Saltar al contenido principal

ETHNOS_APP

Inicio • Búsqueda • Revistas • Lista 0

Evidence-based guidelines for greener, healthier, more resilient neighbourhoods

Introducing the 3–30–300 rule

Datos Bibliográficos

ID23323039
AutoresCecil C Konijnendijk (0000-0003-4000-0622, autor de correspondencia)
Año2023
Volumen34
Número3
Páginas821-830
Fecha de publicación2023-06-01
Peer ReviewedSí
Open AccessSí
TipoARTICLE
RevistaJournal of Forestry Research (JOURNAL)
Identificadores de la revistaISSN: 1007-662X • E-ISSN: 1993-0607
EditorialSpringer Science and Business Media LLC (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1007/s11676-022-01523-z
PMID36042873
OpenAlexW4293125193
IdiomaEN
Citas recibidas88
Referencias citadas40

The important contributions of urban trees and green spaces to for example, climate moderation and public health have been recognized. This paper discusses guidelines and norms that promote the benefits of viewing green, living amongst green, and having easy access to green spaces for recreational use. Having trees and other vegetation in sight from one’s home, place of work, or school has important mental health and performance benefits. Local tree canopy cover is positively associated with cooling and other aspects of climate moderation. With public green spaces in proximity to one’s home stimulates regular use of these areas and results in positive impacts on mental, physical, and social health. After analyzing existing guidelines and rules for urban green space planning and provision, a new, comprehensive guideline is presented, known as the ‘3–30–300 rule’ for urban forestry. This guideline aims to provide equitable access to trees and green spaces and their benefits by setting the thresholds of having at least 3 well-established trees in view from every home, school, and place of work, no less than a 30% tree canopy in every neighbourhood; and no more than 300 m to the nearest public green space from every residence. Current implementation of this new guideline is discussed, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using this evidence-based but also clear and simple rules.

Architectural engineering · Business · Environmental planning · Geography · Green infrastructure · Guideline · Mental health · Moderation · Neighbourhood (mathematics) · Political science · Public health · Public open space · Public space · Recreation · Residence · Sociology · Space (punctuation) · Urban forest · Urban Forestry · Work (physics) · Computer Science · Engineering · Forestry · Mathematics · Medicine · Psychology · Social Psychology · Urban Agriculture and Sustainability · Urban Green Space and Health · Urban Heat Island Mitigation

  • Policy Standards for Healthy Built Environments

    Open Access•Reint A Huijzendveld, Famke J M Mölenberg et al.•Journal of Urban Health•2026

  • Tree canopy is associated with lower levels of depression, but not for everyone

    Open Access•Katrin Beyer, Yuhong Zhou et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2026

  • Understanding How Green Space Accessibility and Utilisation Relate to Common Mental Health

    Open Access•Xianghui Zhang, Mark Green et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2026

  • Urban greenery variation between residential typologies

    Open Access•Oskar Bäcklin, Sofia Thorsson et al.•Trees Forests and People•2024

  • Interdisciplinary insights into navigating the maze of landscape multifunctionality

    Open Access•Hanna Fors, Anna Berlin et al.•People and Nature•2024

  • Reduction in the use of green spaces during the Covid-19 pandemic and its impact on mental health

    Open Access•Marta Borgi, Barbara Collacchi et al.•Health & Place•2023

  • From the Capital to the Interior

    Open Access•Tarik Cuchi, Rorai Pereira Martins‐Neto et al.•Land Degradation and Development•2026

  • Greenery in times of crisis

    Open Access•Anita Kukulska-Kozieł, Tomasz Noszczyk et al.•Land Use Policy•2024

  • Spatializing Urban Forests as Nature-based Solutions

    Open Access•Luca Battisti, Giovanni Giacco et al.•Cities•2024

  • Defining publicly accessible urban green spaces for psychophysical wellbeing in the Milan Metropolitan Area

    Open Access•Maria Chiara Pastore, Claudia Ida Maria Parenti et al.•Cities•2025

  • Mapping public support for urban green infrastructure policies across the biodiversity-climate-society -nexus

