Environmental Impact and Carbon Emissions of Sport Events

The Significance of Scope 3

Datos Bibliográficos

ID12929454
AutoresYongjoon Bae (Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, autor de correspondencia), Brian P Mccullough (0000-0002-9085-7926, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology)
Año2025
Volumen16
Número4
Fecha de publicación2025-07-01
Peer ReviewedSí
Open AccessSí
TipoARTICLE
RevistaWiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change (JOURNAL)
Identificadores de la revistaISSN: 1757-7780 • E-ISSN: 1757-7799
EditorialWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1002/wcc.70017
OpenAlexW4413457988
IdiomaEN
Citas recibidas2
Referencias citadas66

Sport events have significant economic and social benefits but impose considerable environmental costs, particularly through indirect (Scope 3) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which often exceed direct (Scope 1) and other indirect (Scope 2) impacts. Previous research has primarily focused on assessing the environmental impacts of sport events and identifying strategies for mitigating these effects. Defining and categorizing Scope 3 emissions is crucial for understanding their environmental impact on sport events. Effective assessment requires clear conceptualization, classification, and suitable methods for quantification. This study explores: (1) key sources of Scope 3 emissions; (2) how they are conceptualized and classified; and (3) data sources and methods used for their quantification. We conducted a systematic literature review, analyzing 50 studies published between 1993 and 2023. These studies focus on Scope 3 emissions associated with sport events and apply various methodological approaches to assess and quantify these emissions. The findings indicate that the primary sources of Scope 3 emissions are participant and spectator travel, facility energy consumption, accommodation, and food. Large‐scale events, like the Olympics and FIFA World Cup, further amplify these emissions. Recognizing these key sources underscores the importance of accounting for indirect activities in Scope 3 assessments. Studies identifying gas emission sources often rely on assumptions rather than precise data. This research emphasizes the need to accurately identify and quantify Scope 3 emissions in sports events, underscoring the importance of effectively assessing and managing indirect activities to understand their environmental impact. This article is categorized under: Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change

Biology · Carbon fibers · Economics · Environmental planning · Environmental protection · Environmental resource management · Geography · Greenhouse gas · Natural resource economics · Scope (computer science · Computer Science · Environmental Science · Sport and Mega-Event Impacts · Urban Transport and Accessibility · Vehicle emissions and performance · Ecology