Dániel Z Kádár
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 992471 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Dániel Z Kádár |
| NOMBRES | Dániel Z |
| APELLIDO | Kádár |
| FIRMA | KÁDÁR D Z |
| AFILIACIONES | Dalian University of Foreign Languages |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7238-730X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 106 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 217 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 106 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2007 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Linguistic Politeness
The present chapter provides an overview of linguistic politeness and its study. Politeness encompasses all kinds of behavior through which relationships are built up and maintained in interaction. This chapter first presents a detailed definition of politeness. It then provides an overview of the history of the field. A summary of the key principles of politeness research follows this overview. Finally, this chapter discusses the main units of a…
“Why are you speaking Chinese so well?”
Compliments on the Chinese proficiency of L2 learners has been reported to be ambivalent, often triggering negative evaluations. In the present study, we aim to explore the pragmatic reasons behind this ambivalence. First, we examine an online corpus of etic comments on Chinese L2-related complimenting, alongside a corpus of interviews conducted with expert L2 speakers of Chinese. Through this step, we hope to systematically capture how learners …
Chinese phrasal downgraders
In this study we investigate why phrasal downgraders such as mei-guanxi 没关系 (‘does not matter’) and meishi(-meishi) 没事 (没事) (‘no problem(-no problem)’) turn out to be problematic even for advanced L2 learners of Chinese. Although both mei-guanxi and meishi(-meishi) are standardly mentioned in Chinese L2 textbooks, various of their uses are still surprisingly irritating for L2 learners. We look at the heart of such irritations by following a tripa…
Small talk in diplomatic negotiation
In this study, we investigate the function of Small Talk in a high-profile summit on nuclear arms control where the participants negotiated further steps in the détente period of the Cold War. We divide manifestations of Small Talk into themes, allowing us to identify a cluster of topics. We also consider the function of the elements of this cluster in the sequential build-up of the summit. We examine the pragmatic functions of Small Talk themes …
Interpreting literalised rituals as a genre
The aim of this article is to systematically describe the genre of literalised rituals from a historical pragmatic perspective. The study is based on a corpus drawn from the archaic Chinese source Shijing 詩經 (‘ The Book of Odes ’), which is a renowned collection of poetic texts written between the eleventh and sixth centuries bc . We examine a particular section of Shijing as an example par excellence for the genre of literalised rituals. Charact…
Chinese as a historical diplomatic language
In this study, we explore historical tributary diplomatic language use in Chinese. For many centuries, China as a major power in (South) East Asia conducted diplomatic exchanges with neighbouring countries through a tributary system, using Classical Chinese as a lingua franca . Since Chinese tributary diplomatic language use has received little attention in pragmatics, we hope to fill a knowledge gap. We examine a corpus of petitions by Ryūkyūan …
Unsolicited advice in mediatised Chinese New Year celebrations
This study investigates advice-giving during Chinese New Year family celebrations when older relatives tend to provide unsolicited advice for younger family members. First, we consider New Year advice featured in social media recordings through the lens of interaction ritual, using a corpus of TikTok videos. Second, we investigate how older and younger evaluators assess behaviours in such mediatised events. We found that the behaviour of older fa…
Ostensible ritual aggression in Chinese Xiangqi games
In this study, we examine ostensible aggression in xiangqi , a Chinese chess game played in public spaces. Xiangqi matches are conflictive: onlookers circle the chessboard and often halt the game, arguing with the players. The players tend to argue back and also address each other in a loud voice. Such arguments, however, rarely trigger negative consequences, and it is therefore reasonable to hypothesise that aggression in xiangqi games is ostens…
Pragmatics
Pragmatics is a field of linguistics concerning linguistic forms and the meaning they produce in a social context. Second language (L2) pragmatics is a field of applied linguistics which investigates how L2 speakers use linguistic and nonlinguistic means to produce and understand meanings, how their use develops over time, and what factors affect this development. This entry provides an overview of these two interrelated fields and also underscor…
On the Problematic Use of ‘don’t worry’ by Chinese Learners of English
In this paper, we examine uses of ‘don’t worry’ by Chinese speakers of English, which may trigger intercultural irritations. We investigate such problematic uses from a contrastive angle, by considering whether they relate to the fact that in Chinese there are two expressions which may be equivalents of English ‘don’t worry’: fangxin 放心 (lit. ‘ease your heart’) and bie-danxin 别担心 (lit. ‘don’t burden your heart’). First, we present uses of ‘don’t …
Refusing gifts in Chinese
In this study, we examine patterns of gift-refusing in Chinese. Exchanging gifts is a fundamental part of Chinese social interaction which follows ostensible ritual conventions: a gift is often expected to be refused before it can be accepted. We focus on conventionalised expressions through which speech acts realising genuine gift-refusing are indicated. Such expressions have an important interactional function because Chinese ritual gift-exchan…
Analysing sympathy from a contrastive pragmatic angle
