Characterization and Conservation Study of Ancient Egyptian Bronze Bells

Datos Bibliográficos

ID22338239
AutoresMohamed Abdelbar (0000-0002-5410-5209, Damietta University, autor de correspondencia), Abdelbar M
Año2021
Volumen11
Número2
Páginas165-174
Fecha de publicación2021-12-01
Peer ReviewedSí
Open AccessNo
TipoARTICLE
RevistaEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies (JOURNAL)
Identificadores de la revistaISSN: 2090-4932 • E-ISSN: 2090-4940
EditorialEgypts Presidential Specialized Council for Education and Scientific Research (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.21608/ejars.2021.210367
OpenAlexW4206824657
IdiomaEN
Citas recibidas3
Referencias citadas2

Two Bronze Bells were excavated through the Egyptian- Italian expedition in Medinet Madi, Fayoum, Egypt. They are dated back to the Late Period (664-332 BC) preserved in the store museum of Kom Oshim, Fayoum governorate. They were manufactured by the lost wax process. Visual examination, USB digital microscope, metallographic examination, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy, portable X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction were used in this study to elucidate the micro-structure and elemental chemical composition of the bells, and identify the corrosion morphology. The results indicated that the bells had been manufactured with a ternary alloy Cu-Sn-Pb. Two-phased microstructure the α-Cu phase and the (α-Cu+δ-Sn) eutectoid could be observed with Pb small globules and scattered porosity. The corrosion products were identified as atacamite, paratacamite and malachite for the bronze bell, and goethite for the iron clapper. Conservation treatments included cleaning and protection processes to reveal the bells shape and provide better protection against corrosion

Ancient history · Archaeology · Bronze · Geography · Ancient Egypt and Archaeology · Building materials and conservation · Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis · History