National health policies and strategies for addressing chronic kidney disease

National strategies for addressing chronic kidney disease (CKD) are crucial to improving kidney health. We sought to describe country-level variations in non-communicable disease (NCD) strategies and CKD-specific policies across different regions and income levels worldwide. The International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas (GKHA) was a multinational cross-sectional survey conducted between July and October 2018. Responses from key opinion leaders in each country regarding national NCD strategies, the presence and scope of CKD-specific policies, and government recognition of CKD as a health priority were described overall and according to region and income level. 160 countries participated in the GKHA survey, comprising 97.8% of the world’s population. Seventy-four (47%) countries had an established national NCD strategy, and 53 (34%) countries reported the existence of CKD-specific policies, with substantial variation across regions and income levels. Where CKD-specific policies existed, non-dialysis CKD care was variably addressed. 79 (51%) countries identified government recognition of CKD as a health priority. Low- and low-middle income countries were less likely to have strategies and policies for addressing CKD and have governments which recognise it as a health priority. The existence of CKD-specific policies, and a national NCD strategy more broadly, varied substantially across different regions around the world but was overall suboptimal, with major discrepancies between the burden of CKD in many countries and governmental recognition of CKD as a health priority. Greater recognition of CKD within national health policy is critical to improving kidney healthcare globally

Economic growth · Economics · Environmental health · Global health · Health care · Kidney disease · Pathology · Population · Public health · Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes · Dialysis and Renal Disease Management · Healthcare Systems and Reforms · Medicine · Health Policy · Internal Medicine · Nephrology

• Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death

  Open Access•Kyle J Foreman, Neal Marquez et al.•The Lancet•2018

  Añadir item

• Investing in non-communicable disease prevention and management to advance the Sustainable Development Goals

  Open Access•Rachel Nugent, Melanie Y Bertram et al.•The Lancet•2018

  Añadir item

• Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017

  Open Access•Boris Bikbov, Caroline Purcell et al.•The Lancet•2020

  Añadir item

• Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study highlights the global, regional, and national trends of chronic kidney disease epidemiology from 1990 to 2016

  Open Access•Yan Xie, Benjamin Bowe et al.•Kidney International•2018

  Añadir item

• Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease

  Open Access•Thaminda Liyanage, Toshiharu Ninomiya et al.•The Lancet•2015

  Añadir item

• The Covid-19 pandemic and health inequalities

  Open Access•Clare Bambra, Ryan Riordan et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2020

  Añadir item