Abdul Qadir and Shaykh Umar

Shaykh Umar Tal emerges from most accounts as primarily concerned with establishing an Islamic state in the Middle Niger and with only tenuous relationships to his original homeland along the Senegal River.1 This interplretation is nolt surprising, given the pattern of Umar's military campaigns from the launching of the jihaad of the sword in. 1852 until his death in 1864. It does neglect, however, his striking dependence upon his native Futa Tolro, for recruits for his expeditions and the continuing flow of manpowet from Futa under his son and successor, Amadu. In addition, it ignores the very important continuity between Umar and the founders of the Islamic state of the middle valley in the late eighteenth century. This article is an effort to develop the Futanke tradition of Islamic leadership incarnated by Umar and those founders, especially Abdul Qadir Kan. In the late eighteenth century, a group of dissatisfied Muslims became sufficiently strong to, wrest control from the ruling dynasty of Futa Toro and create a new state called the Almamate.2 As their first official Almamy or head of state they chose Abdul Qadir, a man of about fifty who

Islam · Theology · African Studies and Ethnography · African Studies and Geopolitics · Philosophy · Religion and Sociopolitical Dynamics in Nigeria

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