intentions and consequences of American intervention are left unexplored. US policy-makers mistakenly believe that spreading democracy will itself enhance international security. Democracy needs liberali…
Courting controversy
In July 1996, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) issued a controversial Advisory Opinion on the legality of nuclear use (including, threat of use). The ICJ found that ‘nuclear use would generally be contrary to the rules of international law’, but it failed to conclude that nuclear use would be unlawful in all circumstances. The major reason for this was because it recognized nuclear norms (that is, the practice of deterrence) to which many…
Transnational Norms and Military Development
This article examines the impact of transnational norms on military development. In so doing, it combines constructivism's study of systemic norms with culturalist work on unit-level norms. I focus on two transnational norms — norms of conventional warfare and norms of civilian supremacy — and show how they shape military development through a case study of post-revolutionary Ireland. I draw on recent work by constructivists to elucidate the cont…
The Sources of Military Change
In varying circumstances, military organizations around the world are undergoing major restructuring. This book explores why, and how, militaries change. The authors focus on a complex of three influencing factors—cultural norms, politics, and new technology—offering a historical perspective of more than a century. Their analyses range from developing states to Russia, Britain, the U.S., and NATO. Throughout, they reveal the manifold interactions…
When Reason Fails
Constructivist Security Studies
Journal Article Constructivist Security Studies: Portrait of a Research Program Get access Theo Farrell Theo Farrell University of Exeter, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Studies Review, Volume 4, Issue 1, Spring 2002, Pages 49–72, https://doi.org/10.1111/1521-9488.t01-1-00252 Published: 17 December 2002
Memory, Imagination and War
Books reviewed in this article: Jay Winter and Emmanuel Sivan, (eds.) War and Remembrance in the Twentieth Century Manfred F. Boemeke, Roger Chickering and Stig Foster, (eds.) Anticipating Total War: The German and American Experiences, 1871‐1914 Jeffrey Verhey, The Spirit of 1914: Militarism, Myth and Mobilization in Germany Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius, War Land on the Eastern Front: Culture, National Identity and German Occupation in World War I …
Strategic Culture and American Empire
This article considers the ideational fabric of American empire. Section one discusses why liberal democratic empires are not particularly peaceful. Section two highlights the analytical value of a focus on U.S. strategic culture in explaining U.S. military practice. Section three looks more broadly at the role of identity in giving meaning to the U.S. imperial project and in giving reasons for the use of force in support of it. Throughout, compa…
Force and Legitimacy in World Politics
This volume was produced in the context of the crisis of legitimacy that occasioned the 2003 Iraq War. As is well known, a bitter feud broke out in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) over the legality of using force against Iraq. The US government justified going to war in the context of a new doctrine of preventive use of force for self-defence – a doctrine that was soon named after President George W. Bush. The British government anchor…
World Culture and Military Power
World culture shapes the way states generate military power: norms of conventional warfare provide the template for military organization, and norms of humanitarian law define what is morally acceptable in military operations. Sometimes, however, local strategic circumstances can challenge these worldwide technical scripts and moral codes for military action. Accordingly, this article advances an approach—cultural adaptation theory—that accounts …
The dynamics of British military transformation
The British military have embarked on a comprehensive process of transformation towards a network-enabled, effects-orientated, and expeditionary force posture. This has involved developing brand new military doctrine, organizational concepts, and technology. The US military are also transforming, and American military ideas about network-centric and effects-based warfare have influenced the British military. But the British have not simply aped t…
Political science (35 obras) · Law (29 obras) · Sociology (25 obras) · Law (24 obras) · Politics (17 obras) · Military History and Strategy (14 obras) · History (12 obras) · History (10 obras) · Political economy (10 obras) · Computer Science (9 obras)