In this study, we provide a replicable language-anchored framework for capturing expressions of sympathy in interaction, by contrasting Chinese and English sympathising behaviour. Our framework combines interaction ritual and speech acts, and it captures sympathising without associating it with one particular speech act from the outset. Methodologically, we follow a tripartite design: First we identify puzzlements which ritual sympathising can tr…
Beyond the deferential view of the Chinese V pronoun nin 您
In this paper, we revisit the long-held assumption that the Chinese second-person V pronoun nin 您 is an essentially ‘deferential’ pronoun. We examine uses of nin in settings where disagreement occurs and where conventionally the T pronoun ni would be preferred. Our research follows a bipartite design. First, we used a Discourse Completion Test to discover under what circumstances Chinese speakers use nin if disagreement emerges. The results revea…
Flattery in historical China
In this study we examine how flattery was realised in historical Chinese interactions. We bring together ritual, speech acts and interaction, studying a corpus of interactions drawn from the late imperial satirical novel Guanchang Xianxing Ji 官场现形记 (‘Officialdom Unmasked’). Many claims have been made about the prevalence of flattery in Chinese social interaction, in particular in historical China. Since little language-anchored research has been …
Ostensible invitations in Chinese – A pragmatic perspective
In this study, we examine ostensible invitations in Chinese, i.e. cases where an interactant invites the addressee to an event when both participants are aware of the fact that the invitation is not a real one. In order to identify pragmatic similarities and differences between ostensible and genuine invitations, we compare two corpora of naturally-occurring online exchanges on WeChat, including 70 ostensible and 70 genuine invitations. Our analy…
Offering food and alcohol in Chinese and English
In this paper, we compare conventions of offering food and alcohol in Chinese and English. We define offering as an interaction ritual because in many linguacultures, food and drink are offered by following certain conventions, the observing of which is a ritually sacred duty for the host. Foreign residents in China are often irritated by Chinese conventions of offering food and drink. We try to explain such irritations by investigating how Chine…
Complaining in historical Chinese criminal trials
This study examines late-imperial Chinese criminal trials, starting from the observation that, in historical Chinese criminal trials, the speech act Complain is not only surprisingly frequent but is also often realised by the magistrate conducting the trial. We examine Complains in a corpus drawn from late imperial Chinese gong’an 公案 (literally, ‘criminal case’) novels. Whilst fictive in nature, such novels feature courtroom interactions in a tur…
Offering gifts in Chinese
Speech acts and interaction in second language pragmatics
In this position paper, we argue that second language (L2) pragmatic research needs to explore new avenues for integrating speech acts and interaction, by proposing a radically minimal, finite and interactional typology of speech acts. While we will introduce what we mean by integrating speech acts and interaction in detail below, the following argument helps us to summarise the issue we consider in this study: When we describe language behaviour…
Capturing power in diplomatic language use
In this study we capture power dynamics in diplomacy from a pragmatic angle, by examining a closed-door diplomatic mediatory negotiation and its aftermath. We first analyse the transcript of a mediation session between representatives of Slovenia and Croatia and a European Economic Community (EEC) delegation during the breakup of Yugoslavia. While the EEC representatives officially acted as mediators, they had earlier secretly agreed with the Yug…
Routine and Ritual Small Talk in Chinese rural shops
An interactional approach to speech acts for applied linguistics
In this paper, we present an approach for applied linguists to undertake research on speech acts in an interactionally anchored way. We first critically revisit studies on speech acts, with a special focus on L2 pragmatics, arguing that there is a clear need to further interconnect speech acts and interaction by relying on a finite, replicable and interactional typology of speech acts. We then suggest a methodological procedure through which such…
Ritual and Language
While ritual is often associated with phenomena such as ceremonies, cursing and etiquette, it actually encompasses something much more important: it includes all instances of communally oriented language use. As such, ritual manifests itself in many forms in our daily lives, such as politeness, swearing and humour, and in many different life situations, spanning trash talk in sports events, through market bargaining, to conventional social pleasa…
Sympathising with patients in historical China
In this study, we examine how family members expressed sympathy when visiting patients in mid-eighteenth-century China, by studying a corpus of patient visits drawn from the renowned Chinese novel Hongloumeng 红楼梦 (Dream of the Red Chamber). The study of such visits is methodologically challenging because these visits were less scripted than many other ritual interactions, operating with many seemingly ad hoc elements. We approach patient visits i…
Bargaining in Chinese livestream sales events
In this study, we examine practices of bargaining in Chinese livestream sales events. In such livestreams, the host, usually an Internet celebrity, invites a company representative to advertise a product for the customers who are usually fans of the host. Following the promotion, the host is expected to bargain with the seller to reduce the price of the item for the customers. We approach livestream bargaining as a ritual practice in which ostens…
Interpersonal pragmatics
Historical vs. contemporary Chinese linguistic politeness
Aggressive complaining on Social Media
