On the Phonological Role of Stress, Quantity, and Stød in Livonian

Any phonological transcription besides reflecting all the relevant distinctions proper to a language must also grant the possibility of the most meaningful description of its productive morphological processes.Proceeding from this demand the problems connected with the phonological transcription of the complicated quantity system and sted are crucial for Livonian.Unfortunately, not quite enough is known about Livonian sted whose characteristic like that of the Latvian broken tone (lauzta intonacija) and of Danish sted is a period of laryngealization in the second half of the syllable nucleus.! The stress in Livonian cannot be left out of consideration as any formulation of the problems of quantity and sted depends on how one interprets the dynamic stress.The article is limited to the south-western subdialects of East Livonian as spoken in Sikrags (Sikrôg in the former Standard Livonian), Mazirbe (Ire), Kosrags (Kostrôg), Pitrags (Pitrôg), Saunags (Sänag), and Vaide (Vaid) of the Latvian S.S.R.The problems dealt with here, however, are exactly the same in other Livonian dialects and subdialects.1. Stress.Monosyllabic conjunctions (e. g. ja 'and', un 'and', ka 'also', ku 'when, if'), and short pronouns (с!. та 'Г', 5а 'thou', ta 'he, she, it', ne 'they, these' vs. 'mina 'l', 'sina 'thou', 'täma 'he, she, it'.'nämä 'they') have no stress.If a word begins in a stem or in an unstressed prefix (iz--is-, pa-, uz--us-) then the first syllable of the stem has the primary stress, cf.iz'umblä 'to embroider', uz'reiz 'at once'.1f a word begins in a stressed prefix then the prefix has the primary stress.The first syllable of a stem, nevertheless, is stressed even in words beginning in a stressed prefix or when it is a nonfirst component of a compound; this stress, however, is somewhat weaker than the primary stress, being transcribed here as ['], cf.'at'tüodd 'to bring back', nw'o"lä&d3'to go away", \svodä'vä'a '(army) troop' < 'svoda 'war'wd'c 'might'.Similarly, the nominal derivational suffix -nika is every

Linguistics · Stress (linguistics · European Linguistics and Anthropology · Philosophy · Psychology

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