Archaeological and Historical Analysis of Batu Aceh Gravestones and the Kingdom of Aru in Kelambir Lima, North Sumatra

The purpose of the research paper is to investigate the historical significance of three ancient cemetery complexes in Kelambir Lima Kampung, Hamparan Perak, North Sumatra. By analysing 34 Batu Aceh gravestones of the 14th-15th century, the authors aim to establish a connection between these gravestones and the Kingdom of Aru. The scientific novelty. A detailed study was conducted of 34 Batu Aceh-type gravestones in Kelambir Lima Kampung, contributing to their understanding. Chronological dating has been carried out on gravestones of the 14th-15th century and categorisation into specific variant types. The successful reconstruction of an inscribed gravestone from Kajang Batu 1 Cemetery, indicating the presence of an Islamic kingdom, establishes a link between the gravestones and the Kingdom of Aru. Conclusions. The study identified 34 Batu Aceh gravestones, categorised them into specific variants and shows the historical significance of the cemetery complexes. A key finding is an inscribed gravestone bearing the title ‘al-Sultan,’ suggesting the presence of an Islamic kingdom in the region. The research highlights the historical and cultural significance of the gravestones and underscores the importance of these sites in North Sumatra’s history. The presence of a cemetery complex adjacent to the Belawan River suggests the historical existence of an important urban centre and a trading port in the area. This finding contributes to our understanding of the economic and geographical factors that influenced the rise and decline of ancient cities and trading centres. The adoption of Islamic titles and the presence of gravestones with inscriptions referencing sultans reflect the religious and political transformations in the region. This highlights the spread of Islam and its integration into the local governance structures, providing a broader context for the study of Islamic influence in Southeast Asia. The study confirms that cemetery complexes are important for academic research, cultural heritage conservation and historical understanding the past. Funding. This research was supported by the Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) through the TALENTA Research Grant (No. 115/UN5.2.3.1/PPM/KP-TALENTA/2022). The authors wish to extend their gratitude to the students who contributed to the data collection process

Ancient history · Archaeology · Geography · Kingdom · History · Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies · Geology · Paleontology