Transformation du système de production et inégalité économique; le cas d'un village haoussa (Niger)

Supported by data collected in a Hausa village in Niger, this paper analyses the changes which affect the social organization of agricultural production. The main points outlined are: the breaking up of traditional family estates; the increasing number of commercial operations dealing with the land; the generalization of hired farm-labour. This evolution, which entails a rapid spreading of merchant relationships, raises the question of the role which money plays in a global economic system ruled by groundnut trading. In such a socio-economic context, strong inequality-producing mechanisms are at work: the merchant-orientated “circulation” of land and labour tends to increase the vulnerability of the poorest and the advantages of the richest. Wheras the gap is indubitably widening between peasant producers and members of the urban “bourgeoisie,” a detailed analysis shows that it still remains moderate among the village community. This is basically linked to the low development level of the producing forces which in turn is a consequence of the weak profit-making capacity of agriculture where surpluses almost all go to spheres outside the rural community

Agriculture · Context (archaeology) · Economics · Economy · Geography · Inequality · Peasant · Production (economics) · Profit (economics) · African Studies and Ethnography · Agriculture and Rural Development Research · French Urban and Social Studies

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