This paper examines the ways in which the speech act of complaint is realised in social media contexts. To date, little attention has been devoted to the realisation of this speech act in online settings, despite the fact that such settings provide different affordances for complaining than many of their spoken and written counterparts. In the current study, we aim to make a step towards filling this knowledge gap by demonstrating that in online …
T/V pronouns in global communication practices
In this paper we investigate how the second person pronominal T-form is translated in IKEA catalogues in a number of different languages. IKEA is renowned for using the T-form as a form of branding: it promotes this form even in those countries where it might not be perceived favourably. However, our examination of a sample of IKEA catalogues shows that there are frequent deviations from IKEA's T-policy. By examining translations of the T-form in…
Altered speech act indication
This paper provides an analytical framework for studying the relationship between conventionalised expressions and speech acts. In certain languages, such as Chinese, the relationship between expressions and speech acts tends to be straightforward. In other languages, such as English, this relationship is more casual. Notwithstanding this linguacultural difference, expressions associated with particular speech acts in these two languages can fulf…
Interaction Ritual and (Im)Politeness
This paper provides insight into interaction ritual theory, by devoting special attention to the interface between interaction ritual and (im)politeness. We focus on several key pragmatic features of interaction ritual, illustrating their operation. We also describe different research approaches for systematically studying interaction rituals. Finally, we present a case-study of Chinese university military trainings to illustrate the operation of…
Interaction, speech acts and ritual
Historical Chinese politeness and rhetoric. A case study of epistolary refusals
Self-Denigration in 21 st Century Chinese
The present paper aims to explore the characteristics of the self-denigration phenomenon in present-day Chinese, hence revisiting a key Chinese linguacultural phenomenon from a contemporary angle. We investigate the following understudied phenomenon: Self-denigration has changed together with Chinese interpersonal language use and interactional technologies, and is currently being used in remarkably innovative ways, in particular in the domain of…
Alignment, ‘politeness’ and implicitness in Chinese political discourse
This paper aims to examine the ways in which official Chinese written monologues implicitly trigger alignment with the public in the wake of national social crises. Our understanding of alignment encompasses the attitude of creating an authoritative line of discourse, which in turn triggers the responsive alignment of the receivers with the decision makers. We believe that alignment is a fundamental concept to understand how linguistic politeness…
Ritual in intercultural contact
Chinese ‘face’ and im/politeness
Offence and morality
German and Japanese war crime apologies
In this paper we present a diachronic corpus-based contrastive pragmatic study of German and Japanese Second World War crime apologies. War apology is a very emotively loaded and sensitive phenomenon, in particular because the crimes perpetrated can never be undone. We approach war apologies by examining their pragmatic features and explore the diachronic development of these features. Our aim is to offer a different insight into the phenomenon o…
Identity Formation in Ritual Interaction
This paper explores the (co-)construction of identities in ritual interaction, by focusing on the choice of interactional styles. ‘Interactional style’ describes a cluster of similar indexical actions within the interaction “frame” (Goffman, 1974) of a ritual. Ritual is a recurrent interaction type, which puts constraints on the individual’s “freedom” to construct their (and others’) identities, in a somewhat similar way to institutional interact…
Aggression and perceived national face threats in Mainland Chinese and Taiwanese CMC discussion boards
This study examines manifestations of verbal aggression in an intergroup context between Mainland Chinese and Taiwanese on computer-mediated communication (CMC) discussion boards. We examine the role of perceptions of national identity and face in occasioning instances of aggression in Sino-Taiwanese online interactions. It will be argued that there is a fundamental difference between Mainland Chinese and Taiwanese ways of displaying aggression w…
Speech acts and interaction in second language pragmatics
In this position paper, we argue that second language (L2) pragmatic research needs to explore new avenues for integrating speech acts and interaction, by proposing a radically minimal, finite and interactional typology of speech acts. While we will introduce what we mean by integrating speech acts and interaction in detail below, the following argument helps us to summarise the issue we consider in this study: When we describe language behaviour…
Self-denigration in Chinese
In this study, we investigate self-denigration in Chinese by applying a strictly language-based interactional speech act approach. Previous research has often zeroed in on Chinese self-denigration by studying the pragmatic function of expressions selected beforehand by the researcher. As an alternative, we propose a bottom-up approach through which self-denigration can be captured in phases of interaction and expressions speech acts and expressio…
A new critique of the binary first- and second-order distinction in politeness research
In this paper, we revisit the renowned binary distinction between the first- and second-order perspectives on politeness through an approach that combines speech acts with interaction. We challenge the long-held assumption that speech acts are 'artificial', providing a mere 'second-order' perspective on politeness. As an alternative, we propose an approach through which one can study speech act realisation and pragmatic phenomena such as politene…
Ritual frames and mimesis
In this paper, we examine the phenomenon of mimesis, i.e. the way in which people copy each other's behaviour. We focus on an understudied type of mimesis, which we define as 'performative mimesis'. This type of mimesis tends to occur in complex participatory settings where the interactants follow a perceived 'scripted' form of pre-existing behaviour. Our data consists of transcripts of Chinese university 'military trainings', i.e. training cours…
Politeness Markers’ Revisited - A Contrastive Pragmatic Perspective
This paper revisits the concept of ‘politeness marker’, by proposing the bottom-up and corpus-based model of ‘ritual frame indicating expressions’ (RFIEs). Our central argument is that, in certain linguacultures, the relationship between ‘politeness markers’ and politeness itself is significantly stronger than in others. Therefore, any theory which argues that there is a definite relationship between form and politeness - or totally rejects this …
In-group ritual and relational work
Face’ across historical cultures
This paper investigates the use of the word ‘face’ in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Turkish and Chinese so as to trace the meaning of the concept in the two languages and cultures. The study describes the occurrence of the lexeme in five semantic/pragmatic domains in novels dating from the turn of the twentieth century, a period that corresponds to an acceleration in modernisation movements. Two conclusions are drawn from the compa…
Capturing injunctive norm in pragmatics
Public ritual apology – A case study of Chinese
Gender shifts in the history of English. Anne Curzan. Cambridge
Herbert Schendl (2001:9) defines 'the study of ongoing changes in a language' as one of the fundamental goals of historical linguistics. Curzan's book, which examines the historical development of the English gender system, is a work noteworthy not only for historical linguists, but also for experts of gender and language precisely because it attains the aforementioned objective. The book not only gives a well-argued description of the developmen…
On historical Chinese apology and its strategic application
The present paper aims (a) to reconstruct the formal peculiarities of historical Chinese apology (HCA), and (b) to apply the data gained to reexamine the concept of “discernment”. In the first part of the study I look into the interactional application of ritualised formulae of apology (apology-RF), with the aid of historical pragmatics. The examination not only reveals the characteristics of apology-RF, but also shows the fact that they and elev…
Historical Chinese Letter Writing
Letter writing is a pivotal yet neglected medium of historical Chinese communication. The epistolary format is key to sinological research. As historical letters have a specific vocabulary and rhetorical structure it is difficult to read them without the supporting apparatus of specialised study. \n \nThe aim of this compendium is to fill the gap in Chinese studies by providing a bilingual Chinese-English edition of a corpus of Chinese letters, p…
The historical understanding of historical (im)politeness
Preview this article: The historical understanding of historical (im)politeness: Introductory notes, Page 1 of 1 /docserver/preview/fulltext/jhp.12.1-2.01bax-1.gif
Face’ across historical cultures
This paper investigates the use of the word ‘face’ in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Turkish and Chinese so as to trace the meaning of the concept in the two languages and cultures. The study describes the occurrence of the lexeme in five semantic/pragmatic domains in novels dating from the turn of the twentieth century, a period that corresponds to an acceleration in modernisation movements. Two conclusions are drawn from the compa…
Historical vs. contemporary Chinese linguistic politeness
Historical Chinese politeness and rhetoric. A case study of epistolary refusals
Chinese ‘face’ and im/politeness
Understanding Politeness
Politeness is key to all of our relationships and plays a fundamental part in the way we communicate with each other and the way we define ourselves. It is not limited only to conventional aspects of linguistic etiquette, but encompasses all types of interpersonal behaviour through which we explore and maintain our relationships. This groundbreaking exploration navigates the reader through this fascinating area and introduces them to a variety of…
Relational Rituals and Communication
This book provides a ground-breaking, interaction-based framework of rituals, drawing on multiple research disciplines. It examines ritual as a relational action constructed in interaction through pre
Rethinking Discernment
This article engages with the notions of discernment and volition, developed by Ide (1989), in order to consider how the concept which these phenomena describe could be reintroduced into second-wave critical analysis of politeness and impoliteness. It is our contention that these terms have been used in a way which polarizes cultures, so that various East Asian cultures are characterized as ‘discernment cultures’ whilst Western cultures are seen …
Aggression and perceived national face threats in Mainland Chinese and Taiwanese CMC discussion boards
Aggression and perceived national face threats in Mainland Chinese and Taiwanese CMC discussion boards
This study examines manifestations of verbal aggression in an intergroup context between Mainland Chinese and Taiwanese on computer-mediated communication (CMC) discussion boards. We examine the role of perceptions of national identity and face in occasioning instances of aggression in Sino-Taiwanese online interactions. It will be argued that there is a fundamental difference between Mainland Chinese and Taiwanese ways of displaying aggression w…
In-group ritual and relational work
Interpersonal pragmatics
Historical Pragmatics
Historical pragmatics is an area engaged in the study of language use in historically situated settings; hence it brings a historical perspective into pragmatics and a pragmatic perspective into research on historical language.
