L David Ritchie
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 99310 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | L David Ritchie |
| NOMBRES | L David |
| APELLIDO | Ritchie |
| FIRMA | RITCHIE L D |
| AFILIACIONES | Portland State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8038-1821 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 61 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 101 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 61 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1989 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Alternative Breakfast Service Models Are Associated With Greater Student School Breakfast Participation
BACKGROUND: Eating school breakfast has benefits for students, yet participation remains lower than that of school lunch. This study examined associations between school breakfast service models, self-reported participation, and perceived participation barriers, and whether these associations differed by school level (middle vs. high) and universal school meals policy (with vs. without). METHODS: One thousand ninety-seven middle and high school s…
Universal School Meal Policies and Perceived Stigma
BACKGROUND: Universal school meals (USMs) policies, which provide free meals to all students regardless of income, have the potential to improve child nutrition and reduce stigma. Quantitative evidence on the association between USM and stigma is limited. METHODS: Leveraging a natural policy variation in state-level USM implementation, we surveyed 1066 middle and high school students from eight US states (four with USM, four without) during the 2…
Foodservice Directors' Perceived Barriers to Student Participation in School Meals When Meals Were Served Free of Charge During the 2021–2022 School Year
BACKGROUND: School meals were served free of charge to all public school students in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic, but some students still did not participate. METHODS: In this mixed-methods study, surveys and interviews were conducted with food service directors (FSDs) from California (n = 556 surveys; n = 29 interviews) and Maine (n = 43 surveys; n = 20 interviews) during spring 2022. Survey data was analyzed using multivariab…
Understanding Free or Reduced‐Price School Meal Stigma
BACKGROUND: Receiving free or reduced-price meals (FRPM) at school benefits resource-constrained families financially and nutritionally. However, many families in the United States do not apply for FRPM, and many eligible students do not eat school meals, possibly due to stigma. METHODS: This study is a secondary qualitative analysis derived from a mixed-methods study. Interviews were conducted with 66 parents in California and Maine during the 2…
Factors and Outcomes Associated With Using Scratch‐Cooked, Organic, and Locally Grown Foods in School Meals in California
BACKGROUND: Incorporating scratch-cooked, organic, and locally grown foods into school meal programs can enhance meal quality and support local food systems. METHODS: 430 California school food authorities were surveyed to (1) evaluate their use of scratch-cooked, organic, and locally grown foods in their programs; (2) identify demographic and operational characteristics related to this use; and (3) analyze the relationship between serving more o…
Impact of mealtime social experiences on student consumption of meals at school
Objective: To understand caregivers’ perceptions about their children’s mealtime social experiences at school and how they believe these social experiences impact their children’s consumption of meals at school (both meals brought from home and school meals). Design: Qualitative data were originally collected as part of a larger mixed methods study using an embedded-QUAN dominant research design. Setting: Semi-structured interviews were conducted…
Provider, sponsor and family perceptions of Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) participation and Covid-19 reimbursement increases
Objective: Declining participation by family childcare home (FCCH) providers in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) may stem from inadequate tiered reimbursements for nutritious foods. During the COVID-19 pandemic, federal waivers temporarily eliminated tiers and increased reimbursements. We evaluated provider, sponsor and family perceptions of CACFP benefits and challenges in general and regarding the temporary removal of tiers and inc…
The impact of a water promotion and access intervention on elementary school students in the presence of food insecurity
Objective: School-based interventions encouraging children to replace sugar-sweetened beverages with water show promise for reducing child overweight. However, students with child food insecurity (CFI) may not respond to nutrition interventions like children who are food-secure. Design: The Water First cluster-randomised trial found that school water access and promotion prevented child overweight and increased water intake. This secondary analys…
Looking to the past
Bold Action Needed for Equitable Access to Nutrition Assistance by All
California WIC Participants Report Favorable Impacts of the Covid-Related Increase to the WIC Cash Value Benefit
The United States Department of Agriculture approved an increase to the Cash Value Benefit (CVB) for the purchase of fruits and vegetables issued to participants receiving an eligible Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) food package. In order to understand satisfaction, perceptions, and the overall impact of additional benefits for fruits and vegetables at the household level, a qualitative study consisti…
Impact of a Teacher Intervention to Encourage Students to Eat School Lunch
While school meals are often the healthiest option for students, lunch participation remains relatively low. Few approaches for increasing participation have leveraged teachers' potential social influence. We determined if a teacher intervention about the benefits of school lunch could improve teachers' perceptions of, and participation in, school lunch, and encouragement of students to eat school lunch. This repeated cross-sectional study includ…
Restaurant kids’ meal beverage offerings before and after implementation of healthy default beverage policy statewide in California compared with citywide in Wilmington, Delaware
Objective: In 2019, California and Wilmington, Delaware‘ implemented policies requiring healthier default beverages with restaurant kids’ meals. The current study assessed restaurant beverage offerings and manager perceptions. Design: Pre-post menu observations were conducted in California and Wilmington. Observations of cashiers/servers during orders were conducted pre-post implementation in California and post-implementation in Wilmington. Chan…
The “thinking meme” meme
After a brief flurry of attention following its introduction by Dawkins (1976) , the concept of memes has largely disappeared from mainstream social and cognitive science discourse. A significant exception is Dennett’s ( 1995 ; 2017) writings on the philosophy of mind. In his most recent book, Dennett (2017) develops what he presents as a comprehensive account of cultural evolution, based on the claims that memes, defined as a “ way of behaving (…
Shifts in Sources of Food but Stable Nutritional Outcomes among Children in the Early Months of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), State governments, and school districts took unprecedented steps to mitigate the pandemic's impact on students' nutrition. To examine the effect of emergency responses on 6-year-old children's nutritional outcomes, this study analyzed longitudinal data from a national study of children's feeding practices, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and …
Development of an online curriculum for California early care and education providers on healthy beverages
Online training in English and Spanish designed for child care providers is a feasible medium to deliver important health messages to child care providers in an accessible, acceptable, and satisfactory manner
Household food insecurity and children’s physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the United States
Objective: To examine associations between household food insecurity and children’s physical activity and sedentary behaviours. Design: Secondary analysis was conducted on the Healthy Communities Study, an observational study from 2013 to 2015. Household food insecurity was assessed by two items from the US Department of Agriculture’s 18-item US Household Food Security Survey Module. Physical activity was measured using the 7-d Physical Activity …
Community Eligibility Provision and School Meal Participation among Student Subgroups
BACKGROUND: The National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs help to reduce food insecurity and improve nutrition. The Community Eligibility Provision (CEP) enables high-poverty schools to offer breakfast and lunch at no cost to all students. This study examines associations between CEP and participation among students eligible for free or reduced-price meals ("FRPM"), possibly eligible ("near-cutoff"), or ineligible ("full-price"). METHODS: Usin…
Development and Validation of a Photo‐Evidence Tool to Examine Characteristics of Effective Drinking Water Access in Schools
BACKGROUND: Federal law requires water access in schools where meals are served. Schools report high rates of water accessibility in cafeterias, but observations indicate lower adherence. Although observation is costly, it permits a more detailed assessment of a water source to determine whether it provides effective access that encourages water consumption and thus, healthy hydration for students. METHODS: To offer a less costly alternative to o…
To “ Face the Powder ” or “ Powder the Face ”? Contemporary Metaphor Theory and the Art of Chinese to English Translation
In this article, we examine how cognitive metaphor theories might contribute to the theory and practice of poetry translation. We focus on translations from Chinese to English by Xu Yuanchong, both because he is regarded as one of China’s premier translators and because he has published a detailed theoretical framework and justification for his translations. We argue that Xu’s theory and practice of translation is based on a traditional approach …
The Impact of a Multi-Pronged Intervention on Students’ Perceptions of School Lunch Quality and Convenience and Self-Reported Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
School lunch programs provide an opportunity to improve students' diets. We sought to determine the impact of a multifaceted intervention (cafeteria redesigns, increased points-of-sale and teacher education) on secondary students' perceptions of school-lunch quality and convenience and fruit and vegetable intake. Surveys ( n = 12,827) from middle and high school students in 12 intervention and 11 control schools were analyzed. We investigated cha…
The Role of the Neighborhood Social Environment in Physical Activity among Hispanic Children
Little is known about how the neighborhood social environment (e.g., safety, crime, traffic) impacts child physical activity. We examine the mechanism by which the neighborhood social environment is associated with child physical activity, moderated by individual-level cultural factors (e.g., language at home, immigrant generation) and mediated by neighborhood physical activity-related social norms (e.g., seeing walkers in the neighborhood). Data…
Voluntary Kids’ Meal Beverage Standards
Many quick-service restaurants (QSRs) instituted voluntary kids' meal default beverage standards (standards) between 2013 to 2017. Little is known about impacts of standards on QSR drive-through practices and on customer choices. This study assessed differences in restaurant practices including kids' meal beverages shown on menu boards, offered by cashiers, and selected by customers in QSRs with and without voluntary standards. Observations ( n =…
Nutrition Provided to Infants in Licensed Childcare Centers and Homes
School meals matter
School meals matter: federal policy can improve children
Communication Schemata Within the Family
Analyses from a random sample of 169 families established a dear relationship between schemata for marital and parent‐child communication. Hypotheses were derived by theoretically relating the Relational Dimensions Inventory and the Revised Family Communication Patterns instrument. In families headed by Traditional, Separate, and Separate/Traditional couples, all three family members saw the family interaction as high on conformity orientation. I…
No food for thought
This study examined the relationships between food insecurity, mental health, and academic performance among college students in a California public university system ( N = 8705). Structural equation modeling was performed to examine a direct path from food insecurity to student grade point average and an indirect path through mental health, controlling for demographic characteristics. Food insecurity was related to lower student grade point aver…
The Concept of Shinyuu in Japan
Using data collected from a total of 513 Japanese college students, this study explored relational satisfaction with shinyuu(best/close friends) in Japan and provided a crosscultural comparison to the series of studies conducted by Cole and Bradac (1996). Study 1 identified 39 words and phrases related to satisfaction with shinyuu.In Study 2, participants sorted these 39 words and phrases into groups. A multidimensional scaling analysis was used …
Bold Action Needed for Equitable Access to Nutrition Assistance by All
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain and Subsequent Maternal Obesity at Age 40
Objectives. To model the hypothetical impact of preventing excessive gestational weight gain on midlife obesity and compare the estimated reduction with the US Healthy People 2020 goal of a 10% reduction of obesity prevalence in adults. Methods. We analyzed 3917 women with 1 to 3 pregnancies in the prospective US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, from 1979 to 2012. We compared the estimated obesity prevalence between 2 scenarios: gestational…
You're lying to Jesus!”
This study applies recent theories about humor to a sample of talk among a group of young adults about the issues and problems associated with homelessness. In this conversation, participants demonstrate a pattern of joking and language play that expresses a complex and ambivalent set of attitudes and feelings toward homelessness and toward the homeless as both outcasts and refugees from conventional society. Humor is used both to express complex…
Communication as a Symbolic Activity
L. David Ritchie, Leslie T. Good; Communication as a Symbolic Activity, Journal of Communication, Volume 39, Issue 4, 1 December 1989, Pages 121–126, https
Family Communication Patterns
Mass communication researchers interested in family communication have traditionally assumed that family norms are shared by all family members, and apparent disagreement about family norms has been ascribed to instrument unreliability. A survey of 308 adolescent children and their parents, using a revised Family Communication Pattern (RFCP) instrument, yields evidence of systematic patterns of agreement and disagreement between mothers and fathe…
Family Communication Patterns
This article addresses a recurring inconsistency in the epistemic interpretation of the Family Communication Patterns scales, widely used by mass communication researchers interested in the family. The traditional linkage to coorientation is reviewed, and a more direct interpretation is proposed, beginning with a face-valid reading of items commonly used in the scales. Results from a survey of 161 adolescents and their parents confirm that subjec…
Of Matters Micro and Macro
Micro-macro issues are of continuing concern to many of the social sciences (see, e.g., Alexander, Giesen, Munch, & Smelser, 1987), and they are of particular importance to communication research. Communication has been described as a “cross-level” discipline, a field of scholarship concerned with processes operating simultaneously at many levels—cultural, social, psychological, and neurological (Paisley, 1984). Not surprisingly, there have been …
Another Turn of the Information Revolution
Review Essay
Growth of children and socioeconomic status of Mexican‐American farmworker families in Tulare County, California
Comparison of the size of Mexican‐American children from two samples of farmworker families living in Tulare County, one drawn in 1969 (24 families with 52 children 0–7 years old), the other in 1989 (95 families with 226 children 0–9 years old) reveals a parallel improvement in total family income and physical growth. However, children in families with incomes below 70% of the poverty line in 1989 showed generally lower Z‐scores in weight for age…
Objectivity, Doubt, and the Two Cultures
Objectivity, Doubt, and the Two Cultures Get access L. David Ritchie L. David Ritchie 1Portland State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 44, Issue 1, March 1994, Pages 65–72, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1994.tb00663.x Published: 07 February 2006
Communication Schemata Within the Family
Analyses from a random sample of 169 families established a dear relationship between schemata for marital and parent‐child communication. Hypotheses were derived by theoretically relating the Relational Dimensions Inventory and the Revised Family Communication Patterns instrument. In families headed by Traditional, Separate, and Separate/Traditional couples, all three family members saw the family interaction as high on conformity orientation. I…
"Argument Is War" -or Is It a Game of Chess? Multiple Meanings in the Analysis of Implicit Metaphors
Both Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and Vervaeke and Kennedy (1996), in their critique of Lakoff and Johnson, drew narrowly from a broad range of reasonable interpretations of the metaphors they analyzed. Expanding the interpretations vitiates many of Vervaeke and Kennedy's criticisms, but it supports their call for an open interpretation of groups of metaphors and points toward a more complex elaboration of the theories put forth by Lakoff and Johnso…
The Concept of Shinyuu in Japan
Using data collected from a total of 513 Japanese college students, this study explored relational satisfaction with shinyuu(best/close friends) in Japan and provided a crosscultural comparison to the series of studies conducted by Cole and Bradac (1996). Study 1 identified 39 words and phrases related to satisfaction with shinyuu.In Study 2, participants sorted these 39 words and phrases into groups. A multidimensional scaling analysis was used …
Lost in "Conceptual Space"
Conceptual integration theory (Fauconnier & Turner, 1998, 2002) is re-examined in the light of recent criticisms (e.g., Gibbs, 2000, 2001). It is argued that the assumption of four independent "cognitive spaces" enters the model primarily as an entailment of the "space," "blending," and "construction" metaphors, leads to unnecessary ambiguity, and works against statement of the theory in a form that supports derivation of testable hypotheses. Sev…
Frame-Shifting in Humor and Irony
Coulson's (2001) analysis of humor as "frame-shifting" is extended to irony and compared to other current theories of humor and irony, including Giora's (2003) graded salience model. It is argued that the effects of humor and irony often depend on a subversive relationship between the initial and alternative frames, which adds to both cognitive and social meaning; understanding these effects requires consideration of the expansion of common groun…
Gateshead Revisited
In an extension and partial reformulation of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980 Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M. 1980. Metaphors we live by, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), Ritchie (2003 Ritchie, L. D. 2003. “ARGUMENT IS WAR”—Or is it a game of chess? Multiple meanings in the analysis of implicit metaphors. Metaphor and Symbol, 18: 125–146. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Sch…
Communication Theory and the Family
Hair of the Frog and other Empty Metaphors
In this essay we discuss a class of apparently metaphorical idioms, exemplified by “fine as frog's hair,” that do not afford any obvious interpretation, and appear to have originated, at least in part, in language play. We review recent trends in both play theory and metaphor theory, and show that a playful approach to language is often an important element in the use and understanding of metaphors (and idioms generally), even when metaphors can …
X Is a Journey
This essay compares simulation-based accounts of metaphor processing recently proposed by Gibbs (2006a) Gibbs, R.W. Jr. 2006a. Metaphor interpretation as embodied simulation. Mind and Language, 21: 434–458. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] and Ritchie (2006) Ritchie, L.D. 2006. Context and Connection in Metaphor, Basingstoke, , UK: Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], using examples of metaphors based on the met…
“ The ivory tower ” on an “ unstable foundation ”
In this essay we argue that metaphor and language play generally should be analyzed in the context of actual conversations, not as a peripheral or incidental part of the discourse, but as an integral part of both topic-centered and relational work. We examine several instances of playful metaphor, humor, and irony that occurred during a one-hour focus-group discussion among a group of scientists discussing their role in communicating about scienc…
Relevance and Simulation in Metaphor
Recent writings have done much to develop and extend relevance theory as an account of metaphors and other “loose” language use. However, it is argued in this essay that relevance theory still leaves important gaps in its explanation and does not adequately address the “circularity” issue that has been raised. It is proposed that perceptual simulation theory usefully extends relevance theory by providing a detailed cognitive mechanism for the “br…
“Everybody goes down”
Recent work has shown that many problematic aspects of metaphor use and comprehension can be resolved through an account that includes both relevance and perceptual simulation. It has also been shown that metaphors often imply stories, and that stories are often metaphorical. Previous research on narratives has focused primarily on stories that appear either in formal literature or in structured interviews; this essay focuses on stories that occu…
Why the block is the block
This study combines Discourse Dynamics (Cameron, 2007) with Perceptual Simulation Theory (Barsalou, 2007; Gibbs, 2006), to analyze a sample of talk among residents of an urban neighborhood about topics related to community safety and the quality of life in their community. The results demonstrate the role of casual conversation in structuring complex social relationships, and the usefulness of close attention to metaphors, story-telling, and humo…
Justice is blind
In this article I present a model of how metaphors are transformed and re-presented as narratives, how this process helps shape communicative interactions, and how it contributes to relevance effects and the generation of meaning, often by simultaneously affecting multiple cognitive contexts. I demonstrate the application of the model to samples of discourse from current research and show how it can contribute to understanding troubled communicat…
To what extent have sweetened beverages contributed to the obesity epidemic
Objective A systematic literature review was conducted to determine whether sweetened beverage intake increases the risk for obesity, and the extent to which it has contributed to recent increases in energy intake and adiposity in the USA. Design The search included studies published between 1970 and 2010 that examined secular trends, mechanisms, observational associations and intervention outcomes. Observational and intervention studies were abs…
You're lying to Jesus!”
This study applies recent theories about humor to a sample of talk among a group of young adults about the issues and problems associated with homelessness. In this conversation, participants demonstrate a pattern of joking and language play that expresses a complex and ambivalent set of attitudes and feelings toward homelessness and toward the homeless as both outcasts and refugees from conventional society. Humor is used both to express complex…
Food Insecurity Is Inversely Associated with Diet Quality of Lower-Income Adults
“ Now everyone knows I’m a serial killer ”
Drawing on data from a series of informal conversations about public safety and police-community relations, we distinguish between a speaker’s generalized communicative intentions with respect to metaphor use and story-telling, based on what Chafe (1994, p. 145) calls “unifying ideas that persist in semiactive consciousness” and the spontaneous intentions that arise within the short-term focus or spotlight of consciousness and guide the productio…
Psychology (40 obras) · Linguistics (24 obras) · Medicine (24 obras) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (24 obras) · Sociology (24 obras) · Language, Metaphor, and Cognition (21 obras) · Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations (20 obras) · Metaphor (20 obras) · Environmental health (19 obras) · Philosophy (19 obras)