    Open Access•Jussi Lampinen, Oriol García‐Antúnez et al.•Landscape and Urban Planning•2023

  • How can urban green space be planned for a ‘happy city’? Evidence from overhead- to eye-level green exposure metrics

    Open Access•Yingyi Cheng, Matthew H E M Browning et al.•Landscape and Urban Planning•2024

  • Defining ‘adequate’ tree protection

    Open Access•Thami Croeser, Wolfgang W Weisser et al.•Landscape and Urban Planning•2025

  • Efeitos da cobertura de solo e poluição do ar no risco de nascimentos prematuros

    Open Access•Tiana Carla Lopes Moreira, Jefferson Lordello Polizel et al.•Revista de Saúde Pública•2024

  • Internationally Validated Open Access Indicators of Large Public Urban Green Space for Healthy and Sustainable Cities

    Open Access•Ryan Turner, Catherine Higgs et al.•Geographical Analysis•2025

  • Airborne birch pollen dispersal in an urban setting – case study

    Open Access•Anne M Overduin‐de Vries, Nemi Dorst et al.•Trees Forests and People•2026

  • Landscape Determinants of Preschool Educators’ Perceived Nature Deficiency and Nature-Based Practices in Japan

    Open Access•Ryota Asano, Fumi Sato et al.•Human Ecology•2026

  • A tale of two cities

    Open Access•Kate Farley, Danial Owen et al.•BMC Public Health•2025

  • Cooling cities through urban green infrastructure

    Open Access•Tamara Iungman, Marta Cirach et al.•The Lancet•2023

  • Cooling efficacy of trees across cities is determined by background climate, urban morphology, and tree trait

    Open Access•Haiwei Li, Yongling Zhao et al.•Communications Earth & Environment•2024

  • Construction of a health assessment system for Ficus microcarpa based on physiological indicators

    Open Access•Jian Dai, Huayi Huang et al.•Trees Forests and People•2026

  • Physical activity in urban green spaces

    Open Access•Sammila Andrade Abdala, Celia Santos-Tapia et al.•Health Promotion International•2026

  • Effect of tree canopy cover on air pollution-related mortality in European cities

    Open Access•Pierre Sicard, Ionuț-Silviu Pascu et al.•The Lancet Planetary Health•2025

  • Distance to Natural Environments, Physical Activity, Sleep, and Body Composition in Women

    Open Access•Andreia Teixeira, Ronaldo Gabriel et al.•International Journal of…•2023

  • Relationship between Environmental Conditions and Utilisation of Community-Based Mental Health Care

    Open Access•Eleonora Prina, Federico Tedeschi et al.•International Journal of…•2024

  • Residential tree canopy configuration and mortality in 6 million Swiss adults

    Open Access•Dengkai Chi, Gabriele Manoli et al.•The Lancet Planetary Health•2025

  • Inclusive Cities for All Beings

    Open Access•Ciska De Ruyver, Christel Moons et al.•Social Inclusion•2026

  • More trees, more naturalness, and greater willingness to engage in physical activity

    Open Access•Yanxia Zhao, Li Huang et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2026

  • Beyond the 3-30-300 Rule

    Open Access•Giovanna Galeota Lanza, Piergiorgio Cipriano et al.•ISPRS International Journal of…•2026

  • Urban heat and public green space

    Open Access•Carl C Anderson, Nicolas HASLER•International Journal of Disaster…•2026

  • Spatial-temporal dynamics of the urban forest in Central Division, Kampala city, Uganda

    Daniel Padde, Justine Namaalwa et al.•African Geographical Review•2025

  • A historical analysis of urban green and blue spaces in socialist and post-socialist Zagreb, Croatia

    Neven Tandarić, Christopher D Ives et al.•International Planning Studies•2025

  • Forest urbanism

    Open Access•Weike Li, Gianni Talamini et al.•European Planning Studies•2026

  • Assessment of individualised dynamic environmental exposures within The World Avatar

    Open Access•Jiying Chen, Jethro Akroyd et al.•Computers Environment and Urban…•2026

  • Dose thresholds of urban nature contact for human health

    Open Access•Minhan Qiu, Matthew H E M Browning et al.•Environmental Impact Assessment…•2026

  • Aligning green spaces with human activity

    Open Access•Yicheng Zheng, Tao Lin et al.•Landscape and Urban Planning•2026

  • Using the Gini Index to quantify urban green inequality

    Open Access•Alexander J F Martin, Tenley M Conway•Landscape and Urban Planning•2025

  • Insufficient space

    Open Access•Paticia Rettondini Torquato, Christopher Szota et al.•Landscape and Urban Planning•2025

  • Whose woods are these? Forest patch characteristics and ownership across cities of the eastern United States

    Open Access•Nancy F Sonti, Maurice E Baker et al.•Landscape and Urban Planning•2025

  • Assessing public attitudes towards urban green spaces as a heat adaptation strategy

    Open Access•Rita Sousa‐silva, Chad Zanocco•Landscape and Urban Planning•2024

  • Assessing accessibility and crowding in urban green spaces

    Open Access•Barbara Czesak, Renata Różycka-Czas•Landscape and Urban Planning•2025

  • The 3–30–300 rule Compliance

    Open Access•Marco Antonio Lopez, Alessandra De Marco et al.•Landscape and Urban Planning•2025

  • Beyond sentiment

    Open Access•Qiwei Song, Siyu Tian et al.•Landscape and Urban Planning•2026

  • Limitations of quantified rules in urban forestry

    Open Access•Peter N Duinker, Christian Messier et al.•Landscape and Urban Planning•2026

  • Research note

    Open Access•Sarah Foster, Alexandra Kleeman et al.•Landscape and Urban Planning•2024

  • More than a canopy cover metric

    Open Access•Mohammad A Rahman, Stefan Arndt et al.•Landscape and Urban Planning•2024

  • Exploring the dose-response of landscape preference

    Open Access•Mingyu Zhao, Yatao Zhang•Applied Geography•2024

  • Associations between urban greenspace and depressive symptoms in Mexico's cities using different greenspace metrics

    Open Access•Maryia Bakhtsiyarava, Y Ju et al.•Applied Geography•2024

  • How Visible Are the Valley Slopes in the City? A Viewshed Analysis in the Urban Agglomeration of Liège

    Giacomo Dallatorre, Géant Basimine Chuma et al.•The Professional Geographer•2025

  • Older adults’ preferences and behaviour during warm weather and heatwaves in the urban environment

    Open Access•Jessika Lönn, Sandra Lujic et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2025

  • Advanced digital methods for analysing and optimising accessibility and visibility of water for designing sustainable healthy urban environments

    Open Access•Haoxiang Zhang, Steffen Nijhui et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2023

  • Relationship Between Urban Tree Diversity and Human Well-being

    Open Access•Johanna Krischke, Angela Beckmann-Wübbelt et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2025

  • Nature-based interventions (NBIs) and health recovery

    Open Access•Yaxuan Bao, Zhongle Tan et al.•Sustainable Futures•2026

  • How urban green infrastructure contributes to carbon neutrality

    Open Access•Ranja Hautamäki, Liisa Kulmala et al.•Buildings and Cities•2025

  • Benchmark

    Open Access•Shruti Ashish Lahoti, Manu Thomas et al.•Urban Science•2025

  • The Quality Urban Label and the 4Q City Model

    Open Access•Jordi Mazón•Urban Science•2024

  • A Transformative Architectural Pedagogy and Tool for a Time of Converging Crises

    Open Access•Amanda Yates, Maibritt Pedersen Zari et al.•Urban Science•2022

  • How Can We Measure Urban Green Spaces’ Qualities and Features? A Review of Methods, Tools and Frameworks Oriented Toward Public Health

    Open Access•Andrea Rebecchi, Erica Isa Mosca et al.•Urban Science•2025

  • Integrating Urban Tree Carbon Sequestration into Metropolitan Ecosystem Services for Climate-Neutral Cities

    Open Access•Jordi Mazón•Urban Science•2025

  • Green spaces in Polish large prefabricated housing estates developed in the socialist era

    Open Access•Tomasz Starczewski, Krzysztof Rogatka et al.•Journal of Housing and the Built…•2024

  • From superislands to Green Axes. The conceptual iteration of Barcelona’s Superblocks

    Simon De Boeck, Maarten Van Acker et al.•Journal of Urban Design•2026

  • Ethnic differences in the relationship between greenspace deprivation and emotional, behavioural, and cognitive development in early-to-middle childhood

    Open Access•Georgia Cronshaw, Emily Midouhas et al.•Health & Place•2026

  • A systematic review of the impact of the urban environment on the health of school-age children and adolescents

    Open Access•Tianmin Tao, Fan Yuan et al.•Cities•2026

  • How green and blue spaces promote health among vulnerable urban populations facing climate hazards. A scoping review

    Open Access•Paula Janeka, Julia Föllmer et al.•Wellbeing Space and Society•2025

  • Developing a matrix and manual for mapping access to outdoor environments for older adults and care workers at residential care facilities

    Open Access•Madeleine Liljegren, Anna Bengtsson et al.•Wellbeing Space and Society•2026

  • Does nature make us less lonely? Analysis in Bulgaria's five largest cities

    Open Access•Iana Markevych, Clemens Baumbach et al.•Health & Place•2025

  • Planning public green spaces within customary land tenure contexts

    Millicent Awialie Akaateba, Bernard Afiik Akanpabadai Akanbang et al.•Journal of Urban Affairs•2023

  • Ecosocial values beyond market-oriented conservation

    Open Access•Misa Tuomala, Juha Hiedanpää et al.•Cities•2025

  • The influence of urban forest on stress levels among adults aged 45 and older

    Open Access•Christy Cecilia Veronica Suhendy, Andrew K Koeser et al.•Trees Forests and People•2026

  • Different urban densities, different tree cover densities

    Open Access•Leiqing Xu, Xiaan Wu•Trees Forests and People•2026

  • The well-being of Homo sapiens in forests

    Open Access•Säde Stenlund, Delphine Théberge et al.•Trees Forests and People•2025

  • Auditory perception and the ecology of human–nature interactions

    Open Access•Siddharth Unnithan Kumar, Kevin J Gaston•People and Nature•2025

  • Exploring autonomous and controlled motivations for nature contact to maximise health benefits

    Open Access•Thomas Astell-Burt, Michael Navakatikyan et al.•People and Nature•2024

  • Exploring the preferences of vulnerable populations in green spaces

    Open Access•Asmita Kanav, Jitendra Kumar•Socio-Ecological Practice Research•2024

  • Greening the City with the 3–30–300 Rule

    Open Access•Soha Aliakbari, Alessio Russo•Urban Science•2026

  • Principal component analysis and fuzzy clustering for neighborhood-scale urban morphology-based thermal hazard assessment

    Open Access•Abdurrahman Zaki, Patrycja Przewoźna et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2026

  • Beijing’s dual-phase urban afforestation projects

    Open Access•Na Yao, Kaifang Zuo et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2026

  • Urban spatial sequencing shapes dynamic thermal perception

    Open Access•Qihui Zhang, Yunsong Han et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2026

  • Toward interpretable urban spatial layout generation

    Open Access•Haocheng Sun, Jiyao Cai et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2026

  • Greening guidelines for cooling European neighbourhoods with temperate climate

    Open Access•Yehan Wu, Agnès Patuano et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2026

  • Urban scaling of well-being for cities in the Netherlands, the urban centre versus the functional urban area

    Open Access•Mirjam van Hemmen, A Ligtenberg et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2026

  • Nonlinear and spatially heterogenous effects of air pollution and greenspace exposure on chronic respiratory disease mortality in Guangzhou, China

    Open Access•Man Chen, Ye Liu et al.•Health & Place•2026

  • City-wide cognitive function screening study of older adults in Beijing reveal protective association of urban green space

    Open Access•Wei Zhou, Weiju Zhou et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2026

  • Green spaces as places for inclusion

    Open Access•Sara Romero-Muñoz, Víctor Sanz et al.•Cities•2026

  • Evaluate user satisfaction for urban design of railway station areas

    Open Access•Chen Enshan, Stefan van de Spek et al.•Environmental Impact Assessment…•2025

  • Cooling varies with green space characteristics

    Open Access•Xinyu Zhang, Jinyu Hu et al.•Environmental Impact Assessment…•2026

  • Beyond the Golden Shovel

    Theodore S Eisenman, Lara A Roman et al.•Journal of the American Planning…•2025

  • La dimensión doméstica oculta en los parques de proximidad. Posibles valores de la tríada naturaleza-parque-hogar

    Open Access•Marina Jiménez•Bitácora Urbano Territorial•2024

  • A monitoring tool for the provision of accessible and attractive urban green spaces

    Open Access•Ann Van Herzele, Torsten Wiedemann•Landscape and Urban Planning•2003

  • Health benefits of green spaces in the living environment

    Open Access•Magdalena van den Berg, Wanda Wendel-Vos et al.•Urban Forestry & Urban Greening•2015

  • Pathways linking biodiversity to human health

    Open Access•Melissa Marselle, Terry Hartig et al.•Environment International•2021

  • Association of Urban Green Space With Mental Health and General Health Among Adults in Australia

    Open Access•Thomas Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng•JAMA Network Open•2019

  • Challenges and strategies for urban green-space planning in cities undergoing densification

    Open Access•Christine Haaland, Cecil C Konijnendijk et al.•Urban Forestry & Urban Greening•2015

  • Scale-dependent interactions between tree canopy cover and impervious surfaces reduce daytime urban heat during summer

    Open Access•Carly Ziter, Eric J Pedersen et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2019

  • Nature and mental health

    Open Access•Gregory N Bratman, Christopher B Anderson et al.•Science Advances•2019

  • Health effects of viewing landscapes – Landscape types in environmental psychology

    Open Access•Ma D Velarde, G Fry et al.•Urban Forestry & Urban Greening•2007

  • Social Life Under Cover

    Open Access•Meghan T Holtan, Susan L Dieterlen et al.•Environment and Behavior•2015

  • Parks and physical activity

    Open Access•Deborah A Cohen, Terry Marsh et al.•Preventive Medicine•2010

  • Nature and Health

    Terry Hartig, Richard Mitchell et al.•Annual Review of Public Health•2014

  • Urban tree canopy has greater cooling effects in socially vulnerable communities in the US

    Open Access•Weiqi Zhou, Ganlin Huang et al.•One Earth•2021

  • Does sleep grow on trees? A longitudinal study to investigate potential prevention of insufficient sleep with different types of urban green space

    Open Access•Thomas Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng•SSM - Population Health•2019

  • Type and Proximity of Green Spaces Are Important for Preventing Cardiovascular Morbidity and Diabetes—A Cross-Sectional Study for Quebec, Canada

    Open Access•Roland Ngom, Pierre Gosselin et al.•International Journal of…•2016

  • The Workplace Window View

    Lene Lottrup, Ulrika K Stigsdotter et al.•Landscape Research•2015

  • Using green infrastructure to improve urban air quality (GI4AQ)

    Open Access•C Nick Hewitt, Kirsti Ashworth et al.•AMBIO•2020

Obras citantes distintas88
Citas por año22
Intervalo de citas2022 - 2026 (5)
Velocidad de citacióncurrent
Altamente citadoNo
Tipos de citaNeutras: 71

Herramientas

Abrir DOIOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Proyecto Open Source • Licencia MIT • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacidad y Cookies • Documentación de la API: api.ethnos.app/docs • Código de la API: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Código del Frontend: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae