Dilmun

The land known by the name of Dilmun (or Telmun) in the cuneiform documents has been identified by most scholars with the island of Bahrein in the Persian T Gulf (note 1), and for the past nine years a large and competent Danish expedition has been excavating on the island in the hope of uncovering there the origin of the Sumerians and their civilization (note 2). Several scholars have located Dilmun in Iran, south of Elam, and have taken it to be a land bordering on the eastern shore of the Persian Gulf, whose hinterland included the province of Persis (note 3). This was the localization of Dilmun which seemed most likely to me when preparing the article 'Dilmun and the Land of the Living' some two decades ago (note 4). In recent years, however, new inscriptional material has become available which indicates that whatever its western boundary, Dilmun extended much farther to the east and included much, if not all, of that part of Iran, Pakistan, and India on which flourished the Indus or Harappan civilization (note 5). The following pages will sketch the pertinent cuneiform evidence for this identification of Dilmun in the chronological order in which it came to my attention over the years

Ancient history · Archaeology · Art history · Civilization · Cuneiform · Danish · Geography · Indus · Paradise · Persian · Shore · Ancient Near East History · Eurasian Exchange Networks · Geology · Historical, Religious, and Philosophical Studies · History · Paleontology · Philosophy

• Bronze Age Burial Mounds on Bahrain

  Anthony Lowe•Iraq•1986

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• Archaeobotanical evidence for early Dilmun diet at Saar, Bahrain

  Open Access•Mark Nesbitt•Arabian archaeology and epigraphy•1993

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• An Analysis of dental pathology and diet on historic Bahrain

  J Littleton, B Frohlich et al.•Paléorient•1989

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• Between Greece and Babylonia

  Kathryn Stevens•Between Greece and Babylonia•2019

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• Trade and Culture Process in European Prehistory

  Colin Renfrew•Current Anthropology•1969

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• Dilmun and the Gulf of Cambay

  Open Access•F R Allchin•Antiquity•1969

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• The Mohenjo‐daro Floods

  Open Access•Gregory L Possehl•American Anthropologist•1967

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• The Harappan "Port" at Lothal

  Open Access•Lawrence S Leshnik, K H Junghans•American Anthropologist•1968

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• Archeology and Metallurgical Technology in Prehistoric Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan1

  Open Access•C C Lamberg‐karlovsky•American Anthropologist•1967

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