The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Datos Bibliográficos

ID23344128
AutoresJohn Cryan (0000-0001-5887-2723, University College Cork), John F Cryan (University College Cork), Kenneth J O’Riordan (0000-0003-0081-6010, University College Cork), Caitlin S M Cowan (0000-0002-2959-1380, University College Cork), Kiran V Sandhu (University College Cork), Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen (0000-0001-6891-734X, University College Cork), Marcus Boehme (0000-0002-5678-8226, University College Cork), Martin G Codagnone (0000-0001-8266-940X, University College Cork), Sofia Cussotto (0000-0002-2479-6985, University College Cork), Christine Fulling (University College Cork), Anna V Golubeva (0000-0001-8268-8811, University College Cork), Katherine E Guzzetta (0000-0002-2142-2902, University College Cork), Minal Jaggar (0000-0003-1372-0691, University College Cork), Caitriona M Long-Smith (University College Cork), Joshua M Lyte (0000-0002-1679-6854, University College Cork), Jason Martins (0000-0001-8194-4297, University College Cork), Jason A Martin (University College Cork), Alicia Molinero-Perez (University College Cork), Gerard Moloney (University College Cork), Gerard M Moloney (0000-0002-3672-1390, University College Cork), Emanuela Morelli (0000-0001-8704-9330, University College Cork), Enrique Morillas (0000-0003-2817-0346, University College Cork), Rory O'Connor (University College Cork), Rory O’Connor (University College Cork), Joana S Cruz-Pereira (University College Cork), Veronica L Peterson (0000-0001-7011-1775, University College Cork), Kieran Rea (0000-0001-7631-1305, University College Cork), Nathaniel L Ritz (0000-0002-7367-292X, University College Cork), Emily Sherwin (0000-0002-5271-3841, University College Cork), Eoin Sherwin (University College Cork), Simon Spichak (0000-0003-1226-5527, University College Cork), Emily M Teichman (0000-0003-1336-0999, University College Cork), Marcel van de Wouw (0000-0002-2607-314X, University College Cork), Ana Paula Ventura-Silva (University College Cork), Ana Paula Ventura‐Silva (0000-0002-3329-328X, University College Cork), Shauna E Wallace-Fitzsimons (University College Cork), Niall Hyland (University College Cork), Niall P Hyland (0000-0003-0060-7390, University College Cork), Gerard Clarke (0000-0002-3777-7302, University College Cork), Timothy G Dinan (0000-0002-2316-7220, University College Cork)
Año2019
Volumen99
Número4
Páginas1877-2013
Fecha de publicación2019-10-01
Peer ReviewedSí
Open AccessNo
TipoARTICLE
RevistaPhysiological Reviews (JOURNAL)
Identificadores de la revistaISSN: 0031-9333 • E-ISSN: 1522-1210
EditorialAmerican Physiological Society (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1152/physrev.00018.2018
PMID31460832
OpenAlexW2970686316
IdiomaEN
Citas recibidas60
Referencias citadas1.649

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, the past 15 yr have seen the emergence of the microbiota (the trillions of microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one of the key regulators of gut-brain function and has led to the appreciation of the importance of a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This axis is gaining ever more traction in fields investigating the biological and physiological basis of psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, and neurodegenerative disorders. The microbiota and the brain communicate with each other via various routes including the immune system, tryptophan metabolism, the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system, involving microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, and peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence microbiota composition in early life, including infection, mode of birth delivery, use of antibiotic medications, the nature of nutritional provision, environmental stressors, and host genetics. At the other extreme of life, microbial diversity diminishes with aging. Stress, in particular, can significantly impact the microbiota-gut-brain axis at all stages of life. Much recent work has implicated the gut microbiota in many conditions including autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models have been paramount in linking the regulation of fundamental neural processes, such as neurogenesis and myelination, to microbiome activation of microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing and will greatly enhance the field. Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.

Autism · Bioinformatics · Biology · Disease · Gut flora · Gut–brain axis · Immune system · Microbiome · Pathology · Gastrointestinal motility and disorders · Gut microbiota and health · Immunology · Medicine · Neuroscience · Tryptophan and brain disorders