Alignments

Re-examination of St-Brieuc and Wilburton metalworking shows they cannot align, and this requires a general reordering of the Atlantic Late Bronze Age sequence. They have many differences, principally sword types. St-Brieuc always has U-butt Kerguérou (Limehouse in Britain) swords, whereas Wilburton always has Wilburton swords. Wilburton must follow St-Brieuc, so a new Limehouse stage is inserted between Penard and Wilburton, to align with St-Brieuc. The combination of U-butt sword and straight-mouthed chape of St-Brieuc and Limehouse is consistent throughout Atlantic Europe. So too are the characteristics of Wilburton metalworking which followed, and its Brécy equivalent in France. In Britain the contemporaneity of Wallington and Wilburton is reaffirmed. Both played a part in the emergence of Ewart Park 1 metal-working, with South Yorkshire/Lincolnshire a vital contact zone. The Atlantic Late Bronze Age unravelled after Wilburton. Iberia effectively dropped out after Huelva, diverted by Phoenician influences. Links between Britain and Atlantic France declined, and their sword and axe preferences diverged. The various weapon complexes of Ewart Park 1 in Britain have no equivalents in France. Ordering and sub-dividing this final phase of the LBA has always been imponderable but has been helped by the identification of St-Philbert (Huelva) swords, which show what are Ewart Park 1 hoards in Britain and contemporary Longueville hoards in France. They also make clear that the Carp's tongue complex must be relegated to the last part of the Late Bronze Age

Ancient history · Archaeology · Bronze · Bronze Age · Geography · SWORD · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies · Engineering · History · Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts

• Peelhill Farm

  Open Access•Tobias Mörtz, Michelle G Knight et al.•Proceedings of the Society of…•2021

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• Assemblage, Structure and Meaning in Bronze Metalwork Studies

  Open Access•Stuart Needham•Oxford Journal of Archaeology•2017

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• Origen y secuencia de las más antíguas fíbulas en la Península Ibérica

  Open Access•Juan Luis Gomá Rodríguez•Cuadernos de Prehistoria y…•2019

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• Both Sides Now

  Open Access•Dirk Brandherm, Magdalena Moskal-Del Hoyo•The Antiquaries Journal•2014

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• Rosnoën 60 ans après. Compléments et révision concernant le dépôt de l’Âge du bronze final de Penavern (Finistère)

  Renaud Nallier, Michel Le Goffic•Bulletin de la Société…•2008

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• II.—Bronze Age Metalwork from Lincolnshire

  Open Access•Peter Davey, P J DAVEY•Archaeologia•1973

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• Découverte d'un dépôt ou « cachette » de fondeur de l'âge du Bronze, à Saint-Denis-de-Pile (Gironde)

  Jean-André Garde•Bulletin de la Société…•1950

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• Le dépôt du Bronze Final I de Saint-Just-en-Chaussée (Oise)

  Julie Blanchet, J-C Blanchet et al.•Bulletin de la Société…•1977

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• Le manuel d'archéologie préhistorique, celtique et gallo-romain

  Joseph Dechelette•Bulletin de la Société d…•1911

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• British prehistory. A new outline

  Open Access•DRB DRB•Journal of Archaeological Science•1975

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• An Independent Chronology for British Bronze Age Metalwork

  Stuart Needham, Christopher B Ramsey et al.•Archaeological Journal•1997

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• The Later Bronze Age in the British Isles and North-Western France

  Colin Burgess, C B Burgess•Archaeological Journal•1968

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• The Late Bronze Age Hoard From Clos De La Blanche Pierre, St Lawrence, Jersey, Channel Isles

  Open Access•David Coombs, D G COOMBS•Oxford Journal of Archaeology•1988

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• Three Bronze Age Hoards recently added to the National Collection, with Notes on the Hoard from Duddingston Loch

  J Graham Callander•Proceedings of the Society of…•1922

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• The Later Bronze Age in Ireland in the light of recent research

  Open Access•George Eogan•Proceedings of the Prehistoric…•1964

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• The Earliest Bronze Swords in Britain and their Origins on the Continent of Europe

  Open Access•J D Cowen•Proceedings of the Prehistoric…•1951

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• An Assemblage of Late Bronze Age Metalworking Debris from Dainton, Devon

  Open Access•Stuart Needham, R J Silvester et al.•Proceedings of the Prehistoric…•1980

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• Additions to the Bronze Age Hoard from Broadoak, Sturry, Kent

  Open Access•R Grace, Roger V Grace•The Antiquaries Journal•1944

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• The Penard-Wilburton Succession

  Open Access•Stuart Needham•The Antiquaries Journal•1990

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• A Bronze Age hoard from Sturry, Kent

  Open Access•R F Jessup•The Antiquaries Journal•1943

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• On Some Buckets and Cauldrons of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages

  Open Access•C F C Hawkes, M A Smith et al.•The Antiquaries Journal•1957

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• Trois cachettes de bronze de l'Indre-et-Loire

  Open Access•Gérard Cordier, J-P Millotte et al.•Gallia préhistoire•1960

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• Some Somerset hoards and their place in the Bronze Age of Southern Britain

  Open Access•M A Smith, Mike Smith•Proceedings of the Prehistoric…•1959

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• European Bronze Age Shields

  Open Access•John M Coles, John Coles•Proceedings of the Prehistoric…•1962

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• The Isleham Hoard, Cambridgeshire

  Open Access•Dennis Britton•Antiquity•1960

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