Heckling — A mimetic-interpersonal perspective
The present paper aims to model the interactional operation of heckling, which has received little attention in impoliteness and interaction studies, despite the fact that studying this phenomenon has various advantages for the analyst. In order to fill this knowledge gap, I approach heckling by combining Turner’s (1982) anthropological framework with my interaction-based relational ritual theory (e.g. Kádár 2012, 2013; Kádár and Bax 2013). Follo…
The Bases of (Im)politeness Evaluations
Evaluation is an important aspect of (im)politeness, and this article explores it from an interdisciplinary perspective. It starts by considering the East–West debate in politeness theory and argues that both emic and etic approaches to research can contribute usefully to the deliberations. It then maintains that, if we are to understand the impact of culture on people’s (im)politeness evaluations, we need to unpack the concept more thoroughly. I…
Identity Formation in Ritual Interaction
This paper explores the (co-)construction of identities in ritual interaction, by focusing on the choice of interactional styles. ‘Interactional style’ describes a cluster of similar indexical actions within the interaction “frame” (Goffman, 1974) of a ritual. Ritual is a recurrent interaction type, which puts constraints on the individual’s “freedom” to construct their (and others’) identities, in a somewhat similar way to institutional interact…
Ritual in intercultural contact
The bases of (im)politeness evaluations
Evaluation is an important aspect of (im)politeness, and this article explores it from an interdisciplinary perspective. It starts by considering the East–West debate in politeness theory and argues that both emic and etic approaches to research can contribute usefully to the deliberations. It then maintains that, if we are to understand the impact of culture on people’s (im)politeness evaluations, we need to unpack the concept more thoroughly. I…
Ritual, aggression, and participatory ambiguity
This paper analyses the phenomenon of participatory ambiguity in aggressive ritualistic interactions. One can ‘participate’ (Goffman 1979, 1981) in an interaction in different statuses, and these statuses entail different interactional constraints and obligations, also within the realms of language aggression and conflict. We are interested in a specific aspect of participation, namely ratification — the assumed right to participate in an interac…
Rituals of outspokenness and verbal conflict
This study examines rituals of outspokenness, by analysing cases drawn from the US hidden camera show, Primetime: What Would You Do? Studying ritualistic behaviour in cases when bystanders become side participants as they stand up for victims of abuse fills a knowledge gap in pragmatics. A further merit of studying this phenomenon is that it provides insight into the reactive aspect of ritual behaviour, which is usually described in the field as …
Postscript
PostScript for the Journal of Politeness Research - Language, Behavior, Culture
Politeness, Impoliteness and Ritual
Ritual is popularly associated with ceremonies, though in real life it plays a significantly more important role, reinforcing what people perceive as the appropriate moral order of things, or challenging what they perceive as the inappropriate flow of events. This book introduces the reader to how people use ritual in interpersonal interaction and the interface that exists between ritual and politeness and impoliteness. As rituals have a large im…
Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies (85 obras) · Linguistics (81 obras) · Philosophy (71 obras) · Psychology (70 obras) · Sociology (69 obras) · Philosophy (45 obras) · Computer Science (39 obras) · Political science (39 obras) · Social Psychology (39 obras) · Language, Metaphor, and Cognition (35